Brunei and Talk:Georges Polti: Difference between pages
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{{WPBiography |
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{{Infobox Country or territory |
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|living=no |
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|native_name = <span style="line-height:1.33em;"><big> بروني دارالسلام </big></span> |
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|class=Stub |
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|conventional_long_name = <span style="line-height:1.33em;">''Negara Brunei Darussalam''</span><br/>State of Brunei Darussalam |
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|priority= |
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|common_name = Brunei Darussalam |
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|auto=yes |
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|image_flag = Flag of Brunei.svg |
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|a&e-work-group=yes |
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|image_coat = COA of Brunei.svg |
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|image_map = LocationBrunei.png |
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|national_motto = "Always in service with God's guidance"{{spaces|2}}<small>(translation)</small> |
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|national_anthem = ''[[Allah Peliharakan Sultan]]''<small><br/>"God Bless the Sultan"</small> |
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|official_languages = [[Malay language|Malay]] (national), [[English language|English]] |
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|capital = [[Bandar Seri Begawan]] |
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|latd=4 |latm=55 |latNS=N |longd=114 |longm=55 |longEW=E |
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|largest_city = capital |
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|government_type = [[Absolute monarchy]] |
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|leader_title1 = [[List of Sultans of Brunei|Sultan]] |
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|leader_name1 = [[Hassanal Bolkiah]] |
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|area_rank = 170th |
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|area_magnitude = 1 E9 |
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|area = 5,765 |
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|areami² = 2,226 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |
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|percent_water = 8.6 |
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|population_estimate = 379,444 |
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|population_estimate_rank = 177th |
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|population_estimate_year = 2006 |
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|population_census = 332,844 |
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|population_census_year = 2001 |
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|population_density = 65 |
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|population_densitymi² = 168 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |
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|population_density_rank = 127th |
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|GDP_PPP = $9.009 billion <!--http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/data/dbcoutm.cfm?SD=2005&ED=2007&R1=1&R2=1&CS=3&SS=2&OS=C&DD=0&OUT=1&C=516&S=PPPWGT-PPPPC&RequestTimeout=120&CMP=0&x=99&y=10--> |
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|GDP_PPP_rank = 138th |
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|GDP_PPP_year = 2005 |
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|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $24,826 |
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|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 26th |
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|sovereignty_type = [[Independence]] |
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|established_event1 = End of<br/>British protectorate |
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|established_date1 = <br/>[[January 1]] [[1984]] |
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|HDI = {{increase}} 0.871 |
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|HDI_rank = 34th |
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|HDI_year = 2004 |
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|HDI_category = <font color="#009900">high</font> |
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|currency = [[Brunei dollar|Brunei ringgit]] |
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|currency_code = BND |
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|country_code = |
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|time_zone = |
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|utc_offset = +8 |
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|time_zone_DST = |
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|utc_offset_DST = |
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|cctld = [[.bn]] |
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|calling_code = 673<sup>1</sup> |
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|footnote1 = Also 080 from [[Malaysia]]. |
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}} |
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{{WikiProject France}} |
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'''Brunei''', ([[IPA]]: [bru·ˈnaʲ]) officially the '''State of Brunei, Abode of Peace''' ({{lang-ms|Negara Brunei Darussalam}}, [[Jawi (script)|Jawi]]:<big> برني دارالسلام </big>), is a country located on the [[island]] of [[Borneo]], in [[Southeast Asia]]. Apart from its coastline with the [[South China Sea]], it is completely surrounded by the states of [[Sarawak]] and [[Sabah]], [[East Malaysia]]. Brunei, the remnant of a very powerful [[sultanate]], regained its independence, from the [[United Kingdom]], on [[1 January]] [[1984]]. |
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==History== |
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{{main|History of Brunei}} |
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The [[Sultanate]] of Brunei was very powerful from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century AD. Its realm covered the whole island of [[Borneo]] and the southwestern [[Philippines]]. [[Europe]]an influence gradually brought an end to this [[regional power]]. Later, there was a brief war with [[Spain]], in which Brunei was victorious. The decline of the [[Bruneian Empire]] culminated in the nineteenth century when Brunei lost much of its territory to the [[White Rajahs]] of [[Sarawak]], resulting in its current small landmass and separation into two parts. Brunei was a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[protectorate]] from 1888 to 1984. |
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There was a small [[rebellion]] against the [[monarchy]] during the 1960s, which was suppressed by the [[United Kingdom]]. This event became known as the [[Brunei Revolt]] and was partly responsible for the failure to create the [[North Borneo Federation]]. The rebellion also affected Brunei's decision to opt out of the [[Malaysia|Malaysian Federation]] and was the first stage of the [[Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation]]. |
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==Politics and government== |
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{{POV-section}} |
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[[Image:Hassanal Bolkiah 2002.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei.]] |
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{{main|Politics of Brunei}} |
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[[Hassanal Bolkiah|Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah]] of Brunei, whose [[List of Sultans of Brunei|title]] has passed within the same dynasty since the fifteenth century, is the head of state and head of government in Brunei. The Sultan is advised by several [[Privy Council|councils]] and a cabinet of [[Minister (government)|minister]]s although he is effectively the supreme ruler. The [[News media|media]] is extremely pro-government and the Royal family retains a venerated status within the country. There is no elected [[legislative]] body. In September 2004, the Sultan convened an appointed [[Parliament]] which had not met since independence in 1984, although it lacks any capacity beyond advising the monarch. Despite the absolute rule of the Sultan, Brunei has a generally good human rights record, except for some detentions of persons either making defamatory remarks about the dictator or trying to convert Muslims to Christianity. |
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The country has been under hypothetical [[martial law]] since a rebellion occurred in the early 1960s and was put down by [[United Kingdom|British]] troops from [[Singapore]]. |
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Brunei claims territory in [[Sarawak]], such as [[Limbang]], and it is one of many nations to lay claim to the disputed [[Spratly Islands]]. Several small islands situated between Brunei and [[Labuan]], including [[Kuraman island]], are contested between Brunei and Malaysia. However, they are internationally recognized as part of the latter. |
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{{clear}} |
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== Districts and mukims == |
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[[Image:Brunei.geohive.gif|thumb|250px|right|Districts of Brunei]] |
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{{main|Districts of Brunei|Mukims of Brunei}} |
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Brunei is divided into 4 [[Districts of Brunei|districts]] (''daerah''): |
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* [[Belait District|Belait]] |
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* [[Brunei and Muara]] |
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* [[Temburong District|Temburong]] |
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* [[Tutong District|Tutong]] |
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The districts are subdivided into thirty-eight ''[[Mukims of Brunei|mukims]]''. |
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{{clear}} |
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==Geography== |
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[[Image:bx-map.gif|thumb|150px|right]] |
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{{main|Geography of Brunei}} |
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Brunei consists of two unconnected parts. 97% of the population lives in the larger western part, while only about 10,000 live in the mountainous eastern part (the district of [[Temburong]]). The total population of Brunei is 383,000, of which around 46,000 live in the capital [[Bandar Seri Begawan]]. Some major towns are the capital Bandar, the port town [[Muara, Brunei|Muara]], the oil producing town of Seria and its neighboring town, [[Kuala Belait]]. In the [[Belait]] district, the [[Panaga]] area is home to large numbers of expatriates due to Royal Dutch Shell and British Army housing and recreational facilities. The well-known Panaga Club is situated here. |
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The climate in Brunei is equatorial tropical, with high temperatures, high humidity, sunshine and heavy rainfall throughout the year. |
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==Economy== |
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{{main|Economy of Brunei}} |
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This small, wealthy [[economic system|economy]] is a mixture of [[foreign]] and [[Domestic policy|domestic]] entrepreneurship, government regulation, [[social welfare|welfare]] measures, and [[village]] [[tradition]]. Crude [[petroleum|oil]] and [[natural gas]] production account for nearly half of its [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]. Substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all [[medical]] services and subsidizes [[rice]] and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal [[social cohesion]] although it became a more prominent player by serving as [[chairman]] for the 2000 [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation]] (APEC) forum. Stated plans for the future include upgrading the [[labour (economics)|labour]] force, reducing [[unemployment]], strengthening the [[banking]] and [[tourism]] sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base. The national airline, [[Royal Brunei Airlines|Royal Brunei]] is trying to make Brunei a hub for international travel between Europe and Australia/New Zealand. It also has services to major Asian destinations. |
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==Demographics== |
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{{main|Demographics of Brunei}} |
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{{see also|Islam in Brunei}} |
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About two-thirds of the Brunei population are of [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]] origin and have long dominated the nation's economy. The official [[language]]s of the nation are [[Malay language|Malay]] (Malay: ''Bahasa Melayu'') and [[English language|English]], although an important minority speak [[Chinese language|Chinese]]. [[English language|English]] is also widely spoken and there is a relatively large [[expatriate]] community with significant numbers of British and Australian citizens. |
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[[Islam]] is the official [[religion]] of Brunei, and the sultan is the head of the religion in the country. Other faiths practiced are [[Buddhism]] (mainly by the Chinese), [[Christianity]], and primarily in isolated and very small communities, [[Indigenous peoples of Oceania|indigenous]] religions. |
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==Culture== |
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{{main|Culture of Brunei}} |
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The culture of Brunei finds its heritage in the culture of the [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay people]], with heavy influences from [[Hinduism]] and [[Islam]], but is seen as more conservative than [[Malaysia]]. The sale and public consumption of alcohol is banned, with foreigners and non-Muslims allowed to bring in twelve cans of beer and two bottles of spirits every time they enter the country. After the introduction of prohibition in the early 1990s, all pubs and nightclubs were forced to close.<ref>For a discussion of religious freedom, see http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71334.htm (United States Department of State).</ref> |
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===Brunei in fiction=== |
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[[Anthony Burgess]]'s novel ''[[Devil of a State]]'' is set in Brunei. The construction of [[Bandar Seri Begawan]]'s [[Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque]] is a major theme in the book. |
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==See also== |
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{{columns |width=280px |
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|col1 = |
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* [[List of Brunei-related topics]] |
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* [[Brooketon]] |
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* [[Brunei Revolt]] |
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* [[Bruneiana Collection]] |
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* [[Communications in Brunei]] |
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* [[Foreign relations of Brunei]] |
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* [[Sport in Brunei]] |
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|col2 = |
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* [[Girl Guides Association of Brunei Darussalam|Girl Guides in Brunei]] |
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* [[History of Brunei]] |
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* [[Istana Nurul Iman]]{{spaces|2}}{{smaller|(Sultan's Palace)}} |
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* [[Media of Brunei]] |
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* [[Military of Brunei]] |
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* [[Music of Brunei]] |
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|col3 = |
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* [[Persekutuan Pengakap Negara Brunei Darussalam|Scouting in Brunei]] |
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* [[North Borneo Federation]] |
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* [[Royal Brunei Airlines]] |
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* [[Transport in Brunei]] |
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* [[Universiti Brunei Darussalam]] |
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* [[Water Village (Brunei)]] |
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}} |
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== Notes and references == |
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<div class="references-small"><references/></div> |
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== Bibliography == |
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{{wikisource1911Enc|Brunei}} |
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* {{factbook}} |
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* U.S. Department of State website (2003) |
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* L. W. W. Gudgeon, ''British North Borneo'', Adam and Charles Black: London, 1913. |
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== External links == |
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*[http://www.brunei.gov.bn/index.htm Government of Brunei Darussalam] website |
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*{{CIA World Factbook_link|bx|Brunei}} |
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{{Template group |
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|title = Geographic locale |
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|list = |
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{{Countries and territories of Southeast Asia}} |
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}} |
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{{Template group |
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|title = International membership |
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|list = |
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{{ASEAN}} |
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{{East Asia Summit}} |
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{{OIC}} |
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{{Commonwealth of Nations}} |
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}} |
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<!--Categories--> |
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[[Category:Brunei| ]] |
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[[Category:Countries with alcohol prohibition]] |
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[[Category:Southeast Asian countries]] |
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[[Category:ASEAN members]] |
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[[Category:Sultanates]] |
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<!--Other languages--> |
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[[ar:بروني]] |
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[[an:Brunei]] |
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Revision as of 22:05, 16 April 2007
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