List of monarchs of Moldavia: Difference between revisions
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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Dynastic rule is hard to ascribe, given the loose traditional definition of the ruling family (on principle, princes were chosen from any branch, including a previous ruler's bastard sons - being defined as ''os de domn'' - "of [[Voivode]] marrow", or as having ''hereghie'' - "[[heredity]]" (from the [[Latin]] ''hereditas''); the institutions charged with the election, dominated by the [[boyars]], had fluctuating degrees of influence). Some sources depict a method by which parents marked their children, the heirs of the throne, with specific scars as for not to exist any doubts off the children right to rule<ref>Abraham Ortelius, ''Cartographica Neerlandica'': ''"Moldavia is a part of Walachia. Its metropolitan city is [[Suceava|Sossauia]], commonly called Sotchen. The inhabitants of this country are a fierce and cruel people, but very good soldiers, and therefore they are continually in animosity with the [[Transylvania|Transsiluanians]]. As it was the custom of the [[Thracians]] in old times to mark the Noblemen's children with a hot iron, in the same way it is reported that the Lords of Moldauia to this very day mark their children as soon as they are born, with some kind of mark, so that no question need arise whether they are the rightful heirs or not, and that strangers may be excluded from inheritance among them, as Reinerus Reineckius in his text on noble families has written."''</ref>; however, such accounts are challenged by the fact that persons born with noted physical disabilities, or even those with acquired scars, were attested to have been |
Dynastic rule is hard to ascribe, given the loose traditional definition of the ruling family (on principle, princes were chosen from any branch, including a previous ruler's bastard sons - being defined as ''os de domn'' - "of [[Voivode]] marrow", or as having ''hereghie'' - "[[heredity]]" (from the [[Latin]] ''hereditas''); the institutions charged with the election, dominated by the [[boyars]], had fluctuating degrees of influence). Some sources depict a method by which parents marked their children, the heirs of the throne, with specific scars as for not to exist any doubts off the children right to rule<ref>Abraham Ortelius, ''Cartographica Neerlandica'': ''"Moldavia is a part of Walachia. Its metropolitan city is [[Suceava|Sossauia]], commonly called Sotchen. The inhabitants of this country are a fierce and cruel people, but very good soldiers, and therefore they are continually in animosity with the [[Transylvania|Transsiluanians]]. As it was the custom of the [[Thracians]] in old times to mark the Noblemen's children with a hot iron, in the same way it is reported that the Lords of Moldauia to this very day mark their children as soon as they are born, with some kind of mark, so that no question need arise whether they are the rightful heirs or not, and that strangers may be excluded from inheritance among them, as Reinerus Reineckius in his text on noble families has written."''</ref>; however, such accounts are challenged by the fact that persons born with noted physical disabilities, or even those with acquired scars, were attested to have been banned from occupying the throne (for example, the pretender [[Nicolae Milescu]] had his nose cut off, in order to prevent his ascention) - the rule was not enforced for those princes who had been mutilated after having been elected. |
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The traditional system of election was challenged by [[usurper]]s, and became obsolete with the [[Phanariotes|Phanariote epoch]], when rulers were appointed by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Ottoman Dynasty|Sultans]]; between [[1821]] and [[1878]] (the date of Romania's independence), various systems combining election and appointement were put in practice. Moldavian rulers, like the [[List of rulers of Wallachia|Wallachian rulers]], bore the titles of '''Voivode''' or/and '''[[hospodar|Hospodar]]'''. |
The traditional system of election was challenged by [[usurper]]s, and became obsolete with the [[Phanariotes|Phanariote epoch]], when rulers were appointed by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Ottoman Dynasty|Sultans]]; between [[1821]] and [[1878]] (the date of Romania's independence), various systems combining election and appointement were put in practice. Moldavian rulers, like the [[List of rulers of Wallachia|Wallachian rulers]], bore the titles of '''Voivode''' or/and '''[[hospodar|Hospodar]]'''. |
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Revision as of 20:40, 30 June 2006
List of rulers of Moldavia, from the first mention of the medieval polity under the name of "Moldavia", and until the creation of Romania (in 1866, after the union with Wallachia of 1859).
Notes
Dynastic rule is hard to ascribe, given the loose traditional definition of the ruling family (on principle, princes were chosen from any branch, including a previous ruler's bastard sons - being defined as os de domn - "of Voivode marrow", or as having hereghie - "heredity" (from the Latin hereditas); the institutions charged with the election, dominated by the boyars, had fluctuating degrees of influence). Some sources depict a method by which parents marked their children, the heirs of the throne, with specific scars as for not to exist any doubts off the children right to rule[1]; however, such accounts are challenged by the fact that persons born with noted physical disabilities, or even those with acquired scars, were attested to have been banned from occupying the throne (for example, the pretender Nicolae Milescu had his nose cut off, in order to prevent his ascention) - the rule was not enforced for those princes who had been mutilated after having been elected.
The traditional system of election was challenged by usurpers, and became obsolete with the Phanariote epoch, when rulers were appointed by the Ottoman Sultans; between 1821 and 1878 (the date of Romania's independence), various systems combining election and appointement were put in practice. Moldavian rulers, like the Wallachian rulers, bore the titles of Voivode or/and Hospodar.
Most rulers did not use the form of the name they are cited with, and several used more than one form of their own name; in some cases, the ruler was only mentioned in foreign sources. The full names are either modern versions or ones based on mentions in various chronicles.
For later rulers, see Kings of Romania.
References
- ^ Abraham Ortelius, Cartographica Neerlandica: "Moldavia is a part of Walachia. Its metropolitan city is Sossauia, commonly called Sotchen. The inhabitants of this country are a fierce and cruel people, but very good soldiers, and therefore they are continually in animosity with the Transsiluanians. As it was the custom of the Thracians in old times to mark the Noblemen's children with a hot iron, in the same way it is reported that the Lords of Moldauia to this very day mark their children as soon as they are born, with some kind of mark, so that no question need arise whether they are the rightful heirs or not, and that strangers may be excluded from inheritance among them, as Reinerus Reineckius in his text on noble families has written."