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Revision as of 22:23, 1 July 2015

Garuda Indonesia
IATA ICAO Call sign
GA GIA INDONESIA
Founded1 August 1947 as KLM Interinsulair Bedrijf
Commenced operations26 January 1949
Hubs
Secondary hubs
Focus cities
Frequent-flyer programGarudaMiles
AllianceSkyTeam
Subsidiaries
Fleet size133
Destinations102 (54 domestic, 48 international)
Parent companyIndonesian Government (69%)[1]
via State-Owned Enterprises of Indonesia
HeadquartersSoekarno-Hatta International Airport
Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
Key people
RevenueIncrease US$3.47 billion (2012)
Operating incomeIncrease US$168.1 million (2012)
Net incomeIncrease US$110.8 million (2012)
Employees7,861 (incl. subsidiaries)
Websitegaruda-indonesia.com

Garuda Indonesia (PT. Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk IDX: GIAA) is the flag carrier of Indonesia. Named after the holy bird Garuda of Hinduism and Buddhism,also after the national emblem of Indonesia, the airline is headquartered at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in Tangerang, near Jakarta.

Founded in 1949 as KLM Interinsulair Bedrijf, the airline is now one of the world's leading airlines and the 20th member of the global airline alliance SkyTeam. It operates regularly scheduled flights to a large number of destinations in Southeast Asia, East Asia, Australia and Europe from its main hub in Jakarta, Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, as well as services to Australia and Asia from Ngurah Rai International Airport (Bali) and a large number of domestic flights from both Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport (Makassar) and Kuala Namu International Airport (Medan).[2] After a series of financial and operational difficulties in the late 1990s and early 2000s, including the in-flight murder of a human rights activist by airline staff,[3] the airline undertook a five-year modernization plan in 2009 known as the Quantum Leap, which brought with it a new livery, logo, uniforms and brand, as well as newer, more modern aircraft and facilities and a renewed focus on international markets. On 11 December 2014, Garuda was announced as a 5-star airline by Skytrax.[4]

The airline also operated a budget subsidiary Citilink which provides low-cost flights to multiple Indonesian destinations and was spun-off in 2012.[5]

History

Beginnings

Douglas DC-3 Seulawah, the first Garuda Indonesia aircraft is set for display in Taman Mini Indonesia Indah, contribution of the Acehnese people

The earliest predecessor to Garuda Indonesia was KNILM, Royal Dutch Indies Airways, founded in 1928 during the Dutch colonial period; despite the similar name, it was not a subsidiary of the main Dutch carrier KLM.[6] KNILM was dissolved in 1947, and its assets were transferred to a new KLM subsidiary, KLM Interinsulair Bedrijf (KLM Interinsular Service), which was nationalized in December 1949.[6]

Garuda Indonesia in its current institutional form had its beginnings in the Indonesian war of independence against the Dutch in the late 1940s, when Garuda flew special transports with a Douglas DC-3.[7] 26 January 1949 is generally recognized as the airline's founding date, at which time the airline was known as "Garuda Indonesian Airways." The first aircraft was a DC-3 known as Seulawah (Acehnese: "Gold Mountain", or from Arabic Shalawah, means praise/worship) and was purchased for a sum of 120,000 Malayan dollars, which was provided by the people of Aceh (notably local merchants).[8] During the revolution, the airline supported Indonesian interests, such as carrying Indonesian leaders for diplomatic missions.

The Burmese government helped the airline significantly during its beginnings. The country's national airline, Union of Burma Airways, often chartered this DC-3 for its own flights. Accordingly, upon Garuda's formal joint incorporation with KLM on 31 March 1950, the airline presented the Burmese government with a DC-3. By 1953, the airline had 46 aircraft,[7] although by 1955 its Catalina fleet had been retired. Fourteen De Havilland Heron aircraft were acquired to serve shorter range routes. In June 1956, Garuda made its first Hajj flight, operated with a Convair 340 carrying 40 Indonesians, to the city of Mecca.[7]

The name "Garuda" was derived from a Dutch poem written by a renowned Javanese scholar and poet Raden Mas Noto Soeroto; "Ik ben Garuda, Vishnoe's vogel, die zijn vleugels uitslaat hoog boven uw eilanden" which means "I'm Garuda, Vishnu's Bird, that spreads its wings high above the Islands". In Hindu mythology, Garuda is the name of Lord Vishnu's mount (vahana).

The line was mentioned by Sukarno during the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference at The Hague, from 23 August to 2 November 1949.

1960s: Growth and expansion

A Garuda Indonesia Douglas DC-8 at Kai Tak Airport.

The 1960s was a time of growth for the airline; the fleet in 1960 included eight Convair 240s, eight Convair 340s and eight Convair 440s. In 1961 three Lockheed L-188 Electras four-engined turboprop airliners were acquired, and in late 1965, three Convair 990 Coronado four-engined jet aircraft were introduced and the airline began flights to Kai Tak International Airport in Hong Kong.

After having concentrated on domestic and regional services, the first scheduled flights to Europe were added on 28 September 1963, to Amsterdam and Frankfurt. In 1965, flights to Europe were expanded to include Rome and Paris via Bombay and Cairo, using the airline's state-of-the-art Convair 990 aircraft. That year, flights to People's Republic of China started, with Garuda flying to Canton via Phnom Penh. Also in 1965, the jet age began, with the introduction of the airline's first Douglas DC-8, beginning service to Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport via Colombo, Bombay, Rome and Prague.[7]

1970s–1980s: New equipment

Douglas DC-10-30 of Garuda Indonesia at Amsterdam Airport in 1977

During the early 1970s, Garuda Indonesia introduced McDonnell Douglas DC-9 and Fokker F28 Fellowship twin-jet aircraft for its short-haul operations. At one point, the airline owned 62 F28s, holding the title for the largest operator of the F28 in the world. It then bought both the three-engined Douglas DC-10 and later, the quad-engine Boeing 747-200 for its long-haul operations.

On 21 June 1982, Garuda launched the Airbus A300B4-220FFCC, which was the first variant of the A300 capable of being operated with two pilots instead of three. By 1984, nine of these were in service, supplemented by 8 Douglas DC-10s, 24 Douglas DC-9s, 45 Fokker F-28s, and 6 Boeing 747-200s. In 1985 under Reyn Altin Johannes Lumenta Garuda made the controversial decision to hire foreign brand consultants Landor Associates to create a new logo and colour scheme for the airline, a project that cost the company millions of US dollars. This move was later on applauded as vital for the reputation and corporate identity of Garuda Indonesia as the national airline.

Under Lumenta, Garuda also increased the number of flight frequencies and destinations, reduced ticket prices and collaborated with Merpati, introducing flexible tickets valid for both Indonesian airlines.[9][10]

1990s: Difficult time for Garuda

Garuda Indonesia Boeing 747-400 at GMF AeroAsia Hangar 2

In the 1990s, Garuda purchased 9 McDonnell-Douglas MD-11s;,[7] three Boeing 747-400 aircraft and six Airbus A330 aircraft for its medium and long haul operations, as well as Boeing 737-400 aircraft for domestic and short international routes. However, it was also a turbulent time for the airline; two separate accidents in 1996 and 1997 added to the problems being caused by the 1997 Asian financial crisis, resulting in a drastic reduction in operations, including the termination of service to Los Angeles via Honolulu. Largely due to historical links with the Netherlands, Garuda continued to operate flights to Amsterdam, Frankfurt and London after the initial cutbacks, although these flights were also discontinued on 28 October 2004. The situation was exacerbated by the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks in the U.S., the Bali bombings, the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, and the SARS scare, all of which contributed to a downturn in air travel and Indonesian tourism. However, by 2005, the airline had largely recovered from its economic problems.[11]

2000–2009: Plummeting reputation and EU ban

A Garuda Indonesia Airbus A330–300 during pushback at Sultan Iskandar Muda International Airport, Banda Aceh before take off to Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

On 7 September 2004, human rights activist Munir Said Thalib, travelling to Amsterdam via Singapore on Garuda Indonesia Flight 974, was assassinated by off-duty pilot Pollycarpus Priyanto, who slipped arsenic into his drink some time before the departure of the flight's second leg to Amsterdam. He was reported to have felt unwell several hours after departure from Singapore, during which time he was checked on by a doctor who happened to be on-board, and moved to the business class cabin to sleep. He died approximately two hours before arrival into Amsterdam, sparking an international controversy, during which time Priyanto, along with CEO Indra Setiawan and deputy Rohainil Aini, were all convicted of his murder, although it has been alleged it was under orders from state intelligence agency BIN.[12][13][14] Garuda was found negligent in refusing to perform an emergency landing and was ordered to pay compensation to Munir's widow,[15] but failed to do so[16]

In June 2007, the EU banned Garuda Indonesia, along with all other Indonesian airlines, from flying into any European countries,[17][18] following the crash of a Boeing 737-400 earlier that year. With the support of the international aviation industry for all Indonesian airlines, the EU promised to review its ban and sent a team of experts, led by the European Commission's Air Safety Administrator Federico Grandini to Indonesia to consider lifting the ban.[19] In August 2007, the transportation minister of Indonesia announced that the EU would lift its ban hopefully sometime in October, stating that the ban was attributed to communication breakdown between the two parties and that discussions were in progress.

In November 2007, Garuda announced its intention to fly to Amsterdam from Jakarta and Denpasar with either Airbus A330 or Boeing 777 aircraft if the EU lifted its ban,[20] however, on 28 November 2007, the EU stated that the safety reforms already undertaken were a step in the right direction for the EU to consider lifting the ban, but still did not satisfy the EU's aviation safety standards, and thus, did not lift its ban.[21] The ban was lifted in July 2009.[22] Following the lift of the EU ban, Garuda began evaluating service to Amsterdam and other European destinations, as well as the United States.[23]

In July 2007, the Deputy of Marketing, Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Indonesia announced that Garuda Indonesia had plans to start service to India, although the date had not been determined.[24] Garuda has yet to announce service to India as of June 2015.

2009–Present: Rebirth

Comparison between Garuda's current and previous livery. Aircraft on right is in the current livery; the other two are in the airline's previous livery. (2010)

Following the lift of the EU ban against Garuda Indonesia and three other Indonesian carriers, the airline announced in July 2009 an aggressive five-year expansion plan known as the Quantum Leap.[25][26] The plan involved an image overhaul, including changing the airline's livery, staff uniform and logo, and nearly doubling the size of its fleet from 62 to 116.[25] The Quantum Leap also plans to boost passenger annual numbers to 27.6 million in the same period, up from 10.1 million at the time of program launch through increasing domestic and international destinations from 41 to 62.[25] Route expansions included Amsterdam, with a stopover in Dubai, in 2010. As of 2014, Garuda flies to Amsterdam non-stop five times a week using a Boeing 777-300ER with continuing service to London, with the sixth weekly service to be added by the end of 2015. Other European and American cities such as Frankfurt, Paris, Rome, Madrid and Los Angeles are being considered for reopening.[27][28][29][30][31]

As part of the Quantum Leap, the airline refreshed its logo and redesigned its iconic livery in 2009, more than 20 years after the last update[32] New uniforms were introduced in 2010.[33] In 2010, the airline placed a firm order for six additional Airbus A330s at the 2010 Farnborough Airshow,[34] while it opened a new hub at Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport, Makassar, South Sulawesi to increase services to the eastern part of Indonesia on 1 June 2011, its third after Jakarta and Denpasar[35]

During this time period, the airline also added additional frequencies to many of its international routes, including to Singapore, Bangkok, Beijing and Shanghai from Jakarta, while it also added capacity to Denpasar-Seoul. It also re-opened routes, including Jakarta-Taipei in 2012.

At the Paris Air Show 2011, Garuda Indonesia announced a firm order of 25 Airbus A320s with an option for another 25.[36] All 25 Airbus A320s are to be used by their subsidiary, Citilink[37]

The airline made its debut on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in February 2011,[38] with the government of Indonesian retaining a majority of the shares. PT Trans Airways bought 10.9 percent stake of Garuda Indonesia unsold IPO shares from underwriters in 27 April 2012. The transaction was valued at Rp 1.53 trillion ($166.8 million).[39]

In 2014, the airline became one of eight airlines to earn the prestigious 5 star rating from Skytrax, marking the end of the 5 year Quantum Leap program.[40]

Following CEO Emirsyah Satar's resignation and retirement, Arif Wibowo became Garuda's new CEO. After his promotion, he created a "Quick Wins" program to cut down on losses while boosting revenue through various measures, including cancelling unprofitable routes and increasing staff efficiency.[41]

Presidents and CEOs

  • Dr. E. Konijnenburg 1950–1954
  • Ir. Soetoto 1954–1959
  • Marsekal Iskandar 1959–1961
  • Partono 1961–1965
  • Soedarmono 1965–1968
  • Wiweko Soepono 1968–1984
  • Reyn Altin Johannes Lumenta 1984-1988[9]
  • Soeparno 1988–1992
  • Wage Mulyono 1992–1995
  • Soepandi 1995–1998
  • Robby Djohan 1998–1999
  • Abdul Gani 1999–2002
  • Indra Setiawan 2002–2005
  • Emirsyah Satar 2005–2014[42]
  • Arif Wibowo 2014–present

Corporate affairs and identity

The new Garuda Indonesia flight attendants' uniform, featuring kebaya and parang gondosuli batik

Branding and livery

Since its establishment, Garuda Indonesia has changed its branding and livery a few times. During the early years, Garuda color scheme was simple logotype "Indonesia Airways" with blue lines and Indonesian flag. In the 1960s, Garuda introduced a red and white color scheme in accordance to the Indonesian national identity and the Indonesian flag. Also in this period "Garuda Indonesian Airways" introduced a bird logo: a triangle stylized eagle-like Garuda with red and white shield. The logo was painted on the vertical stabilizer of Garuda's fleet from 1961 to 1969. In the 1970s, a logotype with a unique font replaced the triangular eagle as Garuda's corporate identity, along with a new color scheme consisting of a red and orange "hockey stick" line running along the aircraft's windows and vertical stabilizer. This livery used from 1969 to 1985.

In 1985, Garuda underwent a complete branding makeover, changing its name into "Garuda Indonesia" along with its color scheme, logo and logotype. The new branding and livery was created by Landor Associates who also created the new iconic bird logo: the Garuda symbol with five bent lines forming its wings.[43] The color scheme was changed completely to a deep royal blue and aqua color, said to be inspired by the nature of Indonesia that was dominated by tropical greenery and seas when viewed from the air. The nationalistic red and white color scheme was no longer used.

In 2009, a new branding initiative was launched through a new image, developed once again by brand consultant Landor Associates, a new spin of the idea called "nature's wing".[43] Garuda has since replaced the old logo painted on its fleet vertical stabilizer with this new "nature's wing" graphic of blue and aqua shades. The "nature's wing" graphic was inspired by the wings of tropical birds as well as the ripples of waves upon the water. The iconic bird symbol designed by Landor 24 years earlier is still maintained as Garuda Indonesia's logo, however the logotype which type this is Myriad pro font is changed completely. The new look is expected to be able to "Capture the Spirit of Friendliness and Professionalism of Indonesia".

To celebrate its 62 years of service on 26 January 2011, Garuda Indonesia painted 2 of its Boeing 737-800 aircraft with the retro liveries the airline used in the 1960s and 1970s.

For the company slogan, there are several slogans that were used in the past:

  • Garuda Indonesia, Kini Lebih Baik (Now Better)
  • Garuda Indonesia, Permata Nusantara (Jewel of The Archipelago)
  • Garuda Indonesia, Nusantara Bangsa (The Archipelago Nation)
  • Garuda Indonesia, Bangga Bersamanya (Proud of you Together)

The current slogan is:

  • Garuda Indonesia, The Airline of Indonesia
Gallery of Garuda Indonesia logos
File:Garuda Indonesia 1949.png
1949-1969
1969-1985
1985-2009
2009-present
Gallery of Garuda Indonesia liveries
A Douglas DC-3 Seulawah RI-001, with simple "Indonesia Airways" logotype, Indonesian flag and blue lines (1949-1961)
A Convair 990 at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport in 1965 with triangular bird logo (1961-1969)
A Douglas DC-8-55 at Paris Le Bourget Airport in 1970 with Garuda logotype (early 1970s transition livery)
McDonnell Douglas DC-10 in 1985 with red and orange color scheme (1969-1985)
Airbus A330-300 at Ngurah Rai Airport in 2005 (1985-2009)
Boeing 737-800 with blue and white color scheme livery at Perth Airport (2009–present)
This set of images shows the evolution of Garuda Indonesia's livery.

Head office

Garuda Indonesia has its head office at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia,[44][45] near Cengkareng and near Jakarta.[46] The head office is the Garuda Indonesia Management Building, located within the Garuda Indonesia City Center. The about 17,000-square-metre (180,000 sq ft) head office facility is on a 5-hectare (12-acre) plot of land. As of 2009, the head office houses the Garuda management and about 1,000 employees from various units. Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono opened the current Garuda head office in 2009.[47] The previous head office was located in the city center of Jakarta, in Central Jakarta.[47][48][49]

Privatization

Garuda Indonesia had announced that its subsidiary, GMF AeroAsia would be listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2008. However, due to financial crisis in 2008, GMF delayed IPO until 2009. The Ministry of State-Owned Companies (Kementrian BUMN) also had announced a plan to privatize Garuda, that opened a possibility to offer its shares publicly. Garuda Indonesia aimed to list on 11 February 2011, for an Initial Public Offering.[50] Government of Indonesia has confirmed the IPO price of Garuda Indonesia at Rp.750 per share and also cut offering size to 6.3 billion shares only from 9.362 billion planned before.[51]

Subsidiaries

Garuda Indonesia’s subsidiaries include:

Garuda Indonesia Group[52][53]
Company Type Principal activities Country Group's Equity Shareholding
Citilink Subsidiary Low-cost airline Indonesia 100%
GMF AeroAsia Subsidiary Aircraft Maintenance Indonesia 100%
PT. Aerowisata Subsidiary Travel, hotel, transportation and catering services Indonesia 100%
PT. Abacus Distribution Systems Indonesia Subsidiary Computer reservation provider Indonesia 100%
PT. Gapura Angkasa Subsidiary Ground handling service Indonesia 58,75%[54]
PT. Aero Systems Indonesia Subsidiary IT provider and solutions Indonesia 100%
Cargo Garuda Indonesia Strategic Business Unit Cargo Indonesia 100%
Garuda Sentra Medika Strategic Business Unit Aircrew health services Indonesia 100%

Destinations

Main article: Garuda Indonesia destinations

On 13 October 2009, Garuda Indonesia announced they would resume flights to Europe for the first time after removal from the E.U. blacklist. The flight, numbered flight GA88, commenced operations on 1 June 2010, flew from Jakarta to Amsterdam, with a refueling stop in Dubai, operated by an Airbus A330-200.[55][56] On 2 December 2012, after announcing a codeshare deal with Etihad Airways, the airline changed the refueling stop to Abu Dhabi.[57] After joining Skyteam alliance, Garuda launched non-stop service from Jakarta to Amsterdam starting on 30 May 2014 in order to better utilize the benefits of wide network which Amsterdam Airport Schiphol has. As a result, the airline ended flights to Abu Dhabi, leaving Etihad as the sole operator between Jakarta and Abu Dhabi.[58]

On 8 September 2014, Garuda Indonesia began service between Jakarta and London-Gatwick with a stop in Amsterdam service using Boeing 777-300ER aircraft.[59][60]

The airline also has plans to open routes to Manila, and Mumbai although exact opening dates have yet to be determined.[61]

In 2011, Garuda flew 17.1 million passengers up 39% from last year, while the total revenue jumped 38% to Rp27.1 trillion ($2.95 billion). Composition of passengers on domestic routes and international routes was 81% versus 19% respectively.[62]

Garuda and Gallant Venture are developing a new hub for domestic and international flights to Europe and the Far East on a 177-hectare area on Bintan Island that includes a new airport, runway and maintenance facility. It will relieve the Soekarno-Hatta International Airport which is at full capacity.[63]

Codeshare agreements and alliances

Codesharing has allowed Garuda Indonesia to expand services into Western Europe and the Middle East. In 2009 Garuda Indonesia expressed an interest in joining the SkyTeam airline alliance, which would make it the second airline in Southeast Asia to join after Vietnam Airlines. Membership would open SkyTeam's network to Indonesian, Australian, and New Zealand markets. In December 2009, three SkyTeam members – Korean Air, KLM, and Delta Air Lines – committed to supporting Garuda Indonesia to join SkyTeam. This made Garuda Indonesia eligible to apply for membership in the alliance. On 23 November 2010, Garuda Indonesia signed an agreement to join SkyTeam. The airline became the 20th member of the alliance on 5 March 2014.[64]

Garuda Indonesia offers flights to 28 other international destinations through codeshare agreements with (as of April 2015):

On 19 June 2007, Garuda Indonesia and Hainan Airlines began codesharing in a bid to strengthen both airlines' marketing positions in Indonesia and People's Republic of China.[68] In this agreement, Garuda Indonesia will be the operating partner on the Jakarta-Beijing (vv) service, flying five times a week using a new A330-200.

An interline agreement between Garuda Indonesia and Australian airline Virgin Blue (now Virgin Australia) was confirmed in November 2007. This facilitates travel for passengers connecting from a Virgin Australia domestic flight to a Garuda Indonesia international service departing from either Sydney, Melbourne or Perth.[69]

On June 2008, it was announced that Garuda Indonesia would increase services between Australia and Bali. From 25 June, Garuda Indonesia added an extra flight between Darwin and Denpasar, bringing the total number of services to three per week. Additionally, a fourth flight from Melbourne to Denpasar began on 22 July. On 2 September, another extra service departed from Melbourne to bring the total number of flights per week to five, and a sixth flight left from Sydney. This extra capacity was in response to an increase in the number of Australians who traveled to Bali in the first quarter of 2008, marking a resurgence in Balinese tourism, which was hard hit by the 2002 and 2005 Bali bombings.[70]

On August 2008, a codeshare agreement between Singapore Airlines and the airline on route between Singapore and Denpasar was established. Singapore Airlines is the operating carrier.

A partnership agreement with Etihad Airways was announced on 16 October 2012. The partnership includes a codeshare agreement for a total of 36 flights between the two airlines; subject to Government Regulatory Approval. Reciprocal Frequent Flyer programmes were also part of the agreement, allowing passengers to earn miles flying both Garuda Indonesia and Etihad Airways. Garuda Indonesia subsequently shifted its Dubai operations to Abu Dhabi as to compliment the agreement.[57][71]

During the APEC summit on 7 October 2013, a codeshare agreement between Garuda Indonesia and Aeromexico was announced, allowing passengers to travel from Jakarta to Mexico City via Tokyo and vice versa. Under the codeshare agreement, Aeromexico would place its flight numbers on Garuda Indonesia's Jakarta-Tokyo flights while Garuda Indonesia would place its flight numbers on Aeromexico's Tokyo-Mexico City flights.[72]

On 19 November 2013, a codeshare agreement was announced between Garuda Indonesia and Jet Airways of India. Under the codeshare agreement, Jet Airways would place its flight numbers on Garuda Indonesia flights between Jakarta and Singapore while Garuda Indonesia would place its flight numbers on Jet Airways flights between Singapore and Mumbai, Delhi and Chennai. The two airlines also announced a reciprocal Frequent Flyer programme partnership, allowing passengers to earn miles flying both Garuda Indonesia and Jet Airways.[73]

On 19 December 2013, Garuda Indonesia and Japan's All Nippon Airways announced a partnership agreement encompassing codeshare flights as well as reciprocal Frequent Flyer programmes. Under the codeshare agreement, ANA passengers arriving in Jakarta would be able to transfer to 10 destinations in Indonesia on board Garuda Indonesia flights, while Garuda Indonesia passengers arriving in Tokyo or Osaka would be able to transfer to 11 destination in Japan on board ANA flights.[74]

Explore and Explore Jet sub-brands

As Indonesia's flag carrier, Garuda Indonesia tries to connect many parts of Indonesia to support the government's "Indonesian Interconnectivity" program. However, there are many remote and smaller airports that cannot be reached by Garuda Indonesia's fleet of Boeing 737-800s. This is caused by the lack of airport infrastructure in smaller cities and remote areas, such as insufficient runway length that mostly less than 1,600 meters.

In line with its Quantum Leap plan, Garuda Indonesia ordered brand-new Bombardier CRJ1000 "Explore-jet" and leased ATR 72 "Explore" to reach smaller airports from Garuda's hub like Ngurah Rai International Airport, Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport, and Kuala Namu International Airport. On 25 November 2013, Garuda Indonesia has launched its new sub-brands "Explore" and "Explore Jet", and opening shorter range lines to connects Indonesian islands. These new lines such as from Denpasar on to Labuan Bajo, Ende, and Bima, as well as from Makassar and Ambon to remote destinations in those regions.[75] This popularly called perintis ("pioneer") lines traditionally served by other government-owned airlines — (dormant) Merpati Nusantara Airlines and also its competitor Wings Air.

The 20th SkyTeam Member

On 5 March 2014, Garuda Indonesia officially joined the SkyTeam Alliance and becomes its 20th member. The inclusion of Garuda Indonesia adds 40 new destinations to SkyTeam’s global network and strengthens the alliance presence in Southeast Asia and Australia.To Commemorate the event,an Airbus A330-243 and a Boeing 737-8GP is painted with the "SkyTeam" Grey livery.[76] With the arrival of Garuda Indonesia to SkyTeam, a variety of facilities are given as including SkyPriority, as well as changing its current frequent flyer membership into GarudaMiles. In addition Garuda was connected with 140 new destinations. By this time, the journey will be much faster. Garuda has also teamed up with the world's major airlines, such as KLM, Air France, Delta Air Lines, Aeroflot, China Airlines, Aeroméxico and Saudia.[77]

Fleet

Garuda Indonesia's Current Fleet
Boeing 737-800, used almost in all regional routes
Airbus A330-200, used primarily on medium haul routes and some domestic routes
Boeing 777-300ER, the flagship type of the airline, used on long haul routes
Bombardier CRJ1000, used in pioneer routes for airports still capable of handling jet airliners.
ATR 72-600, used in pioneer routes for airports unable of handling jet aircraft.

All of Garuda Indonesia's aircraft are maintained by GMF AeroAsia.[78] The Boeing customer code for Garuda Indonesia is U3, which appears in their aircraft designation as a suffix, such as 737-5U3, 737-8U3NG, 747-4U3 and 777-3U3ER

The airline's longest flight is between Jakarta and Amsterdam using Boeing 777-300ER aircraft. The airline also had plans to start service to London non-stop in 2013, but later shifted to a one-stop service via Amsterdam, using AMS as its hub for "Europe and beyond", utilizing SkyTeam partner flights to other destinations.

Currently, the airline utilizes the Airbus A330-200s on flights to East Asian and Australian flights originating from Jakarta, Airbus A330-300s for Australian and East Asian routes originating from Bali, Boeing 737-800 on most domestic and regional routes, and the Bombardier CRJ1000 NextGen on regional domestic sectors. The Boeing 777-300ERs entered service in July 2013 and as of 1 July 2015 are being used on the Jakarta-Jeddah route, Jakarta - Denpasar, Denpasar - Tokyo-Narita and Jakarta - Amsterdam - London-Gatwick route.

The last Boeing 737 Classic aircraft was retired in 2015, after being kept around to operate to airports that could not handle the newer Boeing 737-800. They were phased out following the arrival of the Bombardier CRJ1000 NextGen.

The ATR 72-600 turboprop entered service at the end of 2013, serving new inter-island routes to airports in the eastern part of Indonesia that cannot handle jet aircraft, routes that are traditionally served by other airlines.[79]

Garuda plans to retire the 12 oldest Boeing 737-800 aircraft (PK-GEx registration) it received at the beginning of its Quantum Leap plan, along with the six oldest A330-300 aircraft it took delivery of in the late 1990s with new A330s on order. The airline has instead decided on retrofitting its ealy A330-300s with an all-economy cabin configuration with 360 seats, to be used on routes from Surabaya, Medan, Makassar and Balikpapan to Jeddah. Retrofitting has commenced and is to be completed by August 2015. The airline has plans to take delivery of more new aircraft in the future, with an order for 50 Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft (46 new, 4 conversions from existing -800 order)[80] announced on 12 October 2014, and signing a Letter of Intent (LoI) to purchase 90 new aircraft from Boeing and Airbus (30 737 MAX 8, 30 A350 XWB, 30 787-9 Dreamliner) worth $20 billion at list prices.[81]

As of June 2015, the Garuda Indonesia fleet consists the following aircraft:[82][83][84]

Garuda Indonesia Fleet
Aircraft In Service Orders Passengers Notes
F C Y Total
ATR 72–600 10 15 — — 70 70 Operated as Garuda Indonesia sub-brand "Explore"
Airbus A330-200 10 — — 36 186 222 4 aircraft are equipped with Thales IFE system, while the other 6 aircraft equipped with Panasonic IFE system.

Excluding 1 aircraft leased to Beijing Capital Airlines

Airbus A330-300 11 13 — 36 215 251 36/215 is the new configuration with flat bed seats in Executive class. PK-GPF in SkyTeam Livery.
42 215 257
Boeing 737-800 80 3 — 12 144 156 12 aircraft (PK-GEx series aircraft) do not have in-seat AVOD and use overhead TVs. These are planned to be retired soon.
PK-GMH in SkyTeam Livery.
2 aircraft are painted in the Retro Livery.
148 160
150 162
Boeing 737 MAX 8 — 50[85] TBA Replacing 737-800.
First delivery in 2017.
Boeing 777-300ER 7 3 8 38 268 314 Used on long haul flights and some short haul flights (Jakarta to Denpasar/Bali). Last 3 aircraft will be delivered in a 2-class configuration.[86]
— 26 367 393
Bombardier CRJ1000 NextGen 15 3 — 12 84 96 Operated as Garuda Indonesia sub-brand "Explore Jet"
PK-GRA in SkyTeam Livery
Total 133 87
Previously operated[87]
Aircraft Introduced Retired Notes
Airbus A300B4-200FF 1982 2002 Launch customer.
One crashed at Medan.
Airbus A300-600R 1990 2001
Boeing 737-300 1989 2015 Replaced by Boeing 737-800 and Bombardier CRJ1000 NextGen.
Boeing 737-400 1992 2012 Replaced by Boeing 737-800. Two sold to the air force as VIP transport aircraft.
One was written off in Yogyakarta.
Boeing 737-500 1997 2015 Replaced by Boeing 737-800 and Bombardier CRJ1000 NextGen.
Boeing 747-200 1980 2002 Replaced by Boeing 747-400.
Boeing 747-400 1994 2015 Replaced by Boeing 777-300ER
Consolidated PBY-5A Catalina 1950 1953
Convair 240 1950 1965
Convair 340 1952 1968 The first Hajj flight was operated by this aircraft.
Convair 440 1956 1970
Convair 990 1962 1975 First jet aircraft in fleet.
One crashed at Mumbai.
de Havilland Heron 1952 1956 Launch customer.
Douglas DC-3 1949 1970 First aircraft model in the fleet.
Douglas DC-8-50 1966 1980
Fokker F27-200 1967 1975 One crashed at Lampung.
Fokker F28 Mk-1000 1969 1983 Replaced by Fokker F28 Mk-3000.
3 crashed in 1975-1982.
Fokker F28 Mk-3000 1973 1998 Launch customer.
Fokker F28 Mk-4000 1978 2001
Lockheed L-188 Electra 1960 1977 One crashed at Manado.
McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30 1970 1993 Replaced by Boeing 737s. One hijacked.
One preserved for display use.
McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 1973 2004 One written-off in Fukuoka.
McDonnell Douglas MD-11 1990 1998

Services

Garuda Indonesia is a full-service airline featuring economy, business (branded as 'executive') and first classes. The airline began to introduce new premium products and services with the arrival of the Airbus A330-200 and Boeing 737-800 aircraft. First class cabins were introduced in 2013 on board the Boeing 777-300ER with Wi-Fi and telecommunication services on board.[88]

Cabin

First class

First class is available on all Boeing 777-300ERs, featuring 8 suites arranged in a 1-2-1 configuration. The first class suites are fitted with 24" AVOD screen and seats that converts into a bed. A new chef-on-board service will enhance the dining experience. First Class passengers can use in-flight Wi-Fi connectivity at no cost. It has a seat pitch of 82 inches and a seat width of 22 inches.[89][90][91]

File:Garuda Indonesia First Class VOD.Jpg
Garuda Indonesia's Brand New First Class VOD
Executive Class[92]

Executive Class, Garuda's business class product, is available on all aircraft except ATR 72.

Garuda Indonesia Boeing 777-300ER Executive Class

The new Executive Class cabin on-board Garuda's Boeing 777-300ERs are fitted with EADS Sogerma flat-bed seats arranged in a staggered 1-2-1 configuration; allowing for direct aisle access to all Executive Class passengers. These seats features with 73" of seat pitch, 15" AVOD screen, USB ports, in-seat laptop power supply, and personal reading light. Turndown service are also offered.

On-board Airbus A330s, the Executive Class cabin are equipped with flat-bed seats on the older -200s and lie-flat seats on all -300s and newer -200s. These seats feature a 6-degree incline, 74" seat pitch and a recline of up to 180 degrees. Seats are equipped with personal AVOD In-Flight Entertainment System (IFE), USB ports, in-seat laptop power supply, and personal reading light. Executive Class seats on board Garuda's Airbus A330 series aircraft are configured in a 2-2-2 configuration.

Garuda's newer Boeing 737-800 aircraft also features a new Executive Class product with 42" of seat pitch in a 2-2 layout, equipped with an in-seat laptop power supply, personal 9-inch touch-screen & handset activated AVOD In-Flight Entertainment, and personal reading light.

Garuda's Boeing 747-400 and Boeing 737 Classic aircraft feature refurbished older Executive Class seats in new colors. Executive Class seats of Garuda's Boeing 747-400 feature 46" - 48" seat pitch and 19" seat width, while the Executive Class seats of Garuda's Boeing 737 Classic aircraft have 41" - 44" seat pitch and 19" seat width. Portable Media Players are provided on-board Garuda's Boeing 747-400 aircraft operating the Jakarta-Jeddah route.

A range of hot and cold beverages are available, along with snacks and/or meals, depending on the length of the flight. Wine and beers are also offered on international flights. In July 2011, Garuda Indonesia launched the Indonesian Rijsttafel service in Executive Class as part of its signature in-flight services.[93] This signature dining service introduces the passengers to a wide array of Indonesian cuisine in a single setting, as part of the Garuda Indonesia experience. This in-flight Indonesian Rijsttafel includes varieties of Indonesian signature dishes; choices of nasi kuning or regular steamed rice, accompanied with choices of dishes such as satay, rendang, gado-gado grilled chicken rica, red snapper in yellow acar sauce, fried shrimp in sambal, potato perkedel and tempeh, along with kerupuk or rempeyek crackers.[94]

In-flight entertainment

File:Garuda Indonesia Screen 3.JPG
A Garuda Indonesia PTV In-Flight Entertainment in the new Economy Class on Boeing 737-800, Airbus A330-300 & younger A330-200 aircraft.

In-Flight Entertainment (IFE) is available on board selected Garuda Indonesia aircraft.

Garuda's Boeing 777-300ER, Airbus A330s, and newer Boeing 737-800 aircraft are equipped with Audio video on demand In-Flight Entertainment System in all classes. The Economy Class on these aircraft features a 9-inch LCD touch-screen, while the Executive Class features a 9-inch, 11-inch and 15-inch touch-screen LCD in Garuda's Boeing 737-800, older Airbus A330-200, and all remaining Airbus A330 series aircraft respectively. In Executive Class on board the Airbus A330-300 and newer A330-200 aircraft, the screens are located on the seat backs or in the armrest of bulkhead rows, while in the older Airbus A330-200 aircraft and Boeing 737-800s, the screens are stowed in the armrest. In Economy Class, they are on the seat back.[95]

Garuda's Boeing 747-400 aircraft are equipped with cabin screens that shows Airshow (a moving map system to allow passengers to track the progress of their flight), as well as featured films and short movies. Audio programmings are also available. Passengers in Executive Class can order portable media players (AVOD system) from flight attendants.

Newspapers and magazines are provided to all passengers on board all flights.[96] 6 international television channels are available on board the Boeing 777-300ER.[97]

Immigration On-Board (IoB)

Immigration on Board (IoB) is a special service created by Garuda Indonesia to provide more convenience for their passengers traveling to Indonesia. With this service, in cooperation with the Directorate General of Immigration, along with Indonesian Ministry of Law and Human Rights, Garuda Indonesia passengers on certain long haul flights can complete their immigration process on-board before landing and disembarking.

By utilizing this service, Garuda Indonesia passengers will no longer have to queue at the immigration counter upon arrival at Ngurah Rai International Airport in Denpasar or Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in Jakarta, affording passengers the benefit of saving their precious time.[97][97]

Ticketing

Garuda Indonesia Ticket Sales Counter at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport

A Jakarta-based 24-hour call center is available for local customer access where payment can be made by credit cards, internet/mobile banking or transfer via ATM. Recently online booking from their website is also possible with payment can be made online with credit cards from select countries.

In April 2011, Garuda Indonesia announced plans to develop online sales. Garuda Indonesia had cooperated with Visa and Mastercard to develop an online credit card payment system, allowing customers to use Paypal. Debit card payments may be processed with Bank Mandiri, BCA or BII.[98][99]

Frequent-flyer program

Garuda Frequent Flyer was launched in September 1999.[100] In 2005, Garuda Indonesia relaunched its frequent-flyer program called Garuda Frequent Flyer (GFF) with a new look, benefits and services. The new program allows members to earn miles on domestic and international flights and has four tiers of membership covering GFF Junior, Blue, Silver, Gold, and Platinum status levels. Since June 2011 Garuda Indonesia launched a joint frequent flyer program with Korean Air. Members of the Garuda Frequent Flyer (GFF) program and Korean Air’s SkyPass program will benefit from the cooperation by accruing mileage for flying both Korean Air and Garuda or any Garuda–Korean Air code share flights.[101]

From 27 March 2014, due to joining SkyTeam, Garuda Indonesia announced that Garuda Frequent Flyer renamed as GarudaMiles.[102][103] Currently, GFF Gold and Platinum members whose membership expires in February, are being sent their new card under GarudaMiles, with other GFF members following soon.[104] Before joining SkyTeam, GFF members could earn/redeem their miles with (besides Garuda & Citilink) Korean Air, Eithad Airways, Air France-KLM (Flying Blue), and Jet Airways[105][106]

Executive lounge

Garuda Indonesia Executive Lounge at Hang Nadim International Airport

The Garuda Executive Lounge is open to passengers travelling in Executive Class, as well as those holding a Gold or Platinum Garuda Frequent Flyer card. Starting in 2011, passengers with an Executive Card Plus card or Garuda Indonesia Citibank credit card can no longer gain access to the lounge. Lounges are located at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport and throughout Indonesia, offering food and drinks, wireless internet, showers, meeting rooms and business services.[107]

Sponsorships

Until 2010, Garuda sponsors the Indonesian Robotic Olympiad, a regional version of the World Robot Olympiad, where the winning teams receive free flights towards the location of the World Robot Olympiad. Garuda Indonesia still sponsors each Indonesian teams for the World Robot Olympiad until now. Garuda Indonesia was the official sponsor of the 2011 SEA Games. Garuda Indonesia also support the "Wonderful Indonesia" tourism campaign by placing the "Wonderful Indonesia" logo in their promotion materials as well as on the hull of their fleet.[108]

Garuda Indonesia Airbus A330-300 in Liverpool FC onboard marking at Liverpool John Lennon Airport

In July 2012, Garuda Indonesia signed a 3-year sponsorship deal with Premier League club Liverpool FC. The agreement gives Garuda Indonesia the right to be the Official Partner of Liverpool Football Club and the Official Global Airline Partner of Liverpool Football Club. In addition, a six-minute advertisement video of Garuda Indonesia will be broadcast during matches held at the Liverpool FC home ground, Anfield, for the 2012-2014 season.[109][110]

Awards

In 2010, the Center for Asia-Pacific Aviation (CAPA) named Garuda Indonesia as Asia's leading service quality airline. Skytrax awarded the airline the World's Most Improved in 2012. This is the beginning of a string of accolades recognizing the success of the airline Quantum Leap program. Roy Morgan survey named Garuda Indonesia the Best International Airline surpassing several distinguished airlines, such as: Singapore Airlines, Emirates and Air New Zealand with 91% of respondents gave a 'very satisfied' rating.[111] The airline achieved Platinum level recognition from the League of American Communications Professionals (LACP) on its annual report.[112] In July 2012, Garuda Indonesia was recognized as the World’s Best Regional Airline by the global airline review and ranking consultancy, Skytrax.[113]

In 2013, Skytrax awarded Garuda Indonesia the world's best economy class for its service and product at the Paris Airshow 2013. For the first time, Garuda Indonesia ranked 8th in the Skytrax "The World’s Top 10 Airlines". During the "Passenger Choice Award 2013" held in September 2013 in Anaheim, California, organized by "Airline Passenger Experience Association (APEX)", Garuda Indonesia was distinguished as the "Best in Region: Asia and Australasia".[114]

In July 2014, Skytrax awarded Garuda Indonesia "The World’s Best Cabin Staff" recognition. The award was based on a global customer satisfaction survey conducted on 18 million passengers between the period of August 2013 and May 2014. The recently launched First Class, on Boeing 777-300ER, was ranked the 9th world's best first class, the 6th world's best first class seat, and the 3rd world's best first class amenity kits by Skytrax in 2014. Overall, Garuda Indonesia was ranked 7th on the 2014 Skytrax "Best Airlines Awards", an improvement from the 8th position in 2013.[115]

In September 2014, APEX (Airline Passenger Experience Association) awarded Garuda Indonesia as "Best Airline in Asia & Australasia" at the 2014 Passenger Choice Award; along with Cathay Pacific, EVA Air, Korean Air, and Singapore Airlines.[116] In the same month, Garuda Indonesia also got Gold Award from the Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA), for their immigration on board (IOB) service and their service quality and it is called as "Garuda Indonesia Experience".[117]

In December 2014, just before Emirsyah Satar announced his resignation and retirement, Garuda Indonesia was awarded as a "5-Star Airline" by Skytrax; along with Singapore Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Qatar Airways, Hainan Airlines, Asiana Airlines, and All Nippon Airways, achieving a new milestone for the Indonesian National Flag Carrier.[40][118] In June 2015, Garuda Indonesia was awarded with "The World's Best Cabin Crew" by Skytrax.[119]

Incidents and accidents

File:Kecelakaan Garuda 7-3-07.JPG
Tail of Flight 200 Boeing 737-400.

See also

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