Timeline of historic inventions: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 21:52, 20 February 2003
This is a list of inventions, listed in chronological order.
Significant inventions not assigned
Significant modern inventions, arranged in chronological order
Note: Dates for inventions are often controversial. Inventions are often invented by several inventors around the same time, or may be invented in an impractical form many years before another inventor improves the invention into a practical form. Where there is ambiguity, the date of the first practical, fielded, version of the invention should be used here.
pre-7,000 BC
4,000 BC: picto-lingustic writing
- Bronze
- Sumerian picto-graphic writing
pre-3480 BC
- tents
- cultivation of grains
- domestication of animals
- pictograms
- sledges - Scandinavia
- the wheel and wheeled vehicles
- levers
- pure samples of carbon, [copper]], iron , gold, mercury , lead, silver, sulphur tin and zinc in use
- the plow
3100 BC: Egyptian hierglyphics
- Chinese ideograms
- Drainage and Sewage system in India
- Dams, canals, stone sculptures using inclined plane and lever in Sumeria
- Pyramids in Ancient Egypt. See also Eygptology
- Bablyonian calander modifications to account for the precession of the stars
- True astrolonomical observation - Mesopotamia
- Spherical geometry in Babylon
2000 BC: Cretan writing
- Babylonian cuneiform
- Code of hammurbi - invention of codified municipal law
1700 BC: Linear A - Hagia Triada
1500 BC: Phonetic spelling developed by Phoenicians
1400 BC: Linear B - mainland Greece or Knossus
900 BC: Rustproof Iron - India
600 BC: Discovery of irrational numbers
460 BC : First Atomic Theory - Democritus
410 BC: heliocentic solar system with spherical Sun ,Moon, Venus, Mercury, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn - Philolaus
350 BC: rotation of Earth -Hereclides
c. 225 BC: measurement of Circumference of the Earth - Eratosthenes
- Archimedes
- Specific gravity
- concept of limit
- Archimedean solids
- false attribution of hydraulic screw pump as archimedes screw
- parabolic mirror weapon
150 BC: Astrolabe - Hipparchus
100 BC: Glass-blowing in Syria
- Gunpowder (in China: used mostly for fireworks)
- 1249: Gunpowder formula: Roger Bacon
- 15th century: Rifle
- 1450: Moveable type: Johann Gutenberg
- 1480: Nautical astrolabe: Martin Behaim
- 1480: Parachute: Leonardo da Vinci
- 1608: Refracting telescope: Hans Lippershey
- 1609: Telescope: Galileo Galilei
- 1611: Telescope: Johannes Kepler
- 1620: Slide rule: William Oughtred
- 1642: Adding machine: Blaise Pascal
- 1643: Barometer: Evangelista Torricelli
- 1645: Vacuum pump: Otto von Guericke
- 1657: Pendulum clock: Christiaan Huygens
- 1705: Engine - steam piston: Thomas Newcomen
- 1709: Piano: Bartolomeo Cristofori
- 1710: Thermometer: René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur
- 1714: Mercury thermometer: Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
- 1730: Mariner's quadrant: Thomas Godfrey
- 1731: Sextant: John Hadley
- 1733: Flying shuttle: John Kay
- 1742: Franklin stove: Benjamin Franklin
- 1750: Flatboat: Jacob Yoder
- 1752: Lightning rod: Benjamin Franklin
- 1762: Iron smelting process: Jared Eliot
- 1767: Spinning Jenny: James Hargreaves
- 1769: Steam engine: James Watt
- 1775: Submarine The Turtle: David Bushnell
- 1777: Card making machine: Oliver Evans
- 1777: Circular saw: Samuel Miller
- 1779: Spinning Mule: Samuel Crompton
- 1785: Power loom: Edmund Cartwright
- 1785: Automatic flour mill: Oliver Evans
- 1783: Multitubular boiler engine: John Stevens
- 1783: Bifocals: Benjamin Franklin
- 1783: Hot air balloon: Montgolfier brothers
- 1784: Shrapnel shell: Henry Shrapnel
- 1785: Parachute: Jean Pierre Blanchard
- 1787: Non-condensing high pressure Engine: Oliver Evans
- 1791: Steamboat: John Fitch
- 1790: Cut and head nail machine: Jacob Perkins
- 1793: Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney
- 1793: Moldboard plow: Thomas Jefferson
- 1793: Optical telegraph: Claude Chappe
- 1797: Cast iron plow: Charles Newbold
- 1798: Vaccination: Edward Jenner
- 1799: Seeding machine: Eliakim Spooner
1800s
- 1800: Electric battery: Alessandro Volta
- 1802: Screw propeller steamboat Phoenix: John Stevens
- 1805: Torpedo: Robert Fulton
- 1805: Refrigerator: Oliver Evans
- 1807: Steamboat Clermont: Robert Fulton
- 1808: Band saw: William Newberry
1810s
- 1811: Gun- Breechloader: Thornton (?)
- 1816: Miner's safety lampDavy lamp:Humphry Davy
- 1816: Hand printing press: George Clymer
- 1816: Metronome: Johann Nepomuk Maelzel (reputed)
- 1817: Kaleidoscope: David Brewster
- 1819: Breech loading flintlock: John Hall
- 1819: Stethoscope: Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec
- 1822: Artificial teeth: C.M. Graham
- 1823: Electromagnet: William Sturgeon
- 1827: Insulated wire: Joseph Henry
- 1827: Friction match: John Walker
- 1826: Photography: Joseph Nicephore Niepce
1830s
- 1830: Locomotive in U.S., Tom Thumb: Peter Cooper
- 1831: Multiple coil magnet: Joseph Henry
- 1831: Magnetic acoustic telegraph: Joseph Henry
- 1831: Reaper: Cyrus McCormick
- 1834: Electric motor: Thomas Davenport
- 1835: Photogenic Drawing: William Henry Fox Talbot
- 1835: Revolver: Samuel Colt
- 1835: Morse code: Samuel Morse
- 1836: Improved screw propeller: John Ericsson
- 1837: Photography: Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre
- 1837: Steel plow: John Deere
- 1838: Electrical telegraph: Charles Wheatstone
- 1839: Vulcanization of rubber: Charles Goodyear
- 1840: Ship w/subwater machinery Princeton: John Ericsson
- 1840: artificial fertilizer: Justus von Liebig
- 1842: Anaesthesia: Crawford Long
- 1843: Typewriter: Charles Thurber
- 1844: Telegraph: Samuel Morse
- 1845: Portland cement: William Aspdin
- 1845: Double tube tire: Robert Thomson
- 1846: Sewing machine: Elias Howe
- 1846: Rotary printing press: Richard M. Hoe
- 1849: Safety pin: Walter Hunt
- 1849: Hydraulic turbine: James B. Francis
- 1852: Airship: Henri Giffard
- 1852: Passenger elevator: Elisha Otis
- 1852: Gyroscope: Léon Foucault
- 1853: Glider: Sir George Cayley
- 1855: Bunsen burner: Robert Bunsen
- 1856: Steel process: Henry Bessemer
- 1858: Undersea telegraph cable: Fredrick Newton Gisborne
- 1858: Shoe sole sewing machine: Lyman R. Blake
- 1858: Mason jar: John Mason
- 1859: Oil drill: Edwin L. Drake
- 1860: Linoleum: Fredrick Walton
- 1860: Repeating rifle: Oliver F. Winchester
- 1860: Repeating rifle: Christopher Spencer
- 1861: Ironclad Monitor: John Ericsson
- 1861: Furnace for steel: Wilhelm von Siemens
- 1862: Revolving machine gun: Richard J. Gatling
- 1863: Player piano: Henri Fourneaux
- 1864: Sleeping car: George Pullman
- 1865: Compression ice machine: Thaddeus Lowe
- 1866: Dynamite: Alfred Nobel
- 1867: Practical Typewriter: Christopher L. Sholes
- 1868: Typewriter: Carlos Glidden, James Densmore and Samuel Soule
- 1868: Air brake: George Westinghouse
- 1868: Lawn mower: Hills Budding Ferrabee (???)
- 1868: Oleomargarine: Mege Mouries
- 1869: Vacuum cleaner: I.W. McGaffers
- 1870: Magic Lantern movie projector: Henry R. Heyl
- 1870: Stock ticker: Thomas Alva Edison
- 1871: Cable car on rails: Andrew S. Hallidie
- 1871: Compressed air rock drill: Simon Ingersoll
- 1872: Celluloid: John W. Hyatt
- 1872: Adding machine: Edmund D. Barbour
- 1874: Electric street car: Stephen Dudle Field
- 1874: Barbed wire: Joseph Glidden
- 1875: Barbed wire: Jacob Haish
- 1875: Dynamo: William A. Anthony
- 1875: Gun- magazine: B. Hotchkiss
- 1875: Automobile, experimental: Siegfried Marcus
- 1876: Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell
- 1876: Telephone: Elisha Gray
- 1876: Carpet sweeper: Melville Bissell
- 1876: Gasoline carburettor: Daimler
- 1877: Induction motor: Nikola Tesla
- 1877: Phonograph: Thomas Alva Edison
- 1877: Electric welding: Elihu Thomson
- 1878: Cathode ray tube: William Crookes
- 1878: Transparent film: Eastman Goodwin
- 1879: Incandescent Light bulb: Thomas Alva Edison
- 1879: Automobile engine: Karl Benz
- 1879: Cash register: James Ritty
- 1879: Automobile Patent: George B. Seldon ... note did NOT invent auto
- 1880: Photophone: Alexander Graham Bell
- 1880: Roll Film: George Eastman
- 1880: Safety Razor: Kampfe Brothers
- 1880: Seismograph: John Milne
- 1881: Electric welding machine: Elihu Thomson
- 1882: Electric fan: Schuyler Skatts Wheeler
- 1882: Electric flat iron: Henry W. Seely
- 1883: Auto engine - compression ignition: Gottlieb Daimler
- 1884: Linotype machine: Ottmar Mergenthaler
- 1884: Fountain pen: Lewis Waterman
- 1884: Punched card accounting: Herman Hollerith
- 1884: Trolley car, electric: Frank Sprague, Karel Van de Poele
- 1885: Automobile, differential gear: Karl Benz
- 1885: Motor cycle: Gottlieb Daimler
- 1885: Alternating current transformer: William Stanley
- 1886: Gasoline engine: Gottlieb Daimler
- 1887: Monotype machine: Tolbert Lanston
- 1887: Record disk: Emile Berliner
- 1887: Automobile, gasoline: Gottlieb Daimler
- 1888: Polyphase AC Electric power system: Nikola Tesla (30 related patents.)
- 1888: Kodak hand camera: George Eastman
- 1888: Ballpoint pen: John Loud
- 1888: Pneumatic tube tire: John Boyd Dunlop
- 1888: Harvester-thresher: Matteson (?)
- 1888: Kinematograph: Augustin Le Prince
- 1889: Automobile, steam: Sylvester Roper
- 1890: Pneumatic Hammer: Charles B. King
- 1891: Automobile Storage Battery: William Morrison
- 1891: Submarine: John Holland
- 1891: Zipper: Whitcomb Judson
- 1891: Carborundum: Edward G. Acheson
- 1892: Color photography: Frederic E. Ives
- 1892: Automobile, electric: William Morrison
- 1892: Automobile, gasoline: Duryea Brothers
- 1892: Automatic telephone exchange (electromechanical): Almon Strowger - First in commercial service.
- 1893: Photographic gun: E.J. Marcy
- 1893: Half tone engraving: Frederick Ives
- 1895: Phatoptiken projector: Woodville Latham
- 1895: Phantascope: C. Francis Jenkins
- 1895: Disposable blades: King C. Gillette
- 1895: Diesel engine: Rudolf Diesel
- 1895: Radio signals: Guglielmo Marconi
- 1896: Vitascope: Thomas Armat
- 1896: Turbine, steam: Charles Curtis
- 1896: Electric stove: William S. Hadaway
- 1897: Automobile, magneto: Robert Bosch
- 1899: Automobile self starter: Clyde J. Coleman
- 1899: Magnetic tape recorder: Valdemar Poulsen
- 1899: Gas turbine: Charles Curtis
- 1900: Rigid dirigible airship: Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin
- 1901: Improved wireless transmitter: Reginald Fessenden
- 1901: Mercury vapor Lamp: Peter C. Hewitt
- 1901: Paper clip: Johan Vaaler
- 1902: Radio magnetic detector: Guglielmo Marconi
- 1902: Radio telephone: Poulsen Reginald Fessenden
- 1902: Rayon cellulose ester: Arthur D. Little
- 1903: Electrocardiograph EKG: Willem Einthoven
- 1903: Powered Airplane: Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright
- 1903: Bottle machine: Michael Owens
- 1904: Thermionic valve: John Ambrose Fleming
- 1904: Separable Attachment Plug: Harvey Hubbell
- 1905: Radio tube diode: John Ambrose Fleming
- 1906: Triode amplifier: Lee DeForest
- 1907: Radio amplifier: Lee DeForest
- 1907: Radio tube triode: Lee DeForest
- 1907: Vacuum cleaner, electric: James Spangler
- 1907: Washer, electric: Alva Fisher (Hurley Corporation)
- 1909: Monoplane: Henry W. Walden
- 1909: Bakelite: Leo Baekeland
- 1909: Gun silencer: Hiram Maxim
- 1911: Gyrocompass: Elmer A. Sperry
- 1911: Automobile self starter (perfected): Charles F. Kettering
- 1911: Air conditioner: Willis Haviland Carrier
- 1911: Cellophane: Jacques Brandenburger
- 1911: Hydroplane: Glenn Curtiss
- 1912: Regenerative radio circuit: Edwin H. Armstrong
- 1913: Improved X-Ray: William D. Coolidge
- 1913: Double acting wrench: Robert Owen
- 1913: Cracking process for Gasoline: William M. Burten
- 1913: Gyroscope stabilizer: Elmer A. Sperry
- 1913: Geiger counter: Hans Geiger
- 1913: Radio receiver, cascade tuning: Ernst Alexanderson
- 1913: Radio receiver, heterodyne: Reginald Fessenden
- 1914: Radio transmitter triode mod.: Ernst Alexanderson
- 1914: Liquid fuel rocket: Robert Goddard
- 1914: Tank, military: Ernest Dunlop Swinton
- 1915: Filament Tungsten: Irving Langmuir
- 1915: Searchlight arc: Elmer A. Sperry
- 1915: Radio tube oscillator: Lee DeForest
- 1916: Browning Gun: John Browning
- 1916: Thompson submachine gun: John T. Thompson
- 1916: Incandescent gas lamp: Irving Langmuir
- 1917: Sonar echolocation: Paul Langevin
- 1918: Super heterodyne: Edwin H. Armstrong
- 1918: Radio crystal oscillator: A.M. Nicolson
- 1918: Toaster: Charles Strite
- 1919: the Theremin: Leon Theremin
- 1922: RADAR: Robert Watson-Watt Taylor Young Breit Tuve
- 1922: Technicolor: Herbert T. Kalmus
- 1923: Arc tube: Alexanderson
- 1923: Sound film: Lee DeForest
- 1923: Television Electronic: Philo Farnsworth
- 1923: Wind tunnel: Max Munk
- 1923: Autogyro: Juan de la Cierva
- 1925: Theodor Svedberg develops the ultra-centrifuge, thereby revolutionizing the determination of molecular weights
- 1925: Television Iconoscope: Vladimir Zworykin
- 1925: Television Nipkow System: C. Francis Jenkins
- 1925: Telephoto: C. Francis Jenkins
- 1926: Television Mechanical Scanner: John Logie Baird
- 1927: Mechanical cotton picker: John Rust
- 1928: sliced bread: Otto Frederick Rohwedder
- 1928: Radio beacon: Donovan (?)
- 1928: Electric dry shaver: Jacob Schick
- 1929: Electroencephelograph (EEG): Hans Berger
- 1929: Antibiotics
- 1930: Neoprene: Wallace Carrothers
- 1930: Nylon: Wallace Carrothers
- 1931: the Radio telescope: Karl Jansky Grote Reber
- 1932: Polaroid glass: Edwin H. Land
- 1935: microwave radar: Robert Watson-Watt
- 1935: Spectrophotometer: Arthur C. Hardy
- 1935: Casein fiber: Earl Whittier Stephen
- 1935: Hammond Organ: Laurens Hammond
- 1937: Jet engine: Frank Whittle Hans von Ohain
- 1938: Fiberglass: Games Slayter John H. Thomas
- 1939: FM radio: Edwin H. Armstrong
- 1939: Helicopter: Igor Sikorsky
- 1942: Bazooka Rocket Gun: L. A. Skinner C. N. Hickman
- 1944: Electron spectrometer: Deutsch Elliot Evans
- 1944: the digital computer
- 1945: Nuclear weapons (but note: chain reaction theory: 1933)
- 1947: Transistor: William Shockley, Walter Brattain, John Bardeen
- 1948: Long Playing Record: Peter Goldmark
- 1948: Polaroid camera: Edwin Land
- 1949: Atomic clocks
- 1952: fusion bomb: Edward Teller
- 1953: maser: Charles Townes
- 1954: first nuclear power reactor
- 1954: geodesic dome: Buckminster Fuller
- 1958: the Integrated circuit: Jack Kilby, Robert Noyce
- 1960: lasers: Theodore Maiman
- 1962: Communications satellites: Arthur C. Clarke
- 1960s: Packet switching: Donald Davies and Paul Baran
- 1969: the Internet
- 1970: Fiber optics
- 1971: the Microprocessor
- 1971: the Pocket calculator
- 1973: Ethernet: Bob Metcalfe and D. R. Boggs
- 1977: the personal computer (dated from Commodore PET)
- 1979: the Walkman: Akio Morita, Masaru Ibuka, Kozo Ohsone
- 1979: the cellular telephone (first commercially fielded version, NTT)
- 1993: Global Positioning System
- 1997: the personal audio recorder: Ashwin Kochiyil Philips of Lydstrom (dated from Lydstrom SongBank)
- put significant 21st century inventions here
See also
Other Technology Timelines
- Timeline of agriculture and food technology
- Timeline of clothing and textiles technology
- Timeline of communication technology
- Timeline of lighting technology
- Timeline of low temperature technology
- Timeline of materials technology
- Timeline of microscope technology
- Timeline of motor and engine technology
- Timeline of photography technology
- Timeline of rocket and missile technology
- Timeline of temperature and pressure measurement technology
- Timeline of time measurement technology
- Timeline of transportation technology
- Timeline of underwater technology