This is a list of inventions, listed in chronological order.
See wikipedia:naming conventions for a guide for how to name articles and links.
Significant ancient inventions
- agriculture
- the aqueduct
- the arch
- central heating
- the clock
- the compass
- gunpowder
- the inclined plane
- irrigation
- the lever
- paper
- the plow
- Pottery
- the pulley
- the screw
- the stirrup
- stone tools
- the wedge
- the wheel
- writing
To be merged
Note: The following are from the Timeline of general technology article -- please merge them into this list.
- 7000 BC - Pottery is invented
- 700 BC - Invention of aqueducts
- 640 BC - Invention of coins
- 400 BC - Catapults are invented in Syracuse
- 150 BC - Hipparchus invents the astrolabe
- 100 BC - Glass-blowing is discovered in Syria
- 700 - Windmills are invented in Persia
- 1050 - Crossbow is invented in France
- 1249 - Roger Bacon states formulas for gunpowder
- 1346 - Cannon come into wide use
- 1480 - Martin Behaim introduces the nautical astrolabe
- 1480 - Leonardo da Vinci describes a workable parachute
- 1645 - Otto von Guericke builds the first vacuum pump
- 1731 - John Hadley invents the sextant
- 1800 - Alessandro Volta announces his invention of the electric battery
- 1823 - William Sturgeon invents the electromagnet
- 1840 - Justus von Liebig invents artificial fertilizer
- 1867 - Alfred Nobel patents dynamite
- 1880 - John Milne invents the seismograph
- 1885 - William Stanley invents the alternating current transformer
- 1903 - Konstantin Tsiolkovsky begins a series of papers discussing the use of rocketry to reach outer space, space suits, and colonization of the solar system
- 1917 - Paul Langevin develops a sonar echolocation system
- 1925 - Theodor Svedberg develops the ultra-centrifuge, thereby revolutionizing the determination of molecular weights
- 1935 - Robert Watson-Watt devises a microwave radar
- 1945 - First nuclear fission bomb exploded at the Trinity test site, about sixty miles northwest of Alamogordo, New Mexico
- 1952 - First thermonuclear fusion bomb exploded
- 1952 -Wernher von Braun discusses the technical details of a manned exploration of Mars in The Mars Project
- 1953 -Charles Townes makes the first maser
- 1954 - Construction of the first nuclear power reactor
Significant modern inventions, arranged in chronological order
Note: Dates for inventions are often controversial. Inventions are often invented by several inventors around the same time, or may be invented in an impractical form many years before another inventor improves the invention into a practical form. Where there is ambiguity, the date of the first practical, fielded, version of the invention should be used here.
- 10th century: Gunpowder (in China: used mostly for fireworks)
- 15th century: the Rifle
- 1450: Moveable type: Gutenburg
- 1593: Thermometer: Galileo
- 1595: the microscope
- 1608: the refracting Telescope: Lippershey
- 1609: Telescope: Galileo
- 1611: Telescope: Kepler
- 1620: Slide rule: Oughtred
- 1642: Adding machine: Blaise Pascal
- 1643: Barometer: Torricelli
- 1657: Pendulum clock: Huygens
- 1705: Engine - steam piston: Newcomen
- 1709: Piano: Cristofori
- 1710: Thermometer: Reaumur
- 1714: Mercury thermometer: Fahrenheit
- 1730: Mariner's quadrant: Thomas Godfrey
- 1733: Flying shuttle: Kay
- 1742: Franklin stove: Benjamin Franklin
- 1750: Flatboat: Jacob Yoder
- 1752: Lightning rod: Benjamin Franklin
- 1762: Iron smelting process: Rev. Jared Eliot
- 1767: Spinning Jenny: Hargreaves
- 1769: Steam engine: James Watt
- 1775: Submarine The Turtle: David Bushnell
- 1777: Card making machine: Oliver Evans
- 1777: Circular saw: Miller
- 1779: Spinning Mule: Crompton
- 1785: Power loom: Cartwright
- 1785: Automatic flour mill: Oliver Evans
- 1783: Multitubular boiler engine: John Stevens
- 1783: Bifocals: Benjamin Franklin
- 1783: hot air Balloon: Montgolfier
- 1784: Shrapnel shell: Henry Shrapnel
- 1785: Parachute: Blanchard
- 1787: Non-condensing high pressure Engine: Oliver Evans
- 1791: Steamboat: John Fitch
- 1790: Cut and head nail machine: Jacob Perkins
- 1793: Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney
- 1793: Moldboard plow: Thomas Jefferson
- 1797: Cast iron plow: Charles Newbold
- 1798: Vaccination: Edward Jenner
- 1799: Seeding machine: Eliakim Spooner
- 1800: Electric battery: Volta
- 1802: ScrewPropeller Steamboat Phoenix: John Stevens
- 1805: Torpedo: Robert Fulton
- 1807: Steamboat Clermont: Robert Fulton
- 1808: Band saw: Newberry
- 1811: Gun- Breechloader: Thornton
- 1816: Miner's safety lampDavy lamp:Humphry Davy
- 1816: Hand printing press: George Clymer
- 1816: Metronome: Malzel
- 1817: Kaleidoscope: Brewster
- 1819: Breech loading flintlock: John Hall
- 1819: Stethoscope: Laenec
- 1822: Artificial teeth: C.M. Graham
- 1825: Electromagnet: Sturgeon
- 1827: Insulated wire: Joseph Henry
- 1827: Friction match: John Walker
- 1826: Photography
- 1830: 1st US locomotive Tom Thumb: Peter Cooper
- 1831: Multiple coil magnet: Joseph Henry
- 1831: 1st magnetic acoustic telegraph: Joseph Henry
- 1831: Reaper: Cyrus McCormick
- 1834: Electric motor: Thomas Davenport
- 1835: Photography: Talbot
- 1835: Revolver: Samuel Colt
- 1835: Morse code: Samuel Morse
- 1836: Improved screw propeller: John Ericsson
- 1837: Photography: Daguerre
- 1837: Steel plow: John Deere
- 1838: electric Telegraph:
- 1839: Photography: Niepce
- 1839: Vulcanization of rubber: Charles Goodyear
- 1840: Ship w/subwater machinery Princeton: John Ericsson
- 1842: Anaesthesia
- 1843: Typewriter: Charles Thurber
- 1844: Telegraph: Samuel Morse
- 1845: Portland cement: Aspdin
- 1845: Double tube tire: Thomson
- 1846: Sewing machine: Elias Howe
- 1846: Rotary printing press: Richard M. Hoe
- 1849: Safety pin: Walter Hunt
- 1849: Hydraulic turbine: Francis
- 1852: Airship: Giffard
- 1852: Passenger elevator: Elisha G. Otis
- 1852: Gyroscope: Foucault
- 1855: the Bunsen burner: Bunsen
- 1856: Steel process: Bessemer
- 1858: the undersea telegraph cable
- 1858: Shoe sole sewing machine: Lyman R. Blake
- 1858: Mason jar: Mason
- 1859: Oil drill: Edwin L. Drake
- 1860: Linoleum: Walton
- 1860: Repeating rifle: Oliver F. Winchester
- 1860: Repeating rifle: Spencer
- 1861: Ironclad Monitor: John Ericsson
- 1861: Furnace for steel: Siemens
- 1862: Revolving machine gun: Richard J. Gatling
- 1863: Player piano: Fourneaux
- 1864: Sleeping car: George Pullman
- 1865: Compression ice machine: Thaddeus Lowe
- 1866: Dynamite: Alfred Nobel
- 1867: Practical Typewriter: Christopher L. Sholes
- 1868: Typewriter: Soule, Glidden
- 1868: Air brake: George Westinghouse
- 1868: Lawn mower: Hills
- 1868: Oleomargarine: Mege Mouries
- 1869: Vacuum cleaner: I.W. McGaffers
- 1870: Magic Lantern movie projector: Henry R. Heyl
- 1870: Stock ticker: Thomas Alva Edison
- 1871: Cable car: Andrew S. Hallidie
- 1871: Compressed air rock drill: Ingersoll
- 1872: Celluloid: John W. Hyatt
- 1872: Adding machine: Edmund D. Barbour
- 1873: Refrigerator
- 1874: Electric street car: Stephen Dudle Field
- 1874: Barbed wire: Glidden
- 1875: Barbed wire: Haisn
- 1875: Dynamo: William A. Anthony
- 1875: Gun- magazine: Hotchkiss
- 1875: Automobile, experimental: Marcus
- 1876: Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell
- 1876: Telephone: Elisha Gray
- 1876: Carpet sweeper: Melville Bissell
- 1876: Gasoline carburettor: Daimler
- 1877: Induction motor: Nikola Tesla
- 1877: Electric welding: Thomson
- 1878: Cathode ray tube: Crookes
- 1878: Phonograph: Thomas Alva Edison
- 1878: Transparent film: Eastman Goodwin
- 1879: Incandescent Light bulb: Thomas Alva Edison
- 1879: Automobile engine: Benz
- 1879: Cash register: Ritty
- 1879: Automobile Patent: George B. Seldon ... note did NOT invent auto
- 1880: Photophone: Bell
- 1880: Roll Film: George Eastman
- 1880: Safety Razor: Kampfe Brothers
- 1881: Electric welding machine: Elihu Thomson
- 1882: Electric fan: Schuyler Skatts Wheeler
- 1882: Electric flat iron: Henry W. Seely
- 1883: Auto engine - compression ignition: gnit. Daimler
- 1884: Linotype machine: Ottmar Mergenthaler
- 1884: Fountain pen: Waterman
- 1884: Punched card accounting: Herman Hollerith
- 1884: Trolley car, electric: Sprague, Van de Poele
- 1885: AC transformer: Stanley
- 1885: Automobile, differential gear: Benz
- 1885: Motor cycle: Daimler
- 1886: Gasoline engine: Daimler
- 1887: Monotype machine: Tolbert Lanston
- 1887: Record disk: Emile Berliner
- 1887: Automobile, gasoline: Daimler
- 1888: Kodak hand camera: George Eastman
- 1888: Ballpoint pen: Loud
- 1888: Pneumatic tube tire: Dunlop
- 1888: Harvester-thresher: Matteson
- 1888: Kinematograph: Augustin Le Prince
- 1889: Automobile, steam: Roper
- 1890: Pneumatic Hammer: Charles B. King
- 1891: Automobile Storage Battery: William Morrison
- 1891: Submarine: Holland
- 1891: Zipper: Judson
- 1891: Carborundum: Edward G. Acheson
- 1892: Color photography: Frederic E. Ives
- 1892: Automobile, electric: Morrison
- 1892: Automobile, gasoline: Duryea
- 1893: Photographic gun: E.J. Marcy
- 1893: Half tone engraving: Ives
- 1895: Phatoptiken projector: Woodville Latham
- 1895: Phantascope: C. Francis Jenkins
- 1895: Disposable blades: King C. Gillette
- 1895: Diesel engine: Diesel
- 1895: Radio signals: Marconi
- 1896: Vitascope: Thomas Armat
- 1896: Turbine, steam: Curtis
- 1896: Electric stove: William S. Hadaway
- 1897: Automobile, magneto: Bosch
- 1899: Automobile self starter: Clyde J. Coleman
- 1899: Magnetic tape recorder: Poulsen
- 1899: Gas turbine: Curtis
- 1900: Rigid dirigible airship: Zeppelin
- 1901: Improved wireless transmitter: Reginald Fessenden
- 1901: Mercury vapor lLamp: Peter C. Hewitt
- 1901: paper clip
- 1902: Radio magnetic detector: Marconi
- 1902: Radio telephone: Poulsen Reginald Fessenden
- 1902: Rayon cellulose ester: Arthur D. Little
- 1903: Electrocardiograph EKG: Einthoven
- 1903: Airplane: Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright
- 1903: Bottle machine: Owens
- 1904: the Thermionic valve
- 1904: Separable Attachment Plug: Harvey Hubbell
- 1905: Radio tube diode: Fleming
- 1906: Triode amplifier: Lee DeForest
- 1907: Radio amplifier: Lee DeForest
- 1907: Radio tube triode: Lee DeForest
- 1907: Vacuum cleaner, electric: Spangler
- 1907: Washer, electric: Hurley
- 1909: Monoplane: Henry W. Walden
- 1909: Bakelite: Leo H. Baekeland
- 1909: Gun silencer: Maxim, H.P.
- 1911: Gyrocompass: Elmer A. Sperry
- 1911: Automobile self starter (perfected): Charles F. Kettering
- 1911: Air conditioner: Carrier
- 1911: Cellophane: Brandenburger
- 1911: Hydroplane: Glenn Curtiss
- 1912: Regenerative radio circuit: Edwin H. Armstrong
- 1913: Improved X-Ray: William D. Coolidge
- 1913: Double acting wrench: Owen
- 1913: Cracking process for Gasoline: William M. Burten
- 1913: Gyroscope stabilizer: Elmer A. Sperry
- 1913: Geiger counter: Geiger
- 1913: Radio receiver, cascade tuning: Alexanderson
- 1913: Radio receiver, heterodyne: Reginald Fessenden
- 1914: Radio transmitter triode mod.: Alexanderson
- 1914: Liquid fuel rocket: Robert Goddard
- 1914: Tank, military: Swinton
- 1915: Filament Tungsten: Irving Langmuir
- 1915: Searchlight arc: Elmer A. Sperry
- 1915: Radio tube oscillator: Lee DeForest
- 1916: Gun- browning: Browning
- 1916: Thompson submachine gun: John T. Thompson
- 1916: Incandescent gas lamp: Langmuir
- 1918: Super heterodyne: Edwin H. Armstrong
- 1918: Radio crystal oscillator: Nicolson
- 1918: Toaster: Strite
- 1919: the Theremin
- 1922: RADAR: Taylor Young Breit Tuve
- 1922: Technicolor: Herbert T. Kalmus
- 1923: Arc tube: Alexanderson
- 1923: Sound film: Lee DeForest
- 1923: Television Electronic: Philo Farnsworth
- 1923: Wind tunnel: Munk
- 1925: Television Iconoscope: Vladimir Zworykin
- 1925: Television Nipkow System: C. Francis Jenkins
- 1925: Telephoto: C. Francis Jenkins
- 1926: Television Mechanical Scanner: Baird
- 1927: Mechanical cotton picker: John Rust
- 1928: sliced bread: Otto Frederick Rohwedder
- 1928: Radio beacon: Donovan
- 1928: Autogiro: Harold F. Picairn
- 1928: Electric dry shaver: Jacob Schick
- 1929: Electroencephelograph (EEG): Berger
- 1929: Antibiotics
- 1930: Neoprene: Carrothers
- 1930: Nylon: Carrothers
- 1931: the Radio telescope
- 1932: Polaroid glass: Edwin H. Land
- 1935: Spectrophotometer: Arthur C. Hardy
- 1935: Casein fiber: Earl Whittier Stephen
- 1935: Hammond Organ: Laurens Hammond
- 1937: Jet aircraft: Frank Whittle
- 1938: Fiberglass: Games Slayter John H. Thomas
- 1939: FM radio: Edwin H. Armstrong
- 1939: Helicopter: Igor Sikorsky
- 1942: Bazooka Rocket Gun: L. A. Skinner C. N. Hickman
- 1944: Electron spectrometer: Deutsch Elliot Evans
- 1944: the digital computer
- 1945: Nuclear weapons (but note: chain reaction theory: 1933)
- 1947: Transistor: Shockley, Brattein, Bardeen
- 1948: Long Playing Record: Peter Goldmark
- 1948: Polaroid camera: Edwin Land
- 1949: Atomic clocks
- 1958: the Integrated circuit
- 1960: lasers: Theodore Maiman
- 1962: Communications satellites
- 1960s: Packet switching
- 1969: the Internet
- 1970: Fiber optics
- 1971: the Microprocessor
- 1971: the Pocket calculator
- 1973: Ethernet
- 1977: the personal computer (dated from Commodore PET)
- 1979: the Walkman
- 1979: the cellular telephone (first commercially fielded version, NTT)
- 1989: the World Wide Web
- 1993: Global Positioning System
- put significant 21st century inventions here
Significant modern inventions, date as yet unknown or not noted
List in alphabetical order:
- please add more inventions to this alphabetical list...
- please add dates to inventions in this list and transfer them to the chronological list above...
External links: