Jump to content

B-segment

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Shhhnotsoloud (talk | contribs) at 10:47, 3 July 2021 (Remove inappropriate hatnote, wikilink). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.
"Supermini" redirects here. For other uses, see Supermini (disambiguation).
Ford Fiesta hatchback
Toyota Yaris/Vios sedan

The B-segment is the second smallest of the European segments for passenger cars between the A-segment and C-segment, and commonly described as "small cars".[1][2][3] The term also described the subcompact category widely known in North America, the A0-class in China, and the supermini category for B-segment hatchbacks in Great Britain.[4][5][6] B-segment cars may include hatchback, sedan/saloon, station wagon, coupe/convertible, MPV, and crossover/SUV body styles.[7][8]

In 2018, the B-segment or subcompact cars (excluding SUVs) represented 12.5 percent of total car sales in the global market, a decrease from 12.7 percent in 2017.[9]

Definition

The European segments are not based on size or weight criteria.[2] In practice, B-segment cars have been described as having a length of approximately from 3.7 metres (145.7 in) up to 4.2 metres (165.4 in), and may vary depending on the body styles, markets, and era.[5][10][11] In some cases, the same car may differently positioned depending to the market.[10]

The Euro NCAP vehicle class called "Supermini" also includes smaller A-segment cars alongside B-segment cars.[12]

While the term "B-segment" originated from Europe along with other Euro car segments, the usage of the term is not limited to the European region. It has been referenced by manufacturers during development and marketing,[13][14] and by journalists in many regions to avoid the usage of other potentially ambiguous terms such as subcompact, small, or compact.[15]

Body styles

Hatchback

Honda Fit/Jazz
Mini Cooper Hatch

Hatchback is the most popular body style for the segment. With a global sales of around 6.3 million cars, B-segment hatchbacks contributed around 63 percent of total B-segment sales in 2019.[16]

While the majority is equipped with five doors, many European-oriented hatchbacks was offered with both three-door and five-door versions, with 31 percent of European customers opting for three-door B-segment hatchbacks by 2007. The share has decreased to 13 percent in 2016 due to the shift of market preference which is moving towards prioritizing usability and practicality.[17] As the result, by late 2010s, a number of manufacturers had stopped offering three-door versions of its B-segment hatchback models in Europe.[18]

Hot hatch

See also: Hot hatch
Volkswagen Polo GTI
Toyota GR Yaris

Performance-oriented versions of B-segment hatchbacks may be developed and sold as a more expensive offering. Examples include the Ford Fiesta ST, Hyundai i20 N, Peugeot 208 GTi, Suzuki Swift Sport, Toyota GR Yaris, Volkswagen Polo GTI, among others.[19][20]

Sedan

Dacia Logan
Nissan Versa/Almera/Sunny

At 3.27 million units sold, around 32 percent of total B-segment global sales in 2019 was contributed by B-segment sedans.[16] Some examples are the Dacia Logan sedan, Honda City sedan, Kia Rio sedan, Nissan Versa/Almera/Sunny, Toyota Vios/Yaris sedan, and Volkswagen Virtus, most of these examples has a hatchback counterpart.

Station wagon

Škoda Fabia Combi
Dacia Logan MCV

Station wagon or estate body style represented less than 4 percent of total B-segment sales in 2019, with a figure of 360,000 cars.[16] Current examples of B-segment station wagons include the Dacia Logan MCV and Škoda Fabia Combi,[21] while past examples are the Peugeot 207 SW, Renault Clio Estate and Toyota Tercel Wagon.

Coupe/convertible

Mini Cooper Convertible
Peugeot 207 CC

Current examples of B-segment-sized coupes or convertibles include the Mini Cooper Cabrio/Convertible, and past examples include the Volkswagen Beetle, Peugeot 207 CC, Ford Puma sport compact, and Toyota Paseo.[16]

MPV/minivan

Main article: Mini MPV
Renault Modus
Honda Freed

B-segment MPV (also called mini MPV or B-MPV) are taller and/or longer derivatives of B-segment hatchbacks with an emphasis in interior space and practicality.[22] Some larger models may offer three-row seating and sliding doors.[23] Examples are the Citroën C3 Picasso, Fiat 500L, Ford B-Max, Toyota Roomy, and Renault Modus, while three-row models include the Chevrolet Spin, Honda Freed, and Toyota Sienta.[22][24]

Crossover/SUV

Main articles: Subcompact crossover SUV and Mini SUV
Ford EcoSport
Audi Q2[25]

B-segment crossovers or SUVs (also called subcompact crossover SUV, small SUV,[26] or B-SUV[27]) are crossovers/SUVs that has a dimensions on par or slightly larger than traditional B-segment cars,[28] and often are built on the same platform as B-segment hatchbacks or sedans.[29][30][31] B-segment SUVs are usually excluded by analysts from traditional B-segment car sales.[16][32] 22 percent of SUV global sales were contributed by B-segment SUVs in 2019.[16]

Europe

The B-segment is the largest segment in Europe by volume, accounting for 20 percent of total car sales in January 2020 according to JATO Dynamics.[33]

In Britain, the term "supermini" is more widely used for B-segment hatchbacks.[34] The term was developed in the 1970s as an informal categorisation,[35] and by 1977 was used regularly by the British newspaper The Times.[36] By the mid-1980s, it had widespread use in Britain.[37][38][39]

In Germany, the term "small cars" (Template:Lang-de) has been endorsed by the Federal Motor Transport Authority (Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt [de], KBA) equivalent to the B-segment.[40][41] The segment accounts for 15.1 percent of total car registrations in the country in 2020.[42]

History

The Fiat 127 has been regarded as the pioneer of supermini, predating the "B-segment" term.
1990–1998 Renault Clio I

The term supermini, which precedes the B-segment term emerged in the UK in the 1970s, as car manufacturers sought a new design to surpass the influential Mini, launched in 1959, and journalists attempted to categorise such a vehicle.[43][44] The car which is widely regarded as the first modern supermini is the Fiat 127, launched in 1971.[45][46][47] This was initially sold only as a two-door saloon, but it became available as a three-door hatchback the following year and within a few more years the hatchback version had eclipsed the saloon from which it was derived.[48] The Fiat 127 was followed by the Renault 5, VW Polo and Honda Civic, which are similar in concept and size.

These supermini or B-segment cars was considered to feature better comfort and convenience, with the safety and surefootedness of the Mini’s front-wheel drive/transverse engine package. That meant the addition of a hatchback and folding rear seats, and a vastly more comfortable driving position. The oil crisis in the 1970s was also argued to increase supermini market share.[49]

In 1976, Ford launched the Ford Fiesta which became popular for its fun-to-drive aspect, versatility, and low running costs.[50][51] The segment began to be more popular in the 1980s.[50] By the mid-1980s, the term supermini had become established as a formal car classification term,[52] eventually being adopted in European Commission classification as the B-segment.[53]

The 1990 Renault Clio and 1994 Fiat Uno were significant models in the supermini or the B-segment, being the recipients of the European Car of the Year award.[54][55] The Clio replaced the long-running Renault 5, although the latter remained in production until 1996.[56] In 1993, the Nissan Micra (K11), became the first Japanese car company to be receive the European Car of the Year award.[57] In 1999, the Toyota Yaris received the European Car of the Year award, and was noted for its high roof which allowed for improved interior space.[58] Another notable model is the Opel Corsa, which was the best-selling car in the world in the year 1998 thanks to its extensive international presence, being assembled in four continents and sold under five different marques of General Motors. It recorded a global sales of 910,839 units that year, in which 54 percent were contributed by its European sales.[59] It took the world number one spot from the Toyota Corolla which stood at 906,953 sales.[60]

Safety features has gotten increasingly better for vehicles in the segment. In 1995, both petrol and diesel B-segment vehicles had only around 40 percent of the listed safety options installed (side impact bars, driver/passenger airbag, side airbag, ABS, electronic braking system, stability control), whereas by 2010 they were averaging over 90 percent. It represents a significant improvement on vehicle safety over the period, despite petrol and diesel B-segment vehicles averaged an inflation adjusted price of only 6 percent and 15 percent respectively.[61]

Powertrain

Diesel engine

In Europe, diesel engines for B-segment cars were relatively common. In 2007, diesel B-segment cars shows a 15 percent growth year-on-year mainly due to European emission standards at the time that focuses on CO2 emissions, in which diesel engines has a natural advantage.[62] However, recent emission standards and higher costs has put pressures to diesel cars, which led to the decrease of diesel B-segment car market share along with diesel cars in general.[63][64] By 2020, the Volkswagen Polo and Ford Fiesta are no longer offered with a diesel engine option.[65][66]

Electric

The Renault Zoe is one of the first mass-market B-segment electric car in Europe.[67]

Due to slim profit margins, choice of electric cars in the B-segment in 2010s were scarce since many manufacturers avoided investments on electric cars in the segment.[68] One of the first modern, mass-market electric B-segment car is the Renault Zoe, released in 2012. Global sales of the Zoe achieved the 50,000 unit milestone in June 2016,[69] and 200,000 unit by March 2020.[70][71] Other manufacturers followed suit, for example Groupe PSA that introduced the Peugeot e-208 and Opel Corsa-e in 2019,[72] Honda with the low-volume Honda e,[73] and the Mini Electric.[68]

Performance

Studies from the European Union and JATO has found that the average maximum power output of B-segment vehicles has increased by 40 percent between 1995 and 2010, while the average overall vehicle weight only increased by around 20 percent in the same period. Fuel consumption has decreased by around 20 percent, and power-to-weight ratio has increased by 15 percent.[74]

Sales

European sales of B-segment cars were down 25 percent in 2020 to 2.24 million units.

Top 10 best-selling B-segment vehicles, Europe
Year Models and ranking
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
2020[75] Model
Renault Clio
Peugeot 208
Opel/Vauxhall Corsa
Toyota Yaris
Volkswagen Polo
Dacia Sandero
Ford Fiesta
Citroën C3
Mini
Renault Zoe
Sales 248,602 199,316 198,887 179,867 169,467 167,032 156,067 149,284 110,664 99,432

Other markets

North America

Main article: Subcompact car

Japan

The Honda Fit surpassed the Toyota Corolla as the best-selling car in the Japan a year after its introduction.[76]

In Japan, the "B-segment" term is not widely used, instead B-segment-sized cars are commonly known as "compact cars" (Konpakutokā (コンパクトカー)), and sits above the kei car segment.[77][78]

In 1955, the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry set forth a goal to all Japanese makers at that time to create what was called a "national car", which consists of several requirements, including maximum speed over 100 km/h (62 mph), weight below 400 kg (882 lb), fuel consumption not exceeding 30 km/L (3.3 L/100 km; 85 mpg‑imp; 71 mpg‑US) at the average speed of 60 km/h (37 mph) on a level road, but also notably the car would not break down or require significant repairs for at least 100,000 kilometres (62,000 mi). One of the first compact cars that met those requirements was the Toyota Publica with an air-cooled two-cylinder opposed engine, the Datsun 110 series, and the Mitsubishi 500. These cars sits above the kei class.[79]

In 1973, the Toyota Publica was succeeded by the Toyota Starlet. It sits below the C-segment Toyota Corolla, and was initially called the Publica Starlet.[80]

In 1982, Nissan launched its smallest vehicle called the Nissan March, which is intended to occupy the segment.[78]

The B-segment gained its momentum in the country in early 2000s. In 1999, the Toyota Vitz was released as a successor to the Starlet. With a newly developed engine and platform, and its light weight which stood around 800 kg (1,764 lb), it was considered a success. In 2000, a year after its release, an average of 13,394 units were registered per month, and sales are approaching those of the Toyota Corolla series which traditionally led Japan car sales rankings.[76]

In June 2001, the first-generation Honda Fit was released, replacing the Honda Logo. Although it was sold in limited trims and engine options, the number of registered cars in 2002 reached 250,790 units. As the result, the Fit surpasses the Toyota Corolla as the best-selling car in the country, a title that it held continuously for 33 years.[76][81] In the mid-2000s, competition in the segment became more fierce as the new Nissan March and Mazda Demio was released, while also getting crowded with imported cars entering the market such as the Volkswagen Polo and Peugeot 206.[76]

Currently, the segment is considered to be divided into two category, the hatchback type with a height dimension lower than 1,550 mm (61.0 in), and the "tall wagon" type higher than 1,550 mm (61.0 in), which resembles an MPV body style.[82]

South Korea

The Kia Pride was discontinued in South Korea in 2017.

In South Korea, B-segment-sized cars are described as "small cars" (Template:Lang-ko), while A-segment-sized cars are known as "light cars" (Template:Lang-ko).[83] "Small cars" are defined as cars longer than 3,600 mm (141.7 in), as vehicles that are shorter than 3,600 mm are categorized in the "light car" category which received benefits such as tax reliefs, and discounts on highway tolls and parking fees.[84]

In the 2010s, the small car segment has saw a decline as it is squeezed by the "light car" category below it, and the "mid-size car" (Template:Lang-ko) category equivalent to the C-segment above it, as well as the B-segment SUV category.[85] Between 2014 and 2018, domestic small car segment has dropped by 83 percent, from 36,234 cars sold in 2014 to 6,054 in 2018.[86] As the result, despite strong demand overseas, both Hyundai and Kia stopped offering the Kia Pride in South Korea since 2017, and the Hyundai Accent since 2018 due to sharp decline of demand and low profit margins,[87] while GM Korea followed after by discontinuing the Chevrolet Aveo in 2019.[88] Apart from low-volume import cars, the segment has been considered extinct ever since.[89]

India

The Suzuki Swift was the best selling car in India in 2020 for the first time.[90]

The pioneer of a contemporary B-segment-sized car in the country is the Maruti 1000, a rebadged Suzuki Cultus sedan, which was introduced in 1989.[91][92] By mid-1990s up to early 2000s, many foreign manufacturers entered the Indian market bringing B-segment sedans as their main products.[93] These include the Opel Corsa, Hyundai Accent, Ford Ikon, and Honda City.[94][95]

In 1998, the Tata Indica was launched as first indigenous B-segment-sized hatchback.[96] In 2005, Maruti Suzuki introduced its first modern B-segment hatchback, the Swift after years mainly focusing on smaller hatchbacks.[97] According to a Maruti Suzuki executive, the company was initially hesitant to introduce the Swift, however products from competitors such as the Honda City and Hyundai Getz convinced the company to release the vehicle.[98]

In 2006, the government of India imposed a new tax structure, which massively impacted the segment. It enables vehicles shorter than 4.0 metres (157.5 in) to qualify for a significantly lower excise duty, which is 8 percent as opposed to 20 percent for longer vehicles.[99] Tata Motors was the first to exploit the new tax structure, which redesigned the rear portion of the Indigo sedan, dropping its length to 3,988 mm (157.0 in) and renamed it as the Indigo CS.[100] The model became significantly cheaper, becoming one of the largest selling three-box cars in the country.[101] Other manufacturers quickly adapted, which led to the release of the shorter Suzuki Swift Dzire, the new Honda Brio Amaze, and others.[102]

In the 2010s, the market moved upwards from entry level cars towards more expensive B-segment cars.[103] It was proven by the fall of A-segment cars sales of 12.14 percent between 2017 and 2018, while in the same period, sub-segments under the B-segment grew between 4.23 percent to 15.47 percent.[104]

By 2016, B-segment cars held a market share of 23.7 percent in the country.[105]

China

In China, the B-segment is widely known as the A0-class, which occupies the space between the smaller A00-class (city car) and the larger A-class.[106][107] These classes originated from Germany, since Volkswagen entered the market early during the 1980s.[108] Vehicles belonging to this class have a wheelbase between 2,300 mm (90.6 in) and 2,600 mm (102.4 in), a body length between 4.0 metres (157.5 in) and 4.3 metres (169.3 in), and an engine displacement between 1.0-litre and 1.5-litre.[109]

In the recent years, market share of the A0-class has decreased as the result of Chinese consumers preferring larger cars. In 2005, the segment accounts for 21 percent of the market, while in 2020 it only accounts for 14 percent due to the growth of the larger segments.[110]

Sales

Top 10 best-selling A0-class vehicles, China
Year Models and ranking
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
2020[111] Model
Toyota Yaris L
Honda Fit
Toyota Vios
Volkswagen Polo
Hyundai Reina
Kia Pegas
Hyundai Verna
Toyota Yaris L sedan
Baojun 310
Chevrolet Sail
Sales 88,300 62,612 53,594 45,071 38,345 33,515 27,156 25,436 23,313 22,795

Southeast Asia

The segment saw considerable growth after Honda and Toyota released B-segment sedans in the region as a cheaper alternative to the popular C-segment sedan. Honda revived the City nameplate for an entry-level sedan below the Civic based on the older fourth-generation Civic. In the same year, Toyota introduced the Tercel-based Toyota Soluna in Thailand in 1996 in response to stiff competition from imported South Korean cars.[112] These models are made in Thailand as the production base.[113]

In Thailand, the segment has largely been supported by the Eco Car excise tax incentive programme launched by the government since 2010.[114]

Brazil

The Hyundai HB20 was developed for the Brazilian market.[115]

Brazil has traditionally been a large B-segment market.[116] B-segment vehicles counts for 40 percent of total vehicle sales in the country for the Q1–Q3 2018 period,[117] a decline from 42.3 percent in 2012.[118]

Global sales

Top 10 B-segment sales by country, Q1 2016[119]
Rank Country Vehicle

sales

1  China 381,711
2  Brazil 244,902
3  India 242,453
4  United Kingdom 167,191
5  France 148,818
6  Italy 133,844
7  Japan 123,465
8  Russia 114,484
9  Germany 113,789
10  Mexico 113,016

Platforms

See also: Car platform

These are platforms that is named after, or referencing the B-segment or A0-class terms.

List of vehicles

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Supermini cars and Subcompact cars.

Category:Subcompact cars ( 317 )

See also

References

  1. ^ "European vehicle categories | EAFO". www.eafo.eu. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  2. ^ a b "Regulation (EEC) No 4064/89 - Merger Procedure" (PDF). www.europa.eu. exact market definition was left open .. boundaries between segments are blurred by factors other than the size or length of cars
  3. ^ "Impact on the Competitiveness of the European Automotive Industry of Potential FTA with India and ASEAN" (PDF). www.europa.eu. p. 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2013.
  4. ^ "Motor Industry Facts 2013" (PDF). The Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders. 2013. p. 28. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
  5. ^ a b Jacobs, Andrew James (2016). The new domestic automakers in the United States and Canada: history, impacts, and prospects. Lexington Books. p. 33. ISBN 9780739188262. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
  6. ^ Maxton, Graeme P.; Wormald, John (2004). Time for a Model Change: Re-engineering the Global Automotive Industry. Cambridge University Press. p. 17. ISBN 9780521837156. Retrieved 19 July 2017. B-segment cars.
  7. ^ King, Nicholas (2020-12-21). "Best of 2020: B-Segment | New Straits Times". NST Online. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
  8. ^ "My segmentation". Fiat Group World. 2013-10-21. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
  9. ^ Ltd, Motionlab Marketing (2019-02-21). "Global car market remains stable during 2018, as continuous demand for SUVs offsets decline in sales of Compact cars and MPVs". JATO. Retrieved 2021-05-28.
  10. ^ a b Felipe (2012-05-15). "Learning about cars: the 'B' segment". Fiat Group World. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
  11. ^ Meadows, Jordan (2017). Vehicle Design: aesthetic principles in transportation design. Routledge. pp. 39–40. ISBN 9781138685604. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
  12. ^ "Latest Safety Ratings". www.euroncap.com. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  13. ^ a b "CMP: The New Modular, Multi-energy Platform for Groupe PSA". Groupe PSA. Retrieved 2021-06-19.
  14. ^ "2009 REGISTRATION DOCUMENT" (PDF). Renault Group (pdf).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  15. ^ "Complete guide to understanding car segments". gulfnews.com. Retrieved 2021-06-19.
  16. ^ a b c d e f Felipe, Munoz (2020-07-08). "These were the top-selling cars in 2019. Ram 1500 was 12th". Fiat Group World. Retrieved 2021-05-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  17. ^ Ltd, Motionlab Marketing (2017-06-22). "Europe says goodbye to 3-door Hatchs". JATO. Retrieved 2021-05-30.
  18. ^ Radu, Mihnea (2018-04-16). "Peugeot 208 3-Door to Be Discontinued Soon, Just Like the Rest of Its Rivals". autoevolution. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  19. ^ Tudor-Lane, Adam (2016-06-09). "Why a hot hatch is the perfect all-round car - carwitter". Carwitter - Car News | Car Reviews | Motoring Events. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
  20. ^ "The Top 10 Best Hot Hatches In 2021 (And The Ones That Don't Quite Cut It)". Car Throttle. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
  21. ^ "20 years of the ŠKODA FABIA COMBI: A real success story". ŠKODA Storyboard. Retrieved 2021-06-19.
  22. ^ a b Felipe (2012-09-17). "Learning about cars: the 'B-MPV' Segment". Fiat Group World. Retrieved 2021-05-28.
  23. ^ "Honda Freed to be launched in Q2 2010 - paultan.org". Paul Tan's Automotive News. 2010-03-01. Retrieved 2021-06-19.
  24. ^ "Compact MPVs gain in popularity in Japan during H1". IHS Markit. 2017-07-19. Retrieved 2021-06-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  25. ^ Ltd, Motionlab Marketing (2016-03-01). "Audi Q2 is here to shake B-SUV segment". JATO. Retrieved 2021-05-28.
  26. ^ "Top 10 best small SUVs 2020". Autocar. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  27. ^ "B-SUV Archives". JATO. Retrieved 13 January 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  28. ^ "A-SUVs are coming". JATO. 11 June 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  29. ^ "Prepare for the mini-SUV invasion..." Top Gear. 24 April 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  30. ^ "Nissan Juke 1.5dCi Tekna Review". Autocar. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  31. ^ "Auto Express - First Drive Nissan Juke". jukeownersclub. Archived from the original on 3 September 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  32. ^ "SUV-B segment to drive crossover growth in Europe". IHS Markit. 2018-01-29. Retrieved 2021-02-13.
  33. ^ Ltd, Motionlab Marketing (2020-03-09). "13% of total new car registrations in Europe made up by EVs in January 2020". JATO. Retrieved 2021-05-30.
  34. ^ "What is a supermini?". Parkers. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  35. ^ Waymark, Peter (30 May 1977). "Basic design changes are the only way to cut car costs". The Times. p. 16. From the fuel-saving point of view there can have been no more welcome trend in the past five years than the appearance from one European manufacturer after another of what has become known as the "supermini" – the Fiat 127, Renault 5, Peugeot 104, Volkswagen Polo and most recently, the Ford Fiesta.
  36. ^ Waymark, Peter (5 May 1977). "Motoring". The Times Digital Archive. p. 33. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  37. ^ "Which? Car Supplement". Which?. Consumers' Association: 5. October 1984. Popularly known as superminis, these cars are a size larger than the original BMC Mini and are typified by the Austin Metro.
  38. ^ Mann, D (1999). Car definitions and forecast methodology. Elsevier. p. 176. ISBN 9780080527741. Retrieved 18 August 2013. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  39. ^ European Motor Business. (Economist Intelligence Unit)(whole issue no 4–7)   1986.
  40. ^ "Fahrzeugklassen – IPEK-Glossar". www.ipek.kit.edu. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
  41. ^ "Kleinwagen 2021/2022: Marktübersicht mit Daten und Preisen" [Small cars 2021/2022: market overview with dates and prices]. Motor1.com (in German). Retrieved 2021-06-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  42. ^ "Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt - Fahrzeugzulassungen - Pressemitteilung Nr. 02/2021 - Fahrzeugzulassungen im Dezember 2020 - Jahresbilanz" [Press release No. 02/2021 - Vehicle registrations in December 2020 - Annual balance sheet]. KBA. 2021-01-08. Retrieved 2021-06-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  43. ^ Webb, Clifford (11 August 1976). "Leyland management denies 'pushing too hard' over output". The Times. p. 15. There are also said to be fears within the state-owned motor group that Ford, having displaced Leyland from their traditional market leadership, will stay top for the rest of the year and could consolidate this position further with the introduction of the super "Mini", the Ford Fiesta.
  44. ^ "Plans for super Mini". The Times. 18 August 1976. p. 1. Leyland Cars announce a plan to mass produce a super Mini in an integrated operation at Longbridge.
  45. ^ "Fiat 127: The Birth of the Supermini". Old Motors. 2021-02-28. Retrieved 2021-05-28.
  46. ^ "Fiat 127". Life in Italy. 2012-05-31. Retrieved 2021-03-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  47. ^ Autocar, Graham Scott (2017-10-12). "21 people's cars from motoring history". www.standard.co.uk. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
  48. ^ Licata, Matteo (2021-02-21). "Why The Original Fiat 127 Is A Cool Italian Classic". roadster-life. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
  49. ^ Felipe (2012-05-15). "Learning about cars: the 'B' segment". Fiat Group World. Retrieved 2021-05-30.
  50. ^ a b "The Rise of the Superminis". Hagerty UK. 2015-03-04. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
  51. ^ Stone, Matt (2020-05-28). "Ford Fiesta USA 1976-2019: Now Gone But Not Forgotten By Enthusiasts". Ford Performance. Retrieved 2021-03-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  52. ^ Mann, D (1999). "Car definitions and forecast methodology". Automotive Plastics & Composites - Worldwide Markets & Trends to 2007. Elsevier. p. 176. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  53. ^ European Commission classification
  54. ^ "Review of the Clio story for the launch of Clio V - Renault Group". www.renaultgroup.com. Retrieved 2021-06-19.
  55. ^ "Fiat Uno". www.autozine.org. Retrieved 2021-06-19.
  56. ^ "25 years of the Renault Clio - picture special". Autocar. Retrieved 2021-06-19.
  57. ^ Koch, Jeff. "European Car of the Year 1993: Nissan Scores a First". Hemmings. Retrieved 2021-06-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  58. ^ Burt, Matt (2020-04-16). "How the original Yaris was a game-changer in 1999". Toyota UK Magazine. Retrieved 2021-06-19.
  59. ^ "Opel / Vauxhall Corsa European sales figures". carsalesbase.com. Retrieved 2021-06-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  60. ^ Gasnier, Matt (1999-01-16). "World 1998: GM Corsa the best-selling car in the world". Best Selling Cars Blog. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
  61. ^ "Effect of regulations and standards on vehicle prices" (PDF). European Union (pdf). p. 40.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  62. ^ "Market trends: Diesel superminis buck the trend". AM Online. 2008-02-25. Retrieved 2021-06-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  63. ^ "Diesel und Kleinwagen sterben aus: Diese Autos können Sie bald nicht mehr kaufen" [Diesel and small cars are dying out: you will soon no longer be able to buy these cars]. FOCUS Online (in German). 2020-11-25. Retrieved 2021-06-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  64. ^ "Kleinwagen: So hoch sind die Betriebskosten" [Small car: that's how high the operating costs are]. Fuhrpark (in German). 2020-11-23. Retrieved 2021-06-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  65. ^ Gomoll, Wolfgang (2020-11-24). "Dieselmotoren bei Kleinwagen sterben aus: Antriebs-Darwinismus" [Diesel engines in small cars are dying out: drive Darwinism]. AUTOMOBIL PRODUKTION Online (in German). Retrieved 2021-06-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  66. ^ "Aussterben der Diesel-Kleinwagen: Auch der Ford Fiesta nagelt nicht mehr" [Extinction of the small diesel cars: the Ford Fiesta no longer nails either]. autohaus.de (in German). Retrieved 2021-06-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  67. ^ "These are all the electric cars eligible for the UK's £2,500 plug-in car grant". Driving.co.uk from The Sunday Times. 2021-04-08. Retrieved 2021-06-22. the Zoe (the tiny Twizy isn't technically a car, after all) was one of the first electric superminis on the block,{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  68. ^ a b "Electric supermini shoot-out: Mini Electric vs two rivals". Autocar. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
  69. ^ Cobb, Jeff (2016-08-01). "Renault Zoe and BMW i3 Join The 50,000 Sales Club". HybridCars.com. Retrieved 2016-08-01. As of June 2016, cumulative global sales of the top selling plug-in electric cars were led by the Nissan Leaf (about 225,000), Tesla Model S (over 129,000), BYD Qin (56,191), Renault Zoe (51,193), and BMW i3 (almost 50,000).
  70. ^ Cobb, Jeff (2017-01-31). "Tesla Model S Is World's Best-Selling Plug-in Car For Second Year in a Row". HybridCars.com. Retrieved 2017-02-04. See also detailed 2016 sales and cumulative global sales in the two graphs.
  71. ^ Groupe Renault (April 2020). "Ventes Mensuelles - Statistiques commerciales mensuelles du groupe Renault" [Monthly Sales - Monthly sales statistics of the Renault Group] (in French). Renault.com. Retrieved 2020-05-17. Sales figures includes passenger and light utility variants. Click on the corresponding link to download the file, and open the tab "Sales by Model" to access sales figures for 2017, 2018 and 2019.
  72. ^ "Renault ZOE Vs Peugeot e-208 Vs Opel Corsa-e: Compared". InsideEVs. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
  73. ^ "Honda e all-electric supermini: UK pricing starts from £26k". Carbuyer. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
  74. ^ "Effect of regulations and standards on vehicle prices" (PDF). European Union (pdf). p. 37.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  75. ^ "European sales 2020 Subcompact cars". carsalesbase.com. 2021-02-10. Retrieved 2021-03-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  76. ^ a b c d "トヨタ ヴィッツ 誕生から20年間の「栄光」と「挫折」" ["Glory" and "Frustration" for 20 years since the birth of Toyota Vitz]. 自動車情報誌「ベストカー」 (in Japanese). 2019-12-21. Retrieved 2021-03-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  77. ^ "日本のコンパクトカーは驚くほど進化した！ ヤリス＆フィット試乗記" [Japanese compact cars have evolved amazingly! Yaris & Fit test drive]. GQ JAPAN (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-03-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  78. ^ a b "何が勝敗を分けるのか？ 国産コンパクトカーの栄枯盛衰について考える" [What makes the difference? Think about the rise and fall of domestic compact cars]. webCG (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-03-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  79. ^ 株式会社プロトコーポレーション. "名車探訪 TOYOTA パブリカ（初代）" [[Visit famous cars] TOYOTA Publica (first generation)]. Goo-net (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-03-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  80. ^ "トヨタ スターレット歴代モデルを徹底網羅！歴史や現在の評価・中古車情報を紹介" [Thorough coverage of Toyota Starlet successive models! Introducing history and current evaluation / used car information]. MOBY. 2018-10-25. Retrieved 2021-03-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  81. ^ "ホンダ フィット 4世代20年をふりかえる［フォトヒストリー］". レスポンス（Response.jp） (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-03-02.
  82. ^ "【2020年最新】コンパクトカーの人気車種ランキング！全18車種からおすすめの車種を徹底紹介" [[Latest in 2020] Ranking of popular compact cars! Thorough introduction of recommended models from all 18 models]. カルモマガジン (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-03-02. 全高が1550mm以内で立体駐車場にも入るハッチバック系と、軽自動車のスーパーハイトワゴンの流れを汲む背の高いトールワゴン系の2種類に分けることができます。(It can be divided into two types: a hatchback type that has a total height of 1550 mm or less and can be used in a multi-storey car park, and a tall tall wagon type that follows the flow of a super-height wagon for mini vehicles.){{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  83. ^ "확실히 좋은데 경차보다 안 팔리는 소형차" [It's definitely good, but a small car that doesn't sell better than a light car]. 오토헤럴드 (in Korean). 2016-04-19. Retrieved 2021-06-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  84. ^ "속절없는 경차 시장 위축, 돌파구 없나?...혜택 축소 vs 기준 확대" [Helpless light car market shrinking, no breakthrough?... Reduced benefits vs. expanded standards]. it.chosun.com (in Korean). 2018-02-07. Retrieved 2021-06-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  85. ^ "확실히 좋은데 경차보다 안 팔리는 소형차" [It's definitely good, but a small car that doesn't sell better than a compact car]. 오토헤럴드 (in Korean). 2016-04-19. Retrieved 2021-06-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  86. ^ "미국서 사라지는 소형차, 한국서도 외면" [Small cars disappearing from the US, turned away from Korea]. 이투데이 (in Korean). 2019-01-15. Retrieved 2021-06-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  87. ^ "소형차 엑센트·프라이드 단종..경차에 치이고 소형 SUV에 밀려" [Small car Accent Pride discontinued... Hit by a compact car and pushed by a small SUV]. 카가이 (in Korean). 2017-12-27. Retrieved 2021-06-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  88. ^ www.etnews.com (2019-04-03). "[단독]한국지엠, 부평서 만들던 '아베오' 단종…SUV로 빈자리 메운다" [[Exclusive] GM Korea discontinues 'Aveo', which was made in Bupyeongseo... Filling the void with SUVs]. 대한민국 IT포털의 중심! 이티뉴스 (in Korean). Retrieved 2021-06-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  89. ^ "[김흥식 칼럼] 소형차 멸종국, 1000만원 아래 승용차 달랑 2개" [Small car extinction country, only two cars under 10 million won]. 오토헤럴드 (in Korean). 2020-02-27. Retrieved 2021-06-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  90. ^ "Maruti Suzuki Swift was India's best-selling car in 2020 - paultan.org". Paul Tan's Automotive News. 2021-01-25. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  91. ^ Gupta, Ritvik (2020-04-28). "Maruti Suzuki | The Name You Know, the History you Don't". The GoMechanic Blog. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
  92. ^ "8 cars that ruled Indian roads from 1980s to 90s - Blast from the past". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
  93. ^ Piplai, p. 2893
  94. ^ John, Cyrus (2017-12-29). "20 Years of Honda City in India: How the Sedan Has Evolved". TheQuint. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
  95. ^ Gupta, Ritvik (2020-04-16). "10 Forgotten Sedan In India | From Cielo To Sienna". The GoMechanic Blog. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
  96. ^ "India's Hatchback Market" (PDF) (pdf). Ipsos Business Consulting. November 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  97. ^ "India's Hatchback Market: The Big Business of Small Cars" (PDF) (pdf). Ipsos.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  98. ^ "The Maruti Suzuki Swift: How it all began". Autocar India. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
  99. ^ "Why Everyone is going below 4-Meters". Spinny Blog. 2016-01-25. Retrieved 2021-06-19.
  100. ^ Rawuther, Afzal. "The impact of lower taxation on sub-four meter cars". Evo India. Retrieved 2021-06-19.
  101. ^ Kotwal, Shapur (2011-07-21). "The four-metre race". Livemint. Retrieved 2021-06-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  102. ^ "The four-meter curse: How the compact sedan segment evolved". Cartoq. 2015-08-06. Retrieved 2021-06-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  103. ^ "To make better decisions, you need to see the big picture". IHS Markit. 2016-06-14. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  104. ^ Thakkar, Ketan; Chaliawala, Nehal. "Growing aspiration makes premium hatchbacks new mass market cars". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  105. ^ "To make better decisions, you need to see the big picture". IHS Markit. 2016-11-21. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
  106. ^ "最值得推荐的三款A0级车，最低2.88万开回家_欧拉" [Three most recommended A0-class cars, with a minimum of 28,800 to drive home]. www.sohu.com. Retrieved 2021-05-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  107. ^ "终于弄明白电动汽车A00、A0级、A级、B级、C级、D级是怎么回事了 - 第一电动网" [Finally figured out what is going on with electric vehicles A00, A0, A, B, C, and D]. www.d1ev.com. Retrieved 2021-05-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  108. ^ "A、B、C级车它们是如何区分的？一眼秒懂！" [How are A, B, and C-class cars distinguished? Understand at a glance!]. 知乎专栏 (in Chinese). Retrieved 2021-06-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  109. ^ "汽车常识：A级、B级、C级、D级车原来是这么划分的，瞬间懂了_车家号_发现车生活_汽车之家" [Car common sense: A-class, B-class, C-class, and D-class cars were originally divided into this way, and I instantly understand]. chejiahao.autohome.com.cn. Retrieved 2021-05-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  110. ^ "Bigger, better, broader: A perspective on China's auto market in 2020" (PDF) (pdf). p. 5.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  111. ^ "2020年全国A0级车销量排行榜完整版 — 汽车排行网" [The full version of the national A0-class car sales rankings in 2020]. www.qichepaihang.com. Retrieved 2021-05-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  112. ^ Ueda, Yoko (December 2009). "The Origin and Growth of Local Entrepreneurs in Auto Parts Industry in Thailand" (PDF). CCAS Working Paper (Center for Contemporary Asian Studies). 25. Tokyo: Doshisha University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  113. ^ "Honda CITY , The History : จากรถวัยรุ่น Tall Boy ในญี่ปุ่น สู่ Sedan ขายดีในไทย". HeadLight Magazine (in Thai). 2020-07-30. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
  114. ^ Limited, Bangkok Post Public Company. "Honda City 1.0 VTEC Turbo RS (2020) review". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 2021-06-19. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  115. ^ "Hyundai HB20S - B-segment sedan for Brazil - paultan.org". Paul Tan's Automotive News. 2013-03-07. Retrieved 2021-06-20.
  116. ^ "Montadoras focam em modelos lucrativos e deixam carros baratos de lado" [Automakers focus on profitable models and leave cheap cars aside]. Jornal do Carro - Estadão (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2021-05-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  117. ^ "Brazil boosts the Latin American car market, which grows by 4.9% through September". JATO. 2018-10-30. Retrieved 2021-03-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  118. ^ Felipe (2013-02-16). "Brazil 2012 Full Year Analysis". Fiat Group World. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  119. ^ "Global Car Market New-Car Sales 2016 Q1" (PDF). JATO Dynamics. Retrieved 2021-05-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  120. ^ "MID-TERM PLAN 2017 - 2022" (PDF). Renault Group (pdf).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=B-segment&oldid=1031741410"