Cheng-Han
The Cheng Han (Simplified Chinese character: 成汉, Traditional Chinese character: 成漢, pinyin Chénghàn) (303 or 304-347) was a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms during the Jin Dynasty (265-420) in China. It represented two states, the Cheng state (成, pinyin Chéng) proclaimed in 304 by Li Xiong and the Han state (汉, pinyin Hàn) in 338 by Li Shou. Since they were both ruled by the Li family of the Di ethnicity, scholars with Chinese backgrounds often combined them into a single Cheng Han state. Western texts frequently referred to the two states separately. The Chenghan was the earliest establishment of the kingdoms.
All rulers of the Cheng Han declared themselves "emperors".
The commonly accepted founding year of Cheng has been 304. Nevertheless Li Te declared a new era name in 303 and self-declaration of era name has been considered by some Chinese scholars to be a symbol of a new government.
Rulers of the Cheng Han
| Temple names | Posthumous names | Family names and given name | Durations of reigns | Era names and their according durations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese convention: use family and given names | ||||
| Cheng 303 or 304-338 | ||||
| Shizu (始祖 pinyin Shǐzǔ) or Shizu (世祖 Shìzǔ) | Jing (景 Jǐng) | Li Te (李特 Lǐ Tè) | 303 | Jianchu (建初 Jiànchū) or Jingchu (景初 Jǐngchū) 303 |
| Did not exist | Did not exist | Li Liu (李流 Lǐ Liú) | several months in 303 | Did not exist |
| Taizong (太宗 Tàizōng) | Wu (武 Wǔ) | Li Xiong (李雄 Lǐ Xióng) | 303-334 | Jianxing (建興 Jiànxīng) 304-306Yanping (晏平 Yànpíng) 306-311 |
| Did not exist | Ai (哀 āi) | Li Ban (李班 Lǐ Bān) | 7 months in 334 | Yuheng (玉衡 Yùhéng) 7 months in 334 |
| Did not exist | Yougong (幽公 Yōugōng) | Li Qi (李期 Lǐ Qī) | 334-338 | Yuheng (玉恆 Yùhéng) 335-338 |
| Han 338-347 | ||||
| Zhongzong (中宗 zhōngzōng) | Zhaowen (昭文 Zhāowén) | Li Shou (李壽 Lǐ Shòu) | 338-343 | Hanxing (漢興 Hànxīng) 338-343 |
| Did not exist | Guiyihou (歸義侯 Guīyìhóu) | Li Shi (李勢 Lǐ Shì) | 343-347 | Taihe (太和 Tàihé) 343-346Jianing (嘉寧 Jiā1níng) 346-347 |