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Girl Scouts of the USA

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For Girl Scouts worldwide, see Girl Guides.
Girl Scouts of the United States of America
File:Girl Scouts.jpg
CountryUnited States of America
FoundedMarch 12, 1912
FounderJuliette Gordon Low
Membership2.7 million girls (2005)
CEOKathy Cloninger
 Scouting portal

The Girl Scouts of the United States of America (GSUSA) is a youth organization for girls in the United States as well as American girls living abroad. The movement aims to help girls build character and skills for success in the adult world by using the Scout method to develop leadership, values, social conscience, citizenship, and conviction about their own potential and self-esteem.

The Girl Scout program sprang from the concerns of the progressive movement in the United States from people who sought to promote the social welfare of young women and as a female counterpart to the Boy Scouts of America (BSA). It was founded by Juliette Gordon Low in 1912 and is based on the Scouting principles developed by Robert Baden-Powell.

The GSUSA uses the Scout method to teach values such as community service, self-esteem, citizenship through and activities like camping, learning first aid, and other lifelong skills. Girl Scouts are recognized for their achievements through rank advancement and various special awards. Membership is organized according to age levels with activities appropriate to each age group. A member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS), the GSUSA has a long history of opening its program to girls from all backgrounds.

History

Girl Scouting began on March 12, 1912 when founder Juliette "Daisy" Gordon Low organized the first Girl Scout troop meeting in Savannah, Georgia. Low, who had met Baden-Powell in London while she was living in the United Kingdom, dreamed of giving the United States "something for all the girls." She envisioned an organization that would bring girls out of their cloistered home environments to serve in their communities and experience the open air. The Juliette Low Birthplace is located in Savannah, Georgia, in the former Gordon family home and as of 1956 is a national Girl Scout program center.[1] It provides tours to thousands of Scouts yearly. Upon Low's death in 1927, she willed her carriage house, eventually The Girl Scout First Headquarters, to local Savannah Girl Scouts for continued use.[2] The Girl Scouts of the USA Logo was created in 1978 by Saul Bass, a graphic designer known for his motion picture title sequences.

The original name was the Girl Guides of America, taken from the Girl Guides program of the United Kingdom. In 1913 the name was changed to the Girl Scouts of America and was incorporated in 1915. It was again renamed to the Girl Scouts of the United States of America in 1947 and was chartered by the United States Congress on March 16, 1950. The GSUSA started with eighteen members– within months, members were hiking through the woods in their knee-length blue uniforms, playing basketball on a curtained-off court, and going on camping trips. By 1920, there were nearly 70,000 members, and by 1930 over 200,000 members. In 2005 there were over 3.7 million Girl Scouts — 2.8 million girl members and 954,000 adult members in the United States.[3] More than 50 million American women have enjoyed Girl Scouting. Through its membership in the WAGGGS, GSUSA is part of a worldwide family of over ten million girls and adults in 144 countries.

Just as the names and ages of the various levels have changed over time, the larger structure of the program has changed. Originally, troops tended to be fairly independent and then joined together into small councils. Over the years small councils have merged to form larger councils.

Segregation

Most Girl Scout units were originally segregated by race according to state and local laws and customs. The first troop for African American girls was founded in 1917; the first American Indian troop was formed in New York State in 1921; and the first troop for Mexican Americans was formed in Houston, Texas in 1922. Josephine Groves Holloway in Tennessee set up unofficial African American troops starting in 1933. She also worked to fully desegregate the Cumberland Valley council, succeeding in 1962.[4]

By the 1950s the GSUSA began significant national efforts to desegregate. Camp Shantituck in Kentucky was desegregated in 1956 due to the work of Murray Walls.[5] In 1956, Martin Luther King, Jr. described Girl Scouts as "a force for desegregation."[6] In 1969, Action 70 was a national Girl Scout initiative to eliminate prejudice, and, in 1975 Gloria D. Scott, an African American, was elected National President of the Girl Scouts.[7]

Girl Scout Senior Roundups

Starting in 1956, international gatherings named Senior Roundups attended by girls from all over the United States and from other countries were held every three years until 1965.[8]

Mariner Scouts

Main article: Mariner Scout

The 20th National Council of the GSUSA launched the Mariner Girl Scout program in October of 1934. The program was designed for older Girl Scouts interested in outdoor activities such as swimming and boating. The program was similar to the Boy Scouts of America's Sea Scouts program. By the end of 1934 there were twelve registered Mariner ships and the first two handbooks, Launching a Girl Scout Mariner Ship and Charting the Course of a Girl Scout Mariner Ship were published. Today, the Mariner Girl Scout program is still active but much smaller. Most girls who want to be involved in this program have instead joined the Sea Scouts, which has been co-ed since 1971.

=Wing Scouts

The Wing Scout program was a popular older Girl Scout program begun in 1941 and ending in the 1970s that was for girls interested in flying and wanting to learn enough about aviation to serve their country.

Program aims

The aim of the Girl Scouts is that girls will develop to their full potential by pursuing four goals: developing their full potential; relating to others with increasing understanding, skill, and respect; developing a meaningful set of values to guide their actions and to provide for sound decision-making; and contributing to the improvement of society.[9]

Girl Scout Promise and Law

Promise

The Girl Scout Promise can be made in English or in Spanish. The meaning is the same in either language.

On my honor, I will try: Por mi honor, yo trataré:
To serve God and my country, De servir a Dios, y a mi patria,
To help people at all times, Ayudar a las personas en todo momento,
And to live by the Girl Scout Law.[10] Y vivir conforme a la Ley de las Girl Scouts.[11]

The Promise is often recited at Girl Scout troop meetings while holding up together the three middle fingers of the left hand, the Girl Scout pledge symbol.

Girl Scout policy states that "God" may be interpreted depending on individual spiritual beliefs. When reciting the Girl Scout Promise, the word "God" may be substituted with the word dictated by those beliefs.[12]

Law

I will do my best to be: Yo me esforzaré a:
Honest and fair, Ser honrada y justa,
Friendly and helpful, Cordial y servicial,
Considerate and caring, Considerada y compasiva,
Courageous and strong, and Valiente y fuerte, y
Responsible for what I say and do, Responsable de lo que digo y hago
And to Y a respetarme a mi misma y a los demás
respect myself and others,
respect authority, Respetar la authoridad,
use resources wisely, Usar los recursos de manera prudente,
make the world a better place, and Hacer del mundo un lugar mejor, y
be a sister to every Girl Scout. Ser hermana de cada una de las Girl Scouts.

Age levels

Main article: Girl Scout levels (USA)

When it started in 1912, the program was for girls ages ten through seventeen, but soon divided into three levels. Brownies for younger girls was based on a program developed in England in 1914 and was officially recognized in the mid 1920s. At the same time girls over eighteen, or over sixteen if First Class Scouts, became known as Senior Scouts. In 1938 age divisions were Brownies (ages seven through nine), Intermediates (ages ten through thirteen), and Seniors (ages fourteen through seventeen).[13]

In 1963 this was rearranged to Brownies (ages seven through nine, later six through nine), Juniors (ages nine through eleven), Cadettes (ages eleven through fourteen), and Seniors (ages fourteen through seventeen).[13] In 1984, the Daisy program for kindergartners or those aged five was introduced.[13] And in 2003 the Studio 2B program for girls ages eleven through seventeen was introduced though Cadettes and Seniors continue to exist.[13]

The program for girls aged eleven through seventeen is currently under revision. Studio 2B is being phased in, but girls are allowed to choose whether to call themselves "2Be's," "teen Scouts" or Cadettes and Seniors. Scouts, age eleven through seventeen, can do both badges and Studio 2B activities, and the Silver Award and Gold Award requirements have been rewritten to require both. Studio 2B activities differ from badges in two ways: each booklet focuses on topics such as environmentalism or self-confidence rather than being as skill-based on a badge; and to earn each Studio 2B pin, the Scout must finish the booklet and then meet a goal relevant to the booklet topic. She must create her own plan for achieving her goal, following a basic planning procedure called SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely).

Hillary Clinton

While troop membership is still the most common way to participate in Girl Scouting, girls who are interested in Girl Scout programs and events but do not wish to be in a troop can sign up as an individual Girl Scout, called a Juliette. Juliettes work individually on badges and awards and participate in activities as they choose.

For college students over the age of eighteen, the Campus Girl Scouts program allows women and men to stay or become active in Scouting while in college. Campus Girl Scouts are adult volunteers and involve the community, the local council, and the college campus in their events.[14]

Special programs

There are programs for girls in unusual situations that it difficult for them to participate in the standard program. The Girl Scouts Beyond Bars program helps daughters of incarcerated mothers to connect with their mothers and to have the mothers participate in Girl Scout activities. Another program Girl Scouting in Detention Centers allows girls who are themselves in detention centers to participate in Scouting. Other initiatives try to help girls in rural areas or in public housing.[15]

Impact on America

The Girl Scouts have had many famous alumni such as Lucille Ball, Katie Couric, and Elizabeth Dole.[16] Many of its members have gone on to become successful leaders in numerous professional fields such as law, medicine, politics, journalism, and science.[16] Since First Lady Lou Henry Hoover became involved in the Girl Scouts of the USA, the current First Lady has become the Honorary President of the organization. But one of the things that Girl Scouts are most famous for are the sale of Girl Scout Cookies as their annual fundraiser since 1917. Many American neighborhoods have bought the cookies from Scouts selling them door to door.

Organizational structure

The national organization is made up of 312 local Girl Scout councils or offices, over 236,000 troops/groups, and a central headquarters in New York City with a staff of 400. On August 26, 2006, the National Board of Directors decided to reorganize the 312 current councils into 109 councils.[17] It is headed by a chief executive officer and a forty member National Board of Directors located in New York City. Kathy Cloninger has been the Chief Executive Officer since 2003 and the Chair of the National Board of Directors, the highest volunteer position, is Patricia Diaz Dennis.

Below the national organization are the Girl Scout councils which own the local troops—in contrast to the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) where the troops are owned by their chartering organization such as a church or other community group. The Council usually owns and runs camps for the troops within its area of responsibility. Between the councils and the local troops (basic unit) are often service units made up of all the troops at all age levels in a certain area, such as a town.

Activities

One of the original and continuing attractions of Girl Scouts is that girls are encouraged to camp and do other outside activities such as canoeing or backpacking with their troops. Troops do service projects such as visit nursing homes, carry out flag ceremonies, collect food for food drives, or other community service.[18] Troops may also plan and have extended trips such as visiting another part of the United States or even travel to another country. Troops may have cultural or learning events such as first aid training or attending a musical.

Destinations

Once known as "Wider Opportunities" or "Wider Ops", Destinations are events that individual older Girl Scouts from around the United States can participate in. Destinations are held within the United States or in other countries, such as being part of the US delegation to another country's national jamboree, or to visit one of the international Girl Scouting centers. Destinations might be outdoor oriented, such as kayaking in Alaska, or career oriented such as learning about working for NASA.[19]

Customs

The Girl Scouts of the USA have customs and traditions and perhaps the best known is selling Girl Scout Cookies as a fundraiser for the local council, troop, or individual. Other customs are the Girl Scout Handshake and the Scout signal for silence, two of the signs shared by WAGGGS member organizations.

Bridging, a ceremony where girls proceed from one level to another, is another tradition. The girls bridging over walk across a symbolic bridge to their new troop and leader and are greeted by the Girl Scout Handshake.

Thinking Day and Scouts Own are traditions throughout the world of Scouting. Thinking Day has occurred annually on February 22 since 1926. On Thinking Day, Scouts consider what it means to be a sister to every Girl Scout around the world.[20]

Scouts Own is an inspirational ceremony built around a central theme such as friendship, using resources wisely, or fairness. For Girl Scouts it is not a religious service and it is created by and run by the Scouts. It usually happens during another activity such as a camping trip or a troop meeting but is set apart from that activity in some way.

Awards and badges

Members of each of the age levels can earn awards appropriate for their level. Originally called badges, current terminology has changed to Learning Petals for Daisies, Try-Its for Brownies, badges for Juniors, and Charms and Interest Project awards for older girls.

The highest achievement in Girl Scouting is the Gold Award; it can be earned by Senior Scouts only. Cadettes can earn the Silver Award and Juniors the Bronze Award. Both the Gold and Silver Awards require large-scale service projects showing leadership along with service hours.[21] The service projects must improve a current situation, such as restoring the eroded banks of a stream.

A Girl Scout working on her Gold Award project.

Girls can also earn awards from outside organizations. Examples of these are the religious emblems that religious organizations offer or the President's Volunteer Service Award. Scouts can also earn awards for lifesaving and leadership. The Honor Pin recognizes an adult member who has delivered exceptional service beyond position expectations to two or more geographic areas, service units or program delivery audiences in a way that furthers the council's goals.[22]

Controversies

The GSUSA has faced criticism for various stands and changes they have taken.

No official stand on sexuality

Girl Scouts of the USA stated in an October 1991 letter:[23]

As a private organization, Girl Scouts of the U.S.A. respects the values and beliefs of each of its members and does not intrude into personal matters. Therefore, there are no membership policies on sexual preference. However, Girl Scouts of the U.S.A. has firm standards relating to the appropriate conduct of adult volunteers and staff. The Girl Scout organization does not condone or permit sexual displays of any sort by its members during Girl Scout activities, nor does it permit the advocacy or promotion of a personal lifestyle or sexual preference. These are private matters for girls and their families to address.

GSUSA upholds a "don't ask, don't tell" policy on sexuality.[24] Some have considered this does not go far enough in banning discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation and others that they should ban gays and lesbians.[25] [26]

To Serve God in the Promise

In early 1992 the Totem Girl Scout Council suggested changing the promise to make it possible for girls who did not believe in a God to join. In November 1992 the parents of Nitzya Cuevas-Macias sued for the daughter to be permitted to participate even though she refused to promise to serve God.[27][28]

On October 23, 1993, the Girl Scouts of the USA voted to permit individuals to substitute another word or phrase for 'God' in their promise.[29]

"THAT, since the Girl Scout organization makes no attempt to interpret or define the word 'God' but encourages members to establish for themselves the nature of their spiritual beliefs, it is the policy of the Girl Scouts of the U.S.A. that individuals when making the Girl Scout Promise may substitute wording appropriate to their own spiritual beliefs for the word 'God'."

with the explanation that

"For some individuals, the word 'God', no matter how broadly interpreted, does not appropriately reflect their spiritual beliefs. Since the belief in a spiritual principle is fundamental to Girl Scouting, not the word used to define that belief, it is important that individuals have the opportunity to express that belief in wording meaningful to them.

It is essential to maintain the spiritual foundation of Girl Scouting, yet be inclusive of the full range of spiritual beliefs. This [policy change] does not take the word 'God' out of the Girl Scout Promise. It gives those individuals who wish to do so the option to state their commitment to the spiritual concepts fundamental to the Movement with a word or words more appropriate to their own beliefs. For instance, an individual may say 'my faith' or 'Allah' or 'the Creator'."

Some groups consider that the Girl Scouts of the USA haven't gone far enough in making Scouting open to non-theists; others that they've gone too far in removing God or that they are violating the constitution of the WAGGGS. The WAGGGS constitution requires member societies to maintain membership standards to include a promise similar to the one established by Baden-Powell, which includes the concept of duty to God.[30][31][32] Because of the GSUSA policies adopted in 1992, some have formed an alternative organization, the American Heritage Girls (AHG) that has more traditional values.[33]

Banning prayer at meetings

Some have stated that the Girl Scouts ban prayer at meetings.[34] The official Girl Scout policy does not ban prayer but does not require it either.[35]

The Girl Scout organization does not endorse or promote any particular philosophy or religious belief. Our movement is secular and is founded on American democratic principles, one of which is freedom of religion.

Although Girl Scouts has policies supporting religious diversity, there is no policy by Girl Scouts of the USA that prohibits or requires the saying or singing of a grace, blessing, or invocation before meals by Girl Scout members in a troop/group setting, in a resident or day camp, or at meetings, conferences, and other large events. The decision to say a grace, blessing, or invocation is made locally at the troop or group level, and should be sensitive to the spiritual beliefs of all participants.

Association with Planned Parenthood

Although nationally GSUSA does not have a relationship with Planned Parenthood, Girl Scout councils may choose to have connections to Planned Parenthood, which provides reproductive health services.[36] In 2004 in Waco, Texas, the Bluebonnet Council had endorsed a Planned Parenthood education event (which did not mention abortion) but did not provide money nor send Scouts to it. This was criticized by some pro-life movement supporters and social conservatives resulting in a boycott of Girl Scout cookies sold by the Bluebonnet Council. Waco-area residents responded to the announced boycott by purchasing more cookies than ever, however the Bluebonnet Council nevertheless removed their endorsement.[37] The pro-life group states that twenty percent of the investigated councils have some connection to Planned Parenthood though that includes councils that have endorsed events that Planned Parenthood also endorsed.[38]

Similar organizations

Camp Fire USA, which was originally called Campfire Girls, started around the same time as Girl Scouts by some of the same people as started the Boy Scouts of America. Unlike either, it now accepts both boys and girls at all levels, although until 1975 it was for girls only. Other groups include the American Heritage Girls (AHG) started in 1995 in Westchester, Ohio by a group of parents concerned with current Scouting organizations for girls.[39] AHG is a Christian organization that claims it is "a Scouting program for girls that supports the traditional values of God, Family and Country."[33] Many senior Girl Scouts are also involved in the Venturing program of the BSA.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Girl Scouting in Indiana" (PDF). The Indiana Historian. Retrieved 2006-11-04.
  2. ^ Montgomery, Dana (2003). "History of the Girl Scout Organization". Troop 1440, Wakefield, MA. Retrieved 2006-09-08.
  3. ^ "Who We Are: Facts". Girl Scouts of The USA. 2003. Retrieved 2006-11-01.
  4. ^ "Josephine Groves Holloway". Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Tennessee Historical Society, Nashville, TN (Online ed.). 2002 [1998]. Retrieved 2006-09-08. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: others (link)
  5. ^ Human Rights Report: New Great Black Kentuckian poster unveiled (PDF). Kentucky Commission on Human Rights. 2005. p. 3. Retrieved 2006-09-08. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. ^ Montgomery, Dana (2006). "Getting to Know Juliette Gordon Low". Girl Scouts of the USA. Retrieved 2006-09-08.
  7. ^ "Gloria Dean Randle Scott" (HTML). TopBlacks. 2001. Retrieved 2006-09-08.
  8. ^ Larson, Keith (2000). "Girl Scout Senior Roundups". Scouts on Stamps Society International. Retrieved 2006-09-08.
  9. ^ "Girl Scout Program". Girl Scouts of the USA. Retrieved 2006-09-29. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  10. ^ "Girl Scout Promise". Girl Scouts of the USA. Retrieved 2006-11-02. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  11. ^ "Girl Scout Promise". Girl Scouts of the USA. Retrieved 2006-11-02. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  12. ^ Nelson, Bill. "What is the position of the GSUSA as related to God and religion?". [rec.scouting.issues] Commonly asked questions. Retrieved 2006-09-25. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  13. ^ a b c d "Timeline of GSUSA". Girl Scouts of the USA. Retrieved 2006-11-02. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help) Cite error: The named reference "GSUSA Timeline" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  14. ^ "Campus Girl Scouts". Girl Scouts of the USA. Retrieved 2006-09-25. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  15. ^ Goddard, Jennifer (2003). "Where Girls Go, Girl Scouting Follows". Girl Scouts Cross Timbers Council. Retrieved 2006-09-25. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  16. ^ a b "Famous Girl Scouts". Girl Scouts of the USA. 2003. Retrieved 2006-11-05. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  17. ^ "Girl Scouting Undergoes Historic Transformation to Focus on Leadership Development for 21st Century Girls" (Press release). Girl Scouts of the USA. September 18, 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-26. {{cite press release}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  18. ^ "What is Girl Scouting?". Girl Scouts of the USA, Talus Rock Council. Retrieved 2006-11-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  19. ^ "Destinations 411". Girl Scouts of the USA. Retrieved 2006-11-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  20. ^ "World Thinking Day". Girl Scouts of the USA. 2005. Retrieved 2006-09-25. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  21. ^ "List of Insignia". Girl Scouts of the USA. Retrieved 2006-11-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  22. ^ "Honor Pin Criteria" (PDF). Girl Scouts of the USA, Tongass Alaska Girl Scout Council. Retrieved 2006-11-02. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  23. ^ "GSUSA Statement". BSA Discrimination.org. October 1991. Retrieved 2006-09-25. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  24. ^ "Girl Scouts and Discrimination". Retrieved 2006-11-04. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  25. ^ Bakst, M. Charles (August 17, 1999). "Scout controversy is a chance for you to make an impact". The Providence Journal. Retrieved 2006-11-04. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  26. ^ "People for the American Way: Family Research Council". Retrieved 2006-11-04. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  27. ^ Brennan, Pat (19 November, 1992). "OC lawyer moves battle over oath to Girl Scouts - Man who won suit for sons now backing Daisy hopeful". BSA Discrimination.org. Retrieved 20 October 2006. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  28. ^ Brennan, Pat (22 December 1992). [Girl Scout troop ordered to readmit atheist "Girl Scout troop ordered to readmit atheist"]. BSA Discrimination.org. Retrieved 2006-10-20. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  29. ^ Nelson, Bill. "What is the position of the GSUSA as related to God and religion?". [rec.scouting.issues] Commonly asked questions. Retrieved 2006-09-25. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  30. ^ "WAGGGS constitution" (PDF). WAGGGS. Retrieved 2006-09-25. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  31. ^ "Exploring Spirituality in Girl Guides and Girl Scouts: Module 1" (PDF). WAGGGS. Retrieved 2006-09-25. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  32. ^ "Exploring Spirituality: Resource Materials for Girl Guides and Girl Scouts" (PDF). WAGGGS. 2000. Retrieved 2006-09-25. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  33. ^ a b "About The American Heritage Girls". American Heritage Girls. Retrieved 2006-11-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  34. ^ "Girl Scouts face religious rebellion". Associated Press. 2004-03-22. Retrieved 2006-09-25. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  35. ^ "What We Stand For" (PDF). Girl Scouts of the USA. 2003-12-30. Retrieved 2006-09-25. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  36. ^ Kleder, Martha (March 30, 2004). "Girl Scouts' Stumble Boosts Christian-Based American Heritage Girls". Retrieved 2006-11-04. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  37. ^ "Cookie crumbles: Girl Scout sex furor splits Texas town". USA Today. 2004-03-03. Retrieved 2006-09-25. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  38. ^ "Planned Parenthood and Girl Scout Relationships". STOPP. 2004. Retrieved 2006-09-25. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  39. ^ Brown, Angela K. "Some unhappy with Girl Scouts form new group". Planned Parenthood of the Inland Northwest. Retrieved 2006-11-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)


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