Alice Regnault
Alice Regnault | |
|---|---|
,_dite_Alice_Regnault,_actrice_de_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_entre_1869_et_1880._PH55650_(cropped).jpg?lang=en) Alice Regnault photographed by Bacard Fils | |
| Born | Augustine-Alexandrine Toulet 5 February 1849 Paris, France |
| Died | 12 July 1931 (aged 82) Triel-sur-Seine, Third French Republic |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1868–1883 |
| Spouse |
Jules Louise Renard
(m. 1865; died 1868) |
| Children | 1 |
Alice Regnault (born Augustine-Alexandrine Toulet; 5 February 1849 – 12 July 1931) was a French actress and courtesan.
Her theatrical career began in 1868, after the death of her first husband. Critics praised her for her beauty and talent, and she performed in a large number of roles throughout her career.[1] She became very rich as a courtesan in Paris and she had relationships of varying lengths with wealthy men.[2] She retired from the stage in 1883, at the age of 34. She briefly worked as a journalist,[3] and published two novels: Mademoiselle Pomme (1886) and La Famille Carmettes (1888).
She is known for secretly marrying the French writer Octave Mirbeau, in May 1887, while they were in London.
Early life
[edit]Augustine-Alexandrine Toulet was born to Edmond Désiré Toulet and Louise Hermanjat in the former 1st Arrondissement of Paris. Her father worked as a house painter. In 1865, at the age of 16, she married her first husband, a tool maker named Jules Louise Renard.[4] They had a son together in 1866 named Édouard, who would be her only child. When her husband died in 1868, she and her son were left in poverty, and so to support them she started her theatrical career and became a courtesan.[2] However, because of her lifestyle, she lost custody of her son. Édouard would die at age 26 in 1892.[5]
Career
[edit]Regnault's first acting and vocal teacher was Auguste Coédès, a French composer. While performing at a concert, she was discovered by the prolific operetta composer Jacques Offernbach.[1] He offered her a position at the Bouffes Parisiens and in November 1868, when she was only 19, she debuted in his operetta Apothicaire et Perruquier.[6] She appeared in many of Offenbach's operettas throughout her career as well as operettas by other composers. She was well known for appearing in Les Trône d'Ecosse by Hervé as Julia, a horse guard. After her performance in that show she was offered a role in Les Sceptiques at the Théâtre de Cluny.[1]
,_dite_Alice_Regnault,_actrice_de_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_entre_1869_et_1880._PH55660.jpg?lang=en)
She studied voice with the composer Charles Lecocq while she appeared in his operetta Les cent vierges in 1872.[7] From 1872 until at least 1876, she studied at the National Conservatory of Dramatic Art with François-Joseph Regnier, a well known teacher and former actor at the Théâtre-Français.[8][1]
In 1873, while she was working at the Théâtre des Variétés, Regnault and other actresses were accused of prostitution by a journalist, Gabriel Hugelmann, after a police raid of a brothel. She denied the claims, and Regnault and Marguerite Debreux sued Hugelmann for defamation after the newspaper admitted they were wrong.[9]
In 1874 she began performing with the Théâtre du Palais-Royal, a prestigious theater and she became even more well known.[1] Regnault received many good reviews and that year was called one of the “Choicest celebrities of the stage.”[10] Even her more negative reviews admitted that she was very beautiful and elegant. Towards the end of her career she travelled to Brussels to act in Divorçons playing the role of Chaumont.[11] In 1880, after returning from this trip, she attempted to gain a position at the Comédie-Française, though she did not succeed. She has only one recorded performance after this rejection, at the Théâtre du Vaudeville.[12]
Roles
[edit],_dite_Alice_Regnault,_actrice_de_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_entre_1869_et_1880,_dans_so,_PH55642_(1_of_2).jpg?lang=en)
- 1868 - Apothicaire et Perruquier by Jacques Offenbach[6]
- 1869 - La Diva by Jacques Offenbach[12]
- 1869 - La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein by Jacques Offenbach[13][1]
- 1869 - Les Brigands by Jacques Offenbach[12]
- 1871 - Le Trône d'Ecosse, by Hervé, role of Julia[12]
- 1872 - Les cent vierges by Charles Lecocq [14][15]
- 1872 - Le Tour du Cadran by Henry Bocage[12]
- 1872 - La revue n'est pas au coin du quai by Paul Siraudin[12]
- Unknown year - Orphée aux Enfers by Jacques Offenbach [1]
- Unknown year - La Belle-Hélène by Jacques Offenbach[1]
- 1873 - Les Sceptiques by Félicien Mallefille, role of Mme Landurel [16]
- 1873 - La Maison du mari by Xavier de Montépin and Victor Kervani[17]
- 1874 - Le Homard by Edmond Gondinet[12]
- 1874 - Les Samedis de madame by Eugène Labiche[12]
- 1874 - La Boule by Henri Meilhac[12]
- 1874 -Tricoche et Cacolet by Ludovic Halevy and Henri Meilhac [1]
- 1875 - Le Plus Heureux des trois by Eugène Labiche [12]
- 1876 - l'Avant-Scène, by Ernest Blum[1]
- Unknown year - la Mi-Ca-rême by Ludovic Halevy and Henri Meilhac[1]
- 1877 - Le Voyage dans la lune by Jacques Offenbach[12]
- 1877 - Les Mariages d'Autrefois by Adolphe d'Ennery, role of Angèle[18]
- 1878 - La Femme de chambre by Paul Ferrier, role of la femme de chambre[19]
- 1878 - Petite Correspondance by Najac and Hennequin[20]
- 1878 - Paris sans cocher by Paul Ferrier[21]
- 1878 - L'Âge ingrat by Edouard Pailleron[22]
- 1880 - Andréa by Victorien Sardou[12]
- 1883 - Les Affolés by Pierre Véron[12]
Life as a courtesan
[edit],_1878_circa.jpg?lang=en)
In addition to being an actress, Regnault was a successful courtesan and was included in contemporary police records of courtesans. She had relationships with many powerful men in the French government, who would give her large sums of money, jewels and occasionally houses. She was also noted in these records as having relationships with women.[2] By 1881 she owned several properties and had amassed a fortune of over 4 million francs.[5] She moved in the same circles as many of the most famous actresses and courtesans of the day, including Cora Pearl, Sarah Bernhardt, and Blanche d'Antigny.[2]
Artist's model
[edit]Regnault also posed for artists and photographers, and was the subject of three paintings exhibited at the Paris Salon. The first, done in 1878 but exhibited in 1880, was by Giovanni Boldini. He asked Regnault to pose for portrait on horseback.[23] She appeared in another painting in the 1880 Salon, L’Amazone by Louise Abbéma, which shows her on stairs outside of Sarah Bernhardt's home in a riding habit.[24] Her third portrait, this time by Gustave Courtois, appeared in the 1888 Salon.[25] She also posed for numerous photographs for Bacard Fils, André-Adolphe-Eugène Disderi and Nadar.
Later life
[edit]After retiring from the stage Regnault pursued writing. She published her first book, Mademoiselle Pomme in 1886 and her second, La Famille Carmettes, in 1888.[4] She also worked as a journalist under the pseudonym of Mitaine de Soie at the newspaper Le Gaulois.[3] In 1887, she secretly married the French writer Octave Mirbeau in London, whom she had been in a relationship with for three years.[5] Mirbeau died in 1917 and after his death, she published the fictitious Testament politique d’Octave Mirbeau, which was in fact written by former anti-militarist and pacifist Gustave Hervé. Sacha Guitry dramatized this event in his 1923 comedy, Un sujet de roman.[5] Alice Regnault died in Triel-sur-Seine on 12 July 1931 at the age of 82.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Paris-théâtre / rédacteur en chef E. Paz ; administrateur A. Godement". Gallica. 2 November 1876. Retrieved 13 March 2025.
- ^ a b c d Houbre, Gabrielle (2006). Le livre des courtisanes: archives secrètes de la police des moeurs, 1861-1876 (in French). Tallandier. ISBN 978-2-84734-344-1.
- ^ a b Dictionnaire national des contemporains : contenant les notices des membres de l'Institut de France, du gouvernement et du parlement français, de l'Académie de médecine.... T. 5 / sous la dir. de C.-E. Curinier. 1899–1919.
- ^ a b c "Alice Regnault (1849-1931)". data.bnf.fr. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
- ^ a b c d "REGNAULT, alice | Personnes". mirbeau.asso.fr. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
- ^ a b "Figaro : journal non politique". Gallica. 22 November 1868. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
- ^ "Figaro : journal non politique". Gallica. 16 May 1872. Retrieved 15 March 2025.
- ^ "Figaro : journal non politique". Gallica. 1 August 1872. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
- ^ "Le Tintamarre : journal de littérature, de musique, de mode et d'industrie, paraissant le dimanche / directeur : Commerson". Gallica. 2 February 1873. Retrieved 15 March 2025.
- ^ Temple Bar: A London Magazine for Town and Country Readers. Ward and Lock. 1874. p. 273.
- ^ "Tristan Jordan, La Comédie-Française A-T-Elle Accueilli Alice Regnault ? | PDF". Scribd. Retrieved 15 March 2025.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Alice Regnault". Les Archives du Spectacle (in French). 9 February 2025. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
- ^ "Le Gaulois : littéraire et politique". Gallica. 12 June 1869. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
- ^ "Figaro : journal non politique". Gallica. 16 May 1872. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
- ^ "Courrier des hôtels et Guide du commerce réunis : moniteur de l'exportation". Gallica. 15 May 1872. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
- ^ "Paris à l'eau-forte : actualité, curiosité, fantaisie / rédacteur en chef, Richard Lesclide ; directeur des eaux-fortes, Frédéric Régamey". Gallica. 1 March 1873. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
- ^ "Figaro : journal non politique". Gallica. 28 October 1873. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
- ^ "Figaro : journal non politique". Gallica. 24 November 1877. Retrieved 12 March 2025.
- ^ "Le Petit Parisien : journal quotidien du soir". Gallica. 11 February 1878. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
- ^ "Le Petit Parisien : journal quotidien du soir". Gallica. 4 July 1878. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
- ^ "Le Petit Parisien : journal quotidien du soir". Gallica. 21 August 1878. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
- ^ "Le Petit Parisien : journal quotidien du soir". Gallica. 14 December 1878. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
- ^ "RetroNews.fr - Le site de presse de la BnF". www.retronews.fr. Retrieved 15 March 2025.
- ^ Balducci, Temma (5 July 2017). "Women, Femininity and Public Space in European Visual Culture, 1789?914 ". Routledge. pp. 214–216. ISBN 978-1-351-53659-2.
- ^ Maupassant, Guy de (1909). Works of Guy de Maupassant. National Library Company. p. 232.
External links
[edit]- Mademoiselle Pomme (1886) by Alice Regnault
- La Famille Carmettes (1888) by Madame Octave Mirbeau, née Alice Regnault
- Alice Regnault, in Dictionnaire Octave Mirbeau.
- Pierre Michel, « Mirbeau et l'affaire Gyp », Littératures, n° 26, spring 1992, p. 201-219.
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