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Bafra

Coordinates: 41°34′20″N 35°54′53″E / 41.57222°N 35.91472°E / 41.57222; 35.91472
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about a district in Turkey. For the sports association commonly known as BAFRA, see British American Football Referees' Association.
Bafra
District and municipality
Atatürk Bulvar in Bafra
Atatürk Bulvar in Bafra
Map showing Bafra District in Samsun Province
Map showing Bafra District in Samsun Province
Bafra is located in Turkey
Bafra
Bafra
Location in Turkey
Coordinates: 41°34′20″N 35°54′53″E / 41.57222°N 35.91472°E / 41.57222; 35.91472
CountryTurkey
ProvinceSamsun
Government
 • MayorHamit Kılıç (AKP)
Area
1,503 km2 (580 sq mi)
Population
 (2023)[1]
143,109
 • Density95/km2 (250/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+3 (TRT)
Postal code
55400
Area code0362
ClimateCsa
Websitewww.bafra.bel.tr

Bafra is a municipality and district of Samsun Province, Turkey.[2] Covering about 1,500 km2,[3] and with over 140,000 inhabitants[1] it is a settlement located 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the Black Sea, in the fertile Kızılırmak Delta. The Bafra Plain is famous in Turkey for its rich soil and high quality tobacco growing conditions. The city is well known in Turkey for its ice cream, cigarettes, tobacco and agricultural produce. The city is located 52 km northwest of Samsun and is connected by State road D.010.

History

[edit]
Alibey Fountain

The name of the municipality is thought to have come from the Phoenician name "bafira" or "bavra".[4][5] Other beliefs about the etymology of the region come from the name "Ba-Hura" (Great River) given to Kizilirmak which generates the delta upon which the city is located. Historical records of human settlement in Bafra and the Kizilirmak delta date to as early as 5000 BC.[6]

The region came under the rule of the Rome who renamed the area Gadilon and later Helega. After the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, the area became part of the Byzantine Empire. The region was a part of the Byzantine Empire until the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. After that battle, Bafra was captured by the Anatolian Seljuk Ruler Kaykaus I. After being conquered by the Seljuk Empire the region was repopulated by members of various Turkmen tribes. The invasion of the Mongol Empire began in 1243 and led to the collapse of Seljuk Empire and the establishment of scattered Turkish principalities. During this period, the Bafra Principality was briefly established. This political arrangement continued until 1460, when Bafra was again conquered and made part of the Ottoman Empire.[7][need quotation to verify]

Under the Ottoman Empire, the town of Bafra was incorporated into Trabzon Province under the leadership of Canik Sanjak. The region flourished as an agricultural, fishing and shipping center under the Ottoman Empire. The exact date of the establishment of the modern town is not known, though according to historical census records it appears in 1854.[8][9][dead link]

Geography

[edit]

Bafra is located in the western portion of Samsun Province. The city is 52 km northwest of Samsun City Center and neighboring Atakum. The town directly to the east of Bafra is Ondokuzmayıs, the northern edge of the city is bounded by the Black Sea, to the west is Alçam and to the south Kavak, Havza and Vezirköprü. [citation needed]

Bafra sits in the Bafra Plain which is set in the Kızılırmak delta. To the south of the city are the Küre Mountains. The highest of these nearby mountains is Mount Nebiyan with an elevation of 1224 m. The Küre Mountains are the extensions of the Canik Mountains. The Kızılırmak River is Bafra's largest and Turkey's longest river. The river reaches the plain by crossing these mountains through a deep valley. The Bafra Plain was formed entirely by the sediment from the Kızılırmak River. The length of Kızılırmak is 1151 km. It river originates from Kızıl Mountain in Sivas and draws a wide arc through Central Anatolia before meeting the Black Sea north of Bafra. The rainy season in the region is between April and July during which floods are a common occurrence.[citation needed]

Subdivisions

[edit]

There are 139 neighbourhoods in Bafra District:[10]

  • Adaköy
  • Ağcaalan
  • Ağıllar
  • Akalan
  • Aktekke
  • Alaçam
  • Alparslan
  • Altınay
  • Altınkaya
  • Altınova
  • Altınyaprak
  • Asar
  • Asmaçam
  • Azay
  • Bahçeler
  • Bakırpınarı
  • Balıklar
  • Barış
  • Başaran
  • Başkaya
  • Bengü
  • Boğazkaya
  • Burunca
  • Büyükcami
  • Çalköy
  • Çamaltı
  • Çatak
  • Çataltepe
  • Çetinkaya
  • Çilhane
  • Çulhakoca
  • Cumhuriyet
  • Darboğaz
  • Dededağı
  • Dedeli
  • Derbent
  • Dereler
  • Dikencik
  • Doğanca
  • Doğankaya
  • Düzköy
  • Elalan
  • Eldavut
  • Elifli
  • Emenli
  • Emirefendi
  • Esençay
  • Evrenuşağı
  • Eynegazi
  • Fatih
  • Fener
  • Fevziçakmak
  • Gazibeyli
  • Gaziosmanpaşa
  • Gazipaşa
  • Gerzeliler
  • Gökalan
  • Gökçeağaç
  • Gökçekent
  • Gökçesu
  • Göltepe
  • Gümüşyaprak
  • Hacınabi
  • Hacıoğlu
  • Harız
  • Hıdırellez
  • Hüseyinbeyli
  • İğdir
  • İkizpınar
  • İkiztepe
  • İlyaslı
  • İnözükoşaca
  • İshaklı
  • İsmetpaşa
  • Kahraman
  • Kalaycılı
  • Kamberli
  • Kanlıgüney
  • Kapıkaya
  • Karaburç
  • Karakütük
  • Karıncak
  • Karpuzlu
  • Kavakpınar
  • Kaygusuz
  • Kelikler
  • Kemalpaşa
  • Keresteci
  • Kızılırmak
  • Kolay
  • Komşupınar
  • Koruluk
  • Köseli
  • Koşu
  • Kozağzı
  • Küçükkavakpınar
  • Kuşçular
  • Kuşluğan
  • Kuzalan
  • Lengerli
  • Meşelitürkmenler
  • Mevlana
  • Müstecep
  • Örencik
  • Ortadurak
  • Osmanbeyli
  • Ozan
  • Paşaşeyh
  • Sahilkent
  • Şahinkaya
  • Sarıçevre
  • Sarıkaya
  • Sarıköy
  • Sarpın
  • Selemelik
  • Şeyhören
  • Şeyhulaş
  • Şirinköy
  • Sürmeli
  • Tabakhane
  • Taşköprü
  • Tepebaşı
  • Tepecik
  • Terzili
  • Türbe
  • Türkköyü
  • Tütüncüler
  • Üçpınar
  • Uluağaç
  • Yağmurca
  • Yaka
  • Yakıntaş
  • Yenialan
  • Yeniköy
  • Yeraltı
  • Yeşilköy
  • Yeşilyazı
  • Yiğitalan
  • Yörgüç

Climate

[edit]

Bafra experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa),[11] with very warm, moderately dry summers, and cool, rainy, sporadically snowy winters.[12]

Climate data for Bafra (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 9.1
(48.4) 		10.0
(50.0) 		12.4
(54.3) 		15.9
(60.6) 		20.5
(68.9) 		25.2
(77.4) 		27.8
(82.0) 		28.2
(82.8) 		24.6
(76.3) 		20.4
(68.7) 		15.7
(60.3) 		11.2
(52.2) 		18.5
(65.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 6.0
(42.8) 		6.2
(43.2) 		8.0
(46.4) 		11.1
(52.0) 		15.7
(60.3) 		20.5
(68.9) 		23.3
(73.9) 		23.7
(74.7) 		20.0
(68.0) 		16.1
(61.0) 		11.6
(52.9) 		8.0
(46.4) 		14.2
(57.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 3.6
(38.5) 		3.3
(37.9) 		4.7
(40.5) 		7.6
(45.7) 		12.0
(53.6) 		16.4
(61.5) 		19.1
(66.4) 		19.8
(67.6) 		16.3
(61.3) 		12.8
(55.0) 		8.6
(47.5) 		5.6
(42.1) 		10.9
(51.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 77.22
(3.04) 		58.42
(2.30) 		61.27
(2.41) 		51.1
(2.01) 		47.22
(1.86) 		42.43
(1.67) 		28.74
(1.13) 		45.07
(1.77) 		58.6
(2.31) 		85.04
(3.35) 		82.49
(3.25) 		105.4
(4.15) 		743.0
(29.25)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 10.5 9.2 9.4 8.1 6.9 5.8 3.5 4.9 6.3 8.5 8.2 10.7 92.0
Average relative humidity (%) 75.3 76.9 79.1 80.5 81.3 77.4 75.1 75.9 78.2 80.2 75.2 73.6 77.4
Source: NOAA[13]
A Panoramic Photo of Bafra

Economy

[edit]

Bafra's economy has historically been driven by the growth and export of tobacco. The region's tobacco is known to be very low nicotine, small, red, light red colored, fine-grained, fine-grained, elastic, high-smoked, sweet, and aromatic. Foreign cigarette manufacturers were said to desire the tobacco grown on the Bafra Plain in order to improve the quality of their products. Bafra tobacco was long sought as the highest quality of natural tobacco in the world.[14] Due to a variety of factors including agricultural mismanagement, reduced demand, logistical challenges and innovation in tobacco growth elsewhere in the world has led to a decline in tobacco exports from Bafra. This has had a significant adverse effect on the local population and contributed to persistently high unemployment and out-migration among working age people in the region. This crisis was further exacerbated by the Turkish government's shutdown of TEKEL. Today tobacco production in the region is negligible with most former farms now growing other products.[15]

Cuisine

[edit]
  • İçli Pide: is Bafra's most famous dish. Colloquially known as Pide, this is a popular and savory dish known for its origins in and around Samsun.[16]
  • Nokul: is a type of puff pastry. Nokul is a type of pastry eaten in Turkey and Bulgaria with variations. Nokul is sometimes served hot as an appetizer instead of bread. It consists of a rolled sheet of yeast dough onto which feta-style white cheese, walnut or poppy seed is sprinkled over a thin coat of butter. The dough is then rolled, cut into individual portions, and baked.[17]
  • Turkish delight with Cream: Residents of Bafra use a special cream made from buffalo milk. This is only available during certain months of the year.
  • Dondurma: A special type of sticky, yellow vanilla ice cream is produced in Bafra and is regionally popular. The ice cream is pounded and produced in a fashion that takes several hours.[citation needed]

Festivals

[edit]
  • Karadede Fair: A fair with over 100 years of history that was established in Gökçeağaç Village. The festival is held annually in Bafra on the last Sunday of August. Thousands of people attend the fair enjoying concerts, various events and shows. The fair has a wide array of stands and food vendors.[18]
  • Bafra Watermelon Festival: An annual celebration is held in Bafra to celebrate the welcoming of watermelon to Turkey. The festival includes concerts, folklore performances, exhibitions and conferences about watermelon. The festival ceased operation in 2014.[citation needed]
  • Sele-Sepet top Kandil: A festival held on the 15th night of Ramadan month.[citation needed]
  • Kapikaya Festival: Nature and Sports Festival: A festival that lasts for 5 days on the Kapikaya Hill to the south of Bafra. The festival offers the opportunity to do various outdoor sports and aims to bring together national and international athletes over a shared love of nature.[citation needed]

Weaving and crafts

[edit]

Regional crafts such as carpet and rug knitting have continued to hold an important place in the life of residents of Bafra. Rug weaving, wicker and zembell knitting and other handicrafts made by residents play a part in the region's economy and touristic appeal.[18]

References

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  1. ^ a b "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2023, Favorite Reports" (XLS) (in Turkish). Turkish Statistical Institute. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  2. ^ Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  3. ^ "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  4. ^ Zengin, H. 2001. Samsun with its Cultural Values from Past to Present Archived February 2, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, p.27. Near East University, Nicosia, KKTC.
  5. ^ Erdin, E., 2006. Bafra and Dams Archived 31 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey.
  6. ^ "Baframız Hakkında" [About our Bafra]. Bafralılar Kültür ve Yardımlaşma Derneği [Bafra People's Culture and Solidarity Association] (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2022-05-09. Retrieved 2022-05-09.
  7. ^ Hilal Inalcik, The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300-1600
  8. ^ "Bafra date information". Archived from the original on 2014-12-31.
  9. ^ "Bafra date". Archived from the original on 2014-09-15.
  10. ^ Mahalle, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  11. ^ "Table 1 Overview of the Köppen-Geiger climate classes including the defining criteria". Nature: Scientific Data.
  12. ^ "Kar Örtülü Gün Sayısı" (PDF). MGM.
  13. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Bafra". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
  14. ^ "Bafra and World Use of Turkish Tobacco". Archived from the original on June 3, 2015.
  15. ^ "Decreased Production AA News". Archived from the original on June 5, 2013.
  16. ^ "Pita and Bafra Pita History". Archived from the original on 22 May 2015.
  17. ^ "Cevizli lokum Bursa'nın". blog.milliyet.com.tr.
  18. ^ a b "Bafra'da Sosyal ve Kültürel Hayat" [Social and Cultural Life in Bafra]. www.recepsen.com (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 28 August 2014.
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