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Betchton

Coordinates: 53°07′27″N 2°19′45″W / 53.124069°N 2.329085°W / 53.124069; -2.329085
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Betchton
Betchton is located in Cheshire
Betchton
Betchton
Location within Cheshire
Population677 (2011)
OS grid referenceSJ780585
Civil parish
  • Betchton
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townSandbach
Postcode districtCW11
Dialling code01270
PoliceCheshire
FireCheshire
AmbulanceNorth West
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Cheshire
53°07′27″N 2°19′45″W / 53.124069°N 2.329085°W / 53.124069; -2.329085

Betchton is a civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 620,[1] increasing to 677 at the 2011 Census.[2] The population at the census of 2021 was 701.[3] At the census of 1801 the population was 798, but the boundaries may have been slightly different. The parish is immediately to the east of Sandbach, and includes Betchton Heath, a village now partly named Sandbach Heath, Hassall Green, the hamlets of Boults Green, Dean Hill, Dubthorn, Fourlanes End, Lawton Heath End and Malkin's Bank. There are numerous scattered farms and dwellings.[4]

The parish elects 10 councillors to the parish council.[5]

Governance

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Betchton civil parish was originally part of Sandbach Ancient Parish, and was created a separate parish from it in 1866. It also was part of Nantwich Hundred, Congleton Poor Law Union, Rural Sanitary District, and (after 1866) it formed part of Congleton Rural District[6] until 1974, when it became part of the Borough of Congleton.


In terms of parliamentary representation, the Betchton area (including the period before the creation of the civil parish) was in the Cheshire, Southern Division constituency from 1832 to 1867; in the Cheshire South Division constituency from 1867 to 1885; in the Crewe division, from 1885 to 1948; from 1948 it was in Knutsford County Constituency,[6] but it is currently in Congleton County Constituency.[7] Members of Parliament 1983-2010 Ann Winterton, Conservative. 2010-May 2024 Fiona Bruce Conservative. 2024 - Sarah Russell Labour.

History

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The township of Betchton, although not named in the Domesday Survey of 1086, is likely to be one of the two divisions of Eteshale referred to under Hassall which passed to the Audley family as part of the Barony of Nantwich. The Barony of Nantwich passed to Eleanor de Malbanc. Betchton was held by a family of that name. At his death in 1307-9 Mattliev de Betchton held the vill of Betchton from Thomas, son of Nicholas de Audley, by knight’s service and a rent of 2s per annum.[8]

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The web of roadways, tracks and paths in the parish came into being in earlier times to serve the cultural, agricultural and trading needs of the local population. Many are maintained and still meet these needs, but others, while having fallen into disrepair, still provide opportunities for riders and walkers.[9]

In contrast to this ancient pattern, the A50 Trunk Road, the A533 road, the canal, the railway and the M6 motorway are all orientated north to south, being built to meet the wider national trading needs.

The A50, which skirts the east of the parish at Four Lane Ends, follows what was known in Medieval times as The Great Route to the North, the road from London to Carlyle. In 1731 the Lawton and Cranage Turnpike Trust was established to maintain the road and to collect tolls.[10] Although nothing remains in the parish to mark the existence of the Trust, there were tollgates at Greenbank, Lawton, at Arclid, with a weighing engine, and at Holmes Chapel. A milestone remains at Brereton Green carrying the trust's name.[11] The Chester Courant dated 30 May 1837 advertised the tolls arising from the turnpike between Lawton and Holmes Chapel were to be let by auction.[12] The A50 remained one of the principal arteries of the road network until the building of the M6 motorway. Long stretches of the A50 were made three-lane, but these were later removed.[13]


The A533, which begins in central Cheshire, runs south via Winsford, Middlewich and Sandbach and on into North Staffordshire. It passes through the centre of the parish with two crossroads, one at Dubthorne for Sanbach Heath and Boults Green, the other at Cappers Lane (The New Inn) for Smallwood and Hassall Green. There are three smaller junctions, Stannerhouse Lane, leading to Malkins Bank and Hassall Green; at Dean Hill, where Hood Lane follows the old road to Arclid; and one at Chells Hill for Betchton Hall and Smallwood. Thereafter the road divides for Alsager and Kidsgrove.[14] This road was thought at one time to be on the course of King Street, the Roman Road from Warrington in Cheshire to Chesterton in North Staffordshire.[15] However, more recent research has put the Roman road to the east of the A533, leaving Sandbach at Mill Hill Lane, crossing the stream and on through Betchton, via Malkins Bank, to Hassall and beyond.[16] If not Roman in origin, then it must be assumed to have already been a busy artery when, in about 1788, by an Act of Parliament, the road was turnpiked and became the Spann Smithy to Talk turnpike.[17] It was further improved in 1802 with the section running south from Dean Hill to the Cappers Lane crossroads being straightened and a new bridge built over the tributary of the River Wheelock. Brook Farm, Townsend Cottages and Townsend Farm (at that time the Sun at Noon public house) were bypassed. The Turnpike Trust built a new public house to meet the needs of travellers, called The New Inn, and beside it a toll house with a side-bar. There was another toll house and gate at Chells Hill. To the north, the turnpike joined the Spann Smithy, Booth Lane and Winsford Turnpike at Ettiley Heath, Sandbach. At Bostock, in Vale Royal, there is a milepost bearing the Trust’s name.[18] In 1946, the A533 was designated a Trunk Road, and in 1962, the road was realigned south of Dubthorne, to allow for a bridge to be built spanning the new M6 Motorway. There is no access to the Motorway but service vehicles have access here to the M6 Services. Until the Motorway took some of the heavy traffic, the A533 was a busy thoroughfare, particularly on Thursdays. In the 1950's traffic queues could stretch back a mile or more when coach loads of shoppers came to enjoy a Potteries Wakes Week[19] day out at Sandbach Market.

The Canal

Authorised by an Act of Parliament, the 93 mile long Trent & Mersey Canal (James Brindley's "Grand Trunk") linking the Bridgewater Canal at Preston Brook with the River Trent below Shardlow was fully opened in May 1777. This was ten years after Josiah Wedgwood cut the first sod.[20] On the four-mile stretch of canal through Betchton, between the River Wheelock aqueduct and the Church Lawton Aqueduct where the canal crosses the A50 Liverpool Road, there are fourteen locks, a further aqueduct at Chells Hill, and seventeen bridges, including one where the M6 Motorway passes over the canal.[21] Eight structures are listed by Historic England, namely four bridges, two locks, and two mileposts.[22] Being a narrow gauge canal, the dimensions of the locks restrict use to boats up to seven feet wide and seventy-two feet in length. The fourteen locks are part of a much longer flight where the canal ascends more than one hundred and fifty feet from Malkins Bank into North Staffordshire.[23] The working boats, often with the family living onboard, carried goods to and from the area, the trade benefitting the whole parish, especially Malkins Bank and Hassall Green. The canal's freight activity mainly involved carrying timber, coal and limestone to the thriving salt works at Malkins Bank, and taking their product away. Milk and other agricultural products were carried to the towns of Stoke on Trent, and stable manure transported the other way. Today it is pleasure boats that ply the canal, while the towpaths provide attractive waterside walks.

The Railway

Built by the North Staffordshire Railway company, the line through Betchton, opened as a goods traffic only line in 1852. It is part of the six and a half mile line from Ettiley Heath to Lawton Junction. Originally there was to be a line from Liverpool to Stoke-upon-Trent, but this plan was abandoned, and the line was extended to join with the London and North Western Railway at Sandbach in 1866. As there was no station in Betchton until 1905, parishioners used Sandbach station and later, from 1893, Wheelock station. Towards the end of the 19th century a passenger service began running to Harecastle and Kidsgrove. There with just three trains each way per day, with extra services provided on Thursdays for Sandbach market, and on Saturdays. There was no Sunday service.

In 1905 a new station was opened at Hassall Green and there was a signal box and crossing gates.[24] Hassall Green station marked the end point of a single track section from Lawton, and towards Sandbach the line was double track. The station was closed to passengers in 1930 and to freight in 1947.

Passenger service frequency on the line had been reduced in 1927, and, despite the popularity of weekend excursions to Trentham Gardens near Stoke, the passenger service ended in 1930.[25] Following the lines closure and the line being lifted in 1971, the signal box and crossing gates were moved to Hooton in the Wirral. As with the canal, the bed of the railway has found a new use providing scenic walks such as the. Salt Line, Borrow Pit Meadows and Wheelock Rail Trail.[26]


The M6 Motorway This dual three-lane motorway is the major road route through the parish. It is part of the 230 mile long motorway running from M6 Junction 45 at Gretna on the Scottish border to where it joins the M1 at Junction 19. The section through Betchton begins south of Junction 17, the A534 for Sandbach and Congleton, extending to north of Junction 16, the A500 for Crewe, Weston, Nantwich, Newcastle Under Lime and Stoke on Trent. Construction work was begun by the main contractors, Sir Lindsay Parkinson, in June 1961 and was completed in July 1963 at a cost of about six hundred thousand pounds per mile. To put this cost in perspective, the average wage for a male factory worker was £16 for a 47 hour week - women earning considerably less.[27] A batching plant[28] was needed, so this and offices were built at a base site on land between the A533 and the site of the present Sandbach Services. To achieve a steady incline and to reduce the height of the embankment bridging the River Wheelock, and of the canal and road at Hassall Green, a deep cutting had to be made southward from Junction 17. The river was put to run through two culverts, backfilled above with sand from the cutting. There are just three bridges over the motorway on this stretch. The building of the motorway involved the loss of a considerable amount of productive farmland, one farm being lost completely, and two years of minor traffic disruption. It did, however, provide employment for local people and broadened people’s horizons with the influx of engineers and workers from other areas. In response to the level of traffic (it is one of the busiest sections of the M6) lighting was installed and it has since been upgraded to a "smart motorway".[29]

Public Houses

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Until early this century, Betchton had two public houses, The New Inn and The Red Lion, both are now closed, converted to dwellings and commercial use. The New Inn at Cappers Lane on the A533, and its predecessor nearby, The Sun at Noon, now Townsend Farm, would have drawn custom both from the local district and from travellers on the A533. The other house, The Red Lion was on Betchton Lane at Hassall Green. Being on a smaller road, it would have mainly attracted local custom, but with the coming of the Trent and Mersey Canal the pub found a different and wider clientele. The name of The Red Lion was changed to The Romping Donkey following an incident when a local took his donkey into the pub for a drink. There were numbers of pubs just outside the parish. On the parish boundary with Smallwood on the A50 at Four Lanes End are The Bulls Head and The Salamanca (now closed). And, a little further to the north, The Legs of Man at Arclid. Further south there was The Horseshoe and The Lawton Arms at Church Lawton, and The Broughton Arms at Rode Heath. On the parish boundary with Sandbach, at The Hill, was The Travellers Rest, now rebuilt and called The Sandpiper. There is no pub at Malkins Bank, but at Wheelock are the Commercial and The Nags Head, both now closed, and The Cheshire Cheese. Being on the A534 Sandbach to Crewe road, and close to the canal, in former times there was sufficient custom for the three pubs. Malkins Bank Golf Course has a restaurant and bar.

The Built Environment

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Named in the parish are:- Bank Farm, Betchton Farm, Betchton Hall farm, Betchton Heath, Betchton House, Bostock House, Bottomless Mere, Boults Green Farm, Brook Farm, Butcher's Bank, Cappers Lane, Chellshill, Colley Lane, The Cross, Cross Farm, Daisy Bank, Day Green, Dean Hill, Drumber Farm, Dubthorn, Dunnock's Fold Farm, The Fields, Fields Farm, Fingerpost Farm, Four Lanes End, Gravel Bank Farm, Hassall Green, Hassall Moss, Hassall Pool, Lady's Well, Lawton Heath End, Love Lane, Love Lane Farm, Lynnhouse Bridge, Lynnhouse Farm, Malkin's Bank, Malkin's Bank Farm, Malkin's Bank Works, Manor House, Manor Farm, New Inn, Oaktree Farm, Peartree Farm, Red Lion, Roddymoor Mill, Roughwood Bridge, Roughwood Farm, Roughwood Bridge, Roughwood Hill Farm, Roughwood Mill, Roughwood Higher Mill, Roughwood Lower Mill, Sant Farm(lost), Stannerhouse Lane, Tall Chimneys, Thurlwood Farm, Townsend Farm, Vicarage Farm, Walnut Tree Farm.

Among the Listed Buildings in Betchton are seven half-timbered farm houses dating from the sixteenth and seventeenth century, but for the greater part Betchton farm houses are of a later date. These are sturdy, two storey structures with few architectural or decorative features. They are built of a mellow, red-brown brick below a tiled roof, with the accompanying farm buildings mirroring the farm house in form and materials. Built in the eighteenth and nineteenth century, they probably replaced earlier dwellings on the same sites. The building of these farmsteads, representing a substantial investment, reflected a confidence in the future of farming. It is suggested that during The Agricultural Revolution yields per acre doubled between 1650 and 1850, and productivity per agricultural worker increased two and a half fold. In many cases there have been later additions to the original farm buildings. There are Dutch barns with curved galvanised, corrugated-iron roofs used for the storage of hay and straw, and, built since the Second World War, large pitched-roof buildings for livestock. These are of either galvanised iron or of corrugated asbestos, often with the sides fully enclosed with timber cladding. Silage storage and more intensive stocking has necessitated the laying of concrete yards.

Associated with farming or other local enterprises are the occasional small terraces built to provide homes for workers, and sometimes a second dwelling built alongside or near the farm. These where farmers have built bungalows and houses for their retirement. Examples can be found in the bungalow at Chells Hill and The Grove House at Boults Green on the A533.

Opposite The Grove, on the A533 there are a number of large detached properties built at various times over the last century, mainly by tradespeople from Sandbach.

For many years the largest and most impressive house in the parish was Betchton Hall, also called Betchton House. Set back a little way from the road, it is a rebuilding of an older half timbered country house, built in brick with stone dressings beneath a slate roof. Built in the sixteenth century, it was extended in the early 19th century with some of the original timber-framing being retained. The house, on two storeys, has a seven-bay frontage with a central arched doorway, and Venetion windows on the south west elevation. The File Brook, which joins the River Wheelock, runs alongside and crosses Love Lane at this point. Betchton Hall Farm stands nearby. The Leverage family lived at Betchton House till the seventeenth century when it passed to the Galley family who adopted the name Jackson.[30] It was Richard Jackson, Prebendary of Chester who had the Hall substantially rebuilt in the 18th century. In the early years of the following century it was extended for Richard Galley.  Joseph Hilditch and his son, Brian are recorded as living in the Hall in the early eighteen hundreds. A Captain Davies Bunton is recorded as residing there in 1906, and more recently the family of Sidney Vaughan Gaskell lived at the Hall.

Betchton Hall’s position as the pre-eminent property in the parish has now been eclipsed by the re-development of Roughwood Hill Farm, the house and buildings of which have been replaced by a modern mansion set in its own estate. In 2019 an archaeological report was completed on the site and on the former buildings.[31] Following this, the architectural designers, Foster and Partners, designed a modern mansion for Denise Coates and her family. The property reportedly features an Olympic size swimming pool, an artificial lake with boat house, tennis courts, stables, ornamental gardens and workers’ cottages, all set behind security fences. The estate is valued at over £90 million and stands on a 52 acre site. [32] The Sun newspaper reported on, and described the property on 10th January 2024,[33] as did the Daily Mail Online on 26th May 2025.[34]


Almost out of sight, at the end of Vicarage Lane at Boults Green stands Tall Chimneys, an impressive Gothic Revival building designed by George Gilbert Scott, the famous church architect who also oversaw work on Sandbach Church and designed Sandbach Heath Church and other buildings in Sandbach. Tall Chimneys was built in 1848 as a vicarage for John Armitstead, the then vicar of Sandbach. The land around the house was formerly well wooded parkland, but, according to Cyril Massey [35] the parkland has lost much of its charm. The house, no longer a vicarage, is divided into flats in the middle of the last century.

The coming of the canal left Malkins Bank and Hassall Green with a rich architectural heritage of bridges and locks, and, at both, a ribbon of small cottages and some industrial buildings. Lock 57 at Hassall Green, and the associated buildings provide just one example of this.[36] Four canal bridges, three locks and two milestones have listed status. [37] For the most part the North Staffordshire Railway left little of architectural interest, the lines being lifted in 1971, and the signal box and gates having been removed and re-erected at Hadlow Road Railway Station, Willaston in the Wirral. Only Hassall Green station building, opened in 1905, remains, now an attractive roadside dwelling.

During the last century Council Houses were built at Malkins Bank and at Charles Square, Hassall Green, and there has been further private development in these centres, mainly on brown field sites. Otherwise, there has been little in the way of new housing in the parish in recent times. Perhaps the most intriguing building in the parish is St Philip's Church on New Inn Lane, Hassall Green, a church in the diocese of Chester. The building, constructed in corrugated galvanised iron, is popularly referred to as the Tin tabernacle. Dating from the early 1889s, the building had originally stood on Crewe Road, Alsager until replaced by the permanent Church of St Mary Magdalene. The Tin-tabernacle was purchased for £150 (equivalent to £22,000 in 2023), and moved to Hassall Green. The church is painted pink with white bargeboards. The authors of the Buildings of England series describe it as a "candyfloss-pink tin tabernacle".

There were water mills at Roughwood. but these no longer operate.


There was a petrol filling station at Cappers Lane, but since this closed there is no filling station in the parish. At various times there have been village shops at Malkins Bank, at Hassall Green and at Cappers Lane, but, while the properties remain, the shops are long since closed. Up until the 1960s the Co-op operated a mobile shop which visited the various communities.


World War I and World War II

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Men were lost to both these wars, their loss marked in the churches that serve the parish and on the war memorial at Sandbach. Among those recorded on the war memorial are ten men who had worked for Brunner Monde at Malkins Bank, killed in World War I. They were among the 128 men encouraged to sign up by Brunner Monde’s offer of half pay for as long as they were enlisted.[38] Women had always worked alongside men in the salt industry, and more stepped in to replace the men away at war.

At Hassall Green there is a small brick building, the only visible remains of Q102A, a dummy airfield with landing lights to distract German Bombers looking to find Cranage airfield, 8 miles to the north. It was manned by a small unit from 1941 to 1943.[39]


The Betchton Royalty

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The Betchton Royalty, or The Freeholders of the Manor of Betchton, is an entity which came into being in 1602 when Thomas Egerton, and his son John, sold part of the Manor of Betchton to the Betchton freeholders, John Wheelock, Richard Shaw, William Shaw and Hugh Furnival. Hugh Furnival was likely the owner of Boults Green Farm at that time. These freeholders held common right to graze and to cut turf on Betchton Heath, Sandbach Heath. The land was later enclosed, roads made and two farmsteads built. The Betchton Royalty is held in perpetuity and the land can not be sold. The rent from this land is still paid to the successors of the original freeholders.[40]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Official 2001 Census Figures. Neighbourhood Statistics Website. Retrieval Date: 23 August 2007.
  2. ^ "Civil Parish population 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistice. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  3. ^ "United Kingdom: North West England". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  4. ^ "Betchton Major Settlement in the Parish of Sandbach". epns.nottingham.ac.uk.
  5. ^ Betchton Parish Council website. Archived September 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Retrieval Date: 23 August 2007.
  6. ^ a b Youngs, F. A. (1991). page 8.
  7. ^ Election Maps website. Archived 2008-03-07 at the Wayback Machine Source for current Parliamentary Constituency Boundaries. Retrieval Date: 23 August 2007.
  8. ^ Earwaker, John Parsons; Holmes Chapel (Chapelry); Goostrey (Chapelry) (1890). The history of the ancient parish of Sandbach, co. Chester. Including the two chapelries of Holmes chapel and Goostry. From original records. Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. [London Redhill, Printed by the Hansard publishing union] for private circulation. p. 147.
  9. ^ "TALL CHIMNEYS" (PDF). sandbachfootpaths.org.
  10. ^ "HeritageGateway - Home *". www.heritagegateway.org.uk. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  11. ^ Pulling, J C. "Holmes Chapel History Society". www.holmeschapelhistory.co.uk. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  12. ^ https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/search/results?basicsearch=chapel%20road&somesearch=chapel%20road&retrievecountrycounts=false&newspapertitle=chester%2Bcourant&sortorder=2&page=7. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)[failed verification]
  13. ^ "A50 - Roader's Digest: The SABRE Wiki". www.sabre-roads.org.uk. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  14. ^ "A533 Roader's Digest: The SABRE Wiki". www.sabre-roads.org.uk.
  15. ^ Watkin William Thompson 2023 Creative Media Partners ISBN 1021868205. 97811021868206 Page 73
  16. ^ "Roman Roads in Cheshire". www.romanroads.org.
  17. ^ Spann Smithy and Talk Turnpike Available online at https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/contents/enacted Accessed 18 April 2025
  18. ^ "Geograph:: Old Milepost by the A533, Bostock Road,... © Debbie Williams". www.geograph.org.uk.
  19. ^ "ent 13 Wakes Annual Workers Holiday".
  20. ^ "Trent & Mersey Canal Society – founded in 1974". Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  21. ^ "Trent and Mersey Canal (Main Line - Harding's Wood to Middlewich) – Gazetteer – CanalPlanAC". canalplan.uk.
  22. ^ Historic England, "Bridge No 148, Betchton (1309982)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 05 May 2025
  23. ^ Lindsay Jean Olivia Trent and Mersey Canal 1979 David and Charles isb-10 0715377817
  24. ^ Jeuda, Basil (2012). The North Staffordshire Railway in LMS days. Vol. 2. Lydney, Gloucestershire: Lightmoor Press. ISBN 978-1899889-65-5.
  25. ^ The Sandbach Branch Christiansen, Rex; Miller, Robert William (1971). The North Staffordshire Railway. Newton Abbot, Devon: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-5121-4
  26. ^ "Wheelock Rail Trail and Canal Circular".
  27. ^ "Working Hours and Earnings (Hansard, 27 January 1964)". api.parliament.uk.
  28. ^ "Concrete plant". 4 November 2023 – via Wikipedia.
  29. ^ https://assets.highwaysengland.co.uk/roads/roadsprojects/m6-junction+16+19+Smart+Motorway/M6+J16+19+October+2018+newsletter.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  30. ^ Earwaker, John Parsons; Holmes Chapel (Chapelry); Goostrey (Chapelry) (1890). The history of the ancient parish of Sandbach, co. Chester. Including the two chapelries of Holmes chapel and Goostry. From original records. Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. [London Redhill, Printed by the Hansard publishing union] for private circulation.
  31. ^ https://doi.org/10.5284/1058850
  32. ^ https://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/denise-coates-house/
  33. ^ https://www.the-sun.com/news26/98888/denise-coates-house-bet365-cheshire-mansion/
  34. ^ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-12944169/The-90m-house-bets-built-Bet365-tycoon-Denise-Coates-finally-finishes-work-sprawling-TescoExtra-mansion-spending-5-5m-buying-neighbours-land-locals-reveal-Britains-richest-woman-commutes-work-one-TWO-helecopters.html/
  35. ^ Massey Cyril (1958) History of Sandbach and District Johnsons of Nantwich
  36. ^ htts://www.canalsidenomes.uk/the-history-of-lock-57-cottage-and-belvedere-house-hassall-green/
  37. ^ https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/english/buildings-cheshire-east
  38. ^ "A History of WHEELOCK And the surrounding area" (PDF). themeister.co.uk.
  39. ^ https://betchtonpc.org/local-history/betchton-at-war.html [bare URL]
  40. ^ Massey Cyril (1958) History of Sandbach and District Johnsons of Nantwich

Bibliography

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  • Youngs, F. A. (1991). Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England. Volume I: Northern England. London: Royal Historical Society. ISBN 0-86193-127-0.
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Media related to Betchton at Wikimedia Commons

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