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Blossfeldia

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Blossfeldia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Cactaceae
Subfamily: Cactoideae
Tribe: Blossfeldieae
Crozier
Genus: Blossfeldia
Werderm.
Species:
B. liliputana
Binomial name
Blossfeldia liliputana
Werderm.[1]
Synonyms[1]
  • Blossfeldia atroviridis F.Ritter
  • Blossfeldia campaniflora Backeb. nom. inval.
  • Blossfeldia cryptocarpa (R.Kiesling & Piltz) Halda
  • Blossfeldia fechseri Backeb. nom. inval.
  • Blossfeldia minima F.Ritter
  • Blossfeldia pedicellata F.Ritter
  • Parodia liliputana (Werderm.) N.P. Taylor

Blossfeldia is a genus of cacti (family Cactaceae) containing only one species, Blossfeldia liliputana,[1] native to South America in northwestern Argentina[2] (Jujuy,[3] Salta, Tucumán, Catamarca and Mendoza Provinces)[4] and southern Bolivia[2] (Santa Cruz and Potosí Departments).[4] It grows at 1,200–3,500 m altitude in the Andes, typically growing in rock crevices,[2] and often close to waterfalls.[citation needed]

Description

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It is the smallest cactus species in the world, with a mature size around 10–12 mm diameter, solitary or with many dark-green stems forming colonies in the fissures of the rocks; it does not have ribs or tubercles, nor spines. The flowers are white or rarely pink, 6–15 mm long, and 5–7 mm diameter.[2]

The genus Blossfeldia has been divided into many separate species, but most morphological evidence indicates the genus to be monotypic, and contains only B. liliputiana.[5] The flowers emerge from the apex of the stem, 0.5 to 1 cm long and 0.5 cm in diameter, white. They self-pollinate. The fruit is globose, red, and woolly, with very small, brown seeds.

The species is named after the fictional country of Lilliput, where all of the inhabitants are minute.

Taxonomy

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The genus and species were first described in 1937 by Erich Werdermann after being discovered in northern Argentina by Harry Blossfeld and Oreste Marsoner, while exploring northern Argentina in 1936.[3] The genus name honors Blossfeld.[2] B. liliputiana has several features making it unique among cacti, including a very small number of stomata, the absence of a thickened cuticle, and hairy seeds with an aril. It is placed in the subfamily Cactoideae, and traditionally in the tribe Notocacteae.[2] However, molecular phylogenetic studies have repeatedly shown that it is sister to the remaining members of the subfamily, and well removed from other genera placed in the Notocacteae:[6][7]

subfamily Cactoideae

Blossfeldia

tribe Cacteae

core Cactoideae, including traditional members of tribe Notocacteae

Nyffeler and Eggli, in their 2010 classification of Cactaceae, accepted tribe Blossfeldieae as outlined by Crozier,[8] within Cactoideae.[9] Earlier, Blossfeldia was considered as a distinct genus within the tribe Notocacteae;[2] it had even been placed in an entirely separate subfamily, Blossfeldioideae.[8]

A nomenclature synonym is Parodia liliputana (Werderm.) N.P.Taylor (1987).

References

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  1. ^ a b c "Blossfeldia liliputana Werderm". The Plant List. Retrieved 2017-04-01.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Anderson, Edward F. (2001). The Cactus Family. Pentland, Oregon: Timber Press. pp. 129–130. ISBN 978-0-88192-498-5.
  3. ^ a b Werdermann, Von E. (1937). "Aus den Sammelergebnissen der Reisen von H. Bloßfeld und O. Marsoner durch Südamerika III" (PDF). Kakteenkunde. 11: 161–163.
  4. ^ a b Leuenberger, Beat Ernst (2008). "Pereskia, Maihuenia, and Blossfeldia—Taxonomic History, Updates, and Notes". Haseltonia. 14: 54–93. doi:10.2985/1070-0048-14.1.54. S2CID 86232406.
  5. ^ "Blossfeldia liliputana". llifle.com. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
  6. ^ Bárcenas, Rolando T; Yesson, Chris & Hawkins, Julie A (2011). "Molecular systematics of the Cactaceae". Cladistics. 27 (5): 470–489. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00350.x. PMID 34875796. S2CID 83525136.
  7. ^ Hernández-Hernández, Tania; Hernández, Héctor M.; De-Nova, J. Arturo; Puente, Raul; Eguiarte, Luis E. & Magallón, Susana (2011). "Phylogenetic relationships and evolution of growth form in Cactaceae (Caryophyllales, Eudicotyledoneae)". American Journal of Botany. 98 (1): 44–61. doi:10.3732/ajb.1000129. PMID 21613084.
  8. ^ a b Crozier, B.S. (2004). "Subfamilies of Cactaceae Juss., including Blossfeldioideae subfam. nov". Phytologia. 86: 52–64. Retrieved 2017-04-01.
  9. ^ Nyffeler, R. & Eggli, U. (2010). "A farewell to dated ideas and concepts: molecular phylogenetics and a revised suprageneric classification of the family Cactaceae". Schumannia. 6: 109–149. doi:10.5167/uzh-43285. S2CID 89650660.

Bibliography

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