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Chief Justice of India

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Chief Justice of India
Head of highest judicial authority in India
Insignia of the SCI
since 14 May 2025
Supreme Court
TypeChief Justice
StatusPresiding Judge of Supreme Court of India
AbbreviationCJI
Residence5, Krishna Menon Marg, Sunehri Bagh, New Delhi, India[1]
SeatSupreme Court of India, New Delhi, India
NominatorOutgoing Chief Justice of India, generally on the basis of Seniority
AppointerPresident of India
Term lengthUntil the age of 65[2]
Constituting instrumentConstitution of India (under Article 124)
Formation26 January 1950; 75 years ago (1950-01-26)
First holderH. J. Kania (1950–1951)[3]
Succession6th (on the Indian order of precedence)
Salary₹280,000 (US$3,300) (per month)[4]
Websitesci.gov.in
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The chief justice of India (CJI) is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of India and the highest-ranking officer of the Indian judiciary. The Constitution of India grants power to the President of India to appoint, as recommended by the outgoing chief justice in consultation with other judges, (as envisaged in Article 124 (2) of the Constitution)[5] the next chief justice, who will serve until they reach the age of 65 or are removed by the constitutional process of impeachment.

As per convention, the successor suggested by the incumbent chief justice is most often the next most senior judge of the Supreme Court. However, this convention has been broken twice. In 1973, Justice A. N. Ray was appointed, superseding three senior judges, and in 1977 when Justice Mirza Hameedullah Beg was appointed as Chief Justice, superseding Justice Hans Raj Khanna.

As head of the Supreme Court, the chief justice is responsible for the allocation of cases and appointment of constitutional benches that deal with important matters of law.[6] In accordance with Article 145 of the Constitution of India and the Supreme Court Rules of Procedure of 1966, the chief justice has to allocate work to the other judges who are bound to refer the matter back to them (for re-allocation) in any case where they require it to be looked into by another group of experienced judges.

On the administrative side, the chief justice carries out functions of maintenance of the roster, appointment of court officials, and general and miscellaneous matters relating to the supervision and functioning of the Supreme Court. The chief justice is de facto chancellor of National Law School of India University and Visitor of National Law University, Delhi.

The 52nd and present chief justice is Bhushan Gavai. Sworn in on 14 May, 2025, he became the first Buddhist to hold this post. He will have a 6 months term which is due to end on November 23, 2025.[7]

Appointment

[edit]

As the incumbent chief justice approaches retirement, the Ministry of Law and Justice seeks a recommendation from the incumbent chief justice. Consultations with other judges might also take place. The recommendation is then presented to the prime minister, who will advice the president in the matter of appointment.[8]

Removal

[edit]

Article 124(4) of the Constitution of India lays down the procedure for the removal of a judge of the Supreme Court, which is applicable to chief justices as well. Once appointed, the chief justice remains in office until age 65. There is no fixed tenure provided in the constitution. [citation needed] He can be removed only through a process of removal by Parliament as follows:

A Judge of the Supreme Court shall not be removed from his office except by an order of the President passed after an address by each House of Parliament supported by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and voting has been presented to the President in the same session for such removal on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity.

— Article 124(4), Constitution of India, [9]

Acting president

[edit]

The President (Discharge of Functions) Act, 1969 specifies the chief justice of India shall act as the president of India in the event of the offices of both the president and the vice president being vacant.[10] When President Zakir Hussain died in office, Vice President V. V. Giri acted as the president. Later, V. V. Giri resigned as the vice president, the chief justice, Justice Mohammad Hidayatullah became the acting president of India. As per the convention, the senior most judge of the Supreme Court become the acting chief justice. When the newly elected president took office a month later, Justice Hidayatullah reverted as the chief justice of India.

Remuneration

[edit]

The Constitution of India gives the power of deciding remuneration as well as other conditions of service of the chief justice to the Parliament of India. Accordingly, such provisions have been laid down in The Supreme Court Judges (Salaries and Conditions of Service) Act, 1958.[11][12] This remuneration was revised in 2006–2008 after the Sixth Central Pay Commission's recommendation.[13] According to the Seventh pay commission, in 2016, the salary was revised.[14]

List of chief justices of India

[edit]
Key
† Died in office
‡ Resigned
No. Name
(birth–death) 		Image Start of Term End of Term Length of Term Parent High Court Appointed by
(President of India) 		Date of appointment in Supreme Court Date of appointment in parent High Court Previous offices as Chief Justice of High court Nominated as Judge in Supreme Court by (CJI) Nominated as Judge in High Court by (CJI) Ref.
1 Harilal Jekisundas Kania
(1890–1951) 		Harilal Jekisundas Kania 26 January 1950 6 November 1951† 1 year, 284 days Bombay Rajendra Prasad 28 January 1950 1933 -- -- -- [15]
2 Mandakolathur Patanjali Sastri
(1889–1963) 		Mandakolathur Patanjali Sastri 7 November 1951 3 January 1954 2 years, 57 days Madras 28 January 1950 15 March 1939 -- -- -- [16]
3 Mehr Chand Mahajan
(1889–1967) 		Mehr Chand Mahajan 4 January 1954 22 December 1954 352 days Lahore 28 January 1950 1943 -- -- -- [17]
4 Bijan Kumar Mukherjea
(1891–1956) 		Bijan Kumar Mukherjea 23 December 1954 31 January 1956‡ 1 year, 39 days Calcutta 28 January 1950 November 1936 -- -- -- [18]
5 Sudhi Ranjan Das
(1894–1977) 		Sudhi Ranjan Das 1 February 1956 30 September 1959 3 years, 241 days Calcutta 28 January 1950 1942 2nd CJ of Punjab HC -- -- [19]
6 Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha
(1899–1986) 		Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha 1 October 1959 31 January 1964 4 years, 122 days Patna 12 March 1954 1943 CJ of Nagpur HC Mehr Chand Mahajan -- [20]
7 Pralhad Balacharya Gajendragadkar
(1901–1981) 		Pralhad Balacharya Gajendragadkar 1 February 1964 15 March 1966 2 years, 42 days Bombay Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 17 January 1957 1945 -- Sudhi Ranjan Das -- [21]
8 Amal Kumar Sarkar
(1901–2001) 		Amal Kumar Sarkar 16 March 1966 29 June 1966 105 days Calcutta 4 March 1957 January 1949 -- -- [22]
9 Koka Subba Rao
(1902–1976) 		Koka Subba Rao 30 June 1966 11 April 1967‡ 285 days Hyderabad 31 January 1958 March 1948 CJ of Unified Andhra Pradesh HC -- [23]
10 Kailas Nath Wanchoo
(1903–1988) 		Kailas Nath Wanchoo 12 April 1967 24 February 1968 318 days Allahabad 11 August 1958 February 1947 2nd CJ of Rajasthan HC -- [24]
11 Mohammed Hidayatullah
(1905–1992)[a] 		M. Hidayatullah 25 February 1968 16 December 1970 2 years, 294 days Bombay Zakir Hussain 1 December 1958 1946 1st CJ of Madhya Pradesh HC -- [25]
12

Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah
(1906–1991)

Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah 17 December 1970 21 January 1971 35 days Bombay V. V. Giri 12 October 1959 1949 -- Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha -- [26]
13 Sarv Mittra Sikri
(1908–1992) 		Sarv Mittra Sikri 22 January 1971 25 April 1973 2 years, 93 days Bar Council 2 March 1964 N/A N/A Pralhad Balacharya Gajendragadkar N/A [27]
14 Ajit Nath Ray
(1912–2009) 		Ajit Nath Ray 26 April 1973 28 January 1977 3 years, 276 days Calcutta 1 August 1969 Not known -- Mohammed Hidayatullah -- [28]
15 Mirza Hameedullah Beg
(1913–1988) 		Mirza Hameedullah Beg 29 January 1977 21 February 1978 1 year, 24 days Allahabad Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 10 December 1971 11 June 1963 1st CJ of Himachal Pradesh HC Sarv Mittra Sikri Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha [29]
16 Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud
(1920–2008) 		Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud 22 February 1978 11 July 1985 7 years, 139 days Bombay Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 28 August 1972 19 March 1961 -- [30]
17 Prafullachandra Natwarlal Bhagwati
(1921–2017) 		Prafullachandra Natwarlal Bhagwati 12 July 1985 20 December 1986 1 year, 161 days Gujarat Zail Singh 17 July 1973 21 July 1960 5th CJ of Gujarat HC Ajit Nath Ray [31]
18 Raghunandan Swarup Pathak
(1924–2007) 		Raghunandan Swarup Pathak 21 December 1986 18 June 1989‡ 2 years, 209 days Allahabad 20 February 1978 1 October 1962 2nd CJ of Himachal Pradesh HC Mirza Hameedullah Beg [32]
19 Engalaguppe Seetharamiah Venkataramiah
(1924–1997) 		E. S. Venkataramiah 19 June 1989 17 December 1989 181 days Karnataka Ramaswamy Venkataraman 8 March 1979 25 June 1970 -- Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud Mohammed Hidayatullah [33]
20 Sabyasachi Mukharji
(1927–1990) 		Sabyasachi Mukharji 18 December 1989 25 September 1990† 281 days Calcutta 15 March 1983 31 July 1968 -- [34]
21 Ranganath Misra
(1926–2012) 		Ranganath Misra 26 September 1990 24 November 1991 1 year, 59 days Orissa 4 July 1969 10th CJ of Orissa HC [35]
22 Kamal Narain Singh
(1926–2022) 		Kamal Narain Singh 25 November 1991 12 December 1991 17 days Allahabad 10 March 1986 25 August 1970 -- Prafullachandra Natwarlal Bhagwati [36]
23 Madhukar Hiralal Kania
(1927–2016) 		Madhukar Hiralal Kania 13 December 1991 17 November 1992 340 days Bombay 1 May 1987 4 November 1969 24th CJ of Bombay HC Raghunandan Swarup Pathak [37]
24 Lalit Mohan Sharma
(1928–2008) 		Lalit Mohan Sharma 18 November 1992 11 February 1993 85 days Patna Shankar Dayal Sharma 5 October 1987 12 April 1973 -- Sarv Mittra Sikri [38]
25 Manepalli Narayanarao Venkatachaliah
(born 1929) 		M. N. Venkatachaliah 12 February 1993 24 October 1994 1 year, 254 days Karnataka 6 November 1975 -- Ajit Nath Ray [39]
26 Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi
(1932–2023) 		Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi 25 October 1994 24 March 1997 2 years, 150 days Gujarat 14 December 1988 2 September 1976 -- [40]
27 Jagdish Sharan Verma
(1933–2013) 		Jagdish Sharan Verma 25 March 1997 17 January 1998 298 days Madhya Pradesh 3 June 1989 12 September 1972 10th CJ of Madhya Pradesh HC

16th CJ of Rajasthan HC

Sarv Mittra Sikri [41]
28 Madan Mohan Punchhi
(1933–2015) 		Madan Mohan Punchhi 18 January 1998 9 October 1998 264 days Punjab and Haryana K. R. Narayanan 6 October 1989 24 October 1979 -- Engalaguppe Seetharamiah Venkataramiah Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud [42]
29 Adarsh Sein Anand
(1936–2017) 		Adarsh Sein Anand 10 October 1998 31 October 2001 3 years, 21 days Jammu and Kashmir 18 November 1991 26 May 1975 14th CJ of Jammu and Kashmir HC

24th CJ of Madras HC

Ranganath Misra Ajit Nath Ray [43]
30 Sam Piroj Bharucha
(born 1937) 		Sam Piroj Bharucha 1 November 2001 5 May 2002 185 days Bombay 1 July 1992 19 September 1977 13th CJ of Karnataka HC Madhukar Hiralal Kania Mirza Hameedullah Beg [44]
31 Bhupinder Nath Kirpal
(born 1937) 		Bhupinder Nath Kirpal 6 May 2002 7 November 2002 185 days Delhi 11 September 1995 20 November 1979 13th CJ of Gujarat HC Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud [45]
32 Gopal Ballav Pattanaik
(born 1937) 		Gopal Ballav Pattanaik 8 November 2002 18 December 2002 40 days Orissa A. P. J. Abdul Kalam 1 June 1983 27th CJ of Patna HC [46]
33 Vishweshwar Nath Khare
(born 1939) 		Vishweshwar Nath Khare 19 December 2002 1 May 2004 1 year, 134 days Allahabad 21 March 1997 25 June 1983 29th CJ of Calcutta HC [47]
34 S. Rajendra Babu
(born 1939) 		S. Rajendra Babu 2 May 2004 31 May 2004 29 days Karnataka 25 September 1997 19 February 1988 -- Jagdish Sharan Verma Raghunandan Swarup Pathak [48]
35 Ramesh Chandra Lahoti
(1940–2022) 		Ramesh Chandra Lahoti 1 June 2004 31 October 2005 1 year, 152 days Madhya Pradesh 9 December 1998 3 May 1988 -- Adarsh Sein Anand [49]
36 Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal
(1942–2015) 		Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal 1 November 2005 13 January 2007 1 year, 73 days Delhi 28 January 2000 17 November 1986 31st CJ of Bombay HC Prafullachandra Natwarlal Bhagwati [50]
37 Konakuppakatil Gopinathan Balakrishnan
(born 1945) 		Konakuppakatil Gopinathan Balakrishnan 14 January 2007 11 May 2010 3 years, 117 days Kerala 8 June 2000 26 September 1985 16th CJ of Gujarat HC

29th CJ of Madras HC

[51]
38 Sarosh Homi Kapadia
(1947–2016) 		Sarosh Homi Kapadia 12 May 2010 28 September 2012 2 years, 139 days Bombay Pratibha Patil 18 December 2003 8 October 1991 2nd CJ of Uttarakhand HC Vishweshwar Nath Khare Ranganath Misra [52]
39 Altamas Kabir
(1948–2017) 		Altamas Kabir 29 September 2012 18 July 2013 292 days Calcutta Pranab Mukherjee 9 September 2005 6 August 1990 3rd CJ of Jharkhand HC Ramesh Chandra Lahoti Sabyasachi Mukharji [53]
40 Palanisamy Sathasivam
(born 1949) 		Palanisamy Sathasivam 19 July 2013 26 April 2014 281 days Madras 21 August 2007 8 August 1996 -- Konakuppakatil Gopinathan Balakrishnan Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi [54]
41 Rajendra Mal Lodha
(born 1949) 		Rajendra Mal Lodha 27 April 2014 27 September 2014 153 days Rajasthan 17 December 2008 31 January 1994 33rd CJ of Patna HC Manepalli Narayanarao Venkatachaliah [55]
42 Handyala Lakshminarayanaswamy Dattu
(born 1950) 		Handyala Lakshminarayanaswamy Dattu 28 September 2014 2 December 2015 1 year, 65 days Karnataka 18 December 1995 6th CJ of Chhattisgarh HC

27th CJ of Kerala HC

Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi [56]
43 Tirath Singh Thakur
(born 1952) 		Tirath Singh Thakur 3 December 2015 3 January 2017 1 year, 31 days Jammu and Kashmir 17 November 2009 16 February 1994 28th CJ of Punjab and Haryana HC Manepalli Narayanarao Venkatachaliah [57]
44 Jagdish Singh Khehar
(born 1952) 		Jagdish Singh Khehar 4 January 2017 27 August 2017 235 days Punjab and Haryana 11 September 2011 8 February 1999 7th CJ of Uttarakhand HC

25th CJ of Karnataka HC

Sarosh Homi Kapadia Adarsh Sein Anand [58]
45 Dipak Misra
(born 1953) 		Dipak Misra 28 August 2017 2 October 2018 1 year, 35 days Orissa Ram Nath Kovind 10 October 2011 17 January 1996 36th CJ of Patna HC

25th CJ of Delhi HC

Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi [59]
46 Ranjan Gogoi
(born 1954) 		Ranjan Gogoi 3 October 2018 17 November 2019 1 year, 45 days Gauhati 23 April 2012 28 February 2001 30th CJ of Punjab and Haryana HC Adarsh Sein Anand [60]
47 Sharad Arvind Bobde
(born 1956) 		Sharad Arvind Bobde 18 November 2019[61] 23 April 2021 1 year, 156 days Bombay 12 April 2013 29 March 2000 21st CJ of Madhya Pradesh HC Altamas Kabir [62]
48 Nuthalapati Venkata Ramana
(born 1957) 		Nuthalapati Venkata Ramana 24 April 2021 26 August 2022 1 year, 124 days Andhra Pradesh 17 February 2014 27 June 2000 27th CJ of Delhi HC Palanisamy Sathasivam [63]
49 Uday Umesh Lalit
(born 1957) 		Uday Umesh Lalit 27 August 2022 8 November 2022 73 days Bar Council Droupadi Murmu 13 August 2014 N/A N/A Rajendra Mal Lodha N/A [64]
50 Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud
(born 1959) 		Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud 9 November 2022 10 November 2024 2 years, 1 day Bombay 13 May 2016 29 March 2000 45th CJ of Allahabad HC Tirath Singh Thakur Adarsh Sein Anand [65]
51 Sanjiv Khanna
(born 1960) 		Sanjiv Khanna 11 November 2024 13 May 2025 230 days Delhi 18 January 2019 24 June 2005 -- Ranjan Gogoi Ramesh Chandra Lahoti [66]
52 Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai
(born 1960) 		Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai 14 May 2025 Incumbent 46 days Bombay 24 May 2019 14 November 2003 -- Vishweshwar Nath Khare [67]
Main article: List of chief justices of India
See also: List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India

See also

[edit]

Current Judiciary

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Also served as acting President of India and Vice President of India

References

[edit]
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  3. ^ "Supreme Court of India Retired Hon'ble the Chief Justices' of India". Archived from the original on 29 June 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  4. ^ "Supreme Court, High Court judges get nearly 200% salary hike". Hindustan Times. 30 January 2018. Archived from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  5. ^ "Memorandum of procedure of appointment of Supreme Court Judges | India". Archived from the original on 9 March 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  6. ^ Saxena, Namit (23 December 2016). "New Captain Of The Ship, Change In Sailing Rules Soon?". Live Law. Archived from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  7. ^ "Justice BR Gavai takes oath as Chief Justice today, first Buddhist in the role".
  8. ^ Ministry of Law and Justice, Department Of Justice (8 November 2021). "MEMORANDUM SHOWING THE PROCEDURE FOR APPOINTMENT OF THE CHIEF JUSTICE OF India AND JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA". Archived from the original on 9 March 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  9. ^ "Article 124, Constitution of India". Vakilno1.com. Archived from the original on 26 December 2010. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
  10. ^ "President Discharge of Functions Act 1969 Complete Act - Citation 134059 - Bare Act | LegalCrystal". Archived from the original on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
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  13. ^ Archived copy (PDF). 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2018.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference sci-hjkania was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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  44. ^ "Justice S P Bharucha". Supreme Court of India. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  45. ^ "Justice B N Kirpal". Supreme Court of India. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
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  51. ^ "Justice K G Balakrishnan". Supreme Court of India. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  52. ^ "Justice S H Kapadia". Supreme Court of India. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  53. ^ "Justice Altamas Kabir". Supreme Court of India. Archived from the original on 30 April 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  54. ^ "Justice P Sathasivam". Supreme Court of India. Archived from the original on 30 April 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  55. ^ "Justice R M Lodha". Supreme Court of India. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
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  58. ^ "Justice Jagdish Singh Khehar". Supreme Court of India. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  59. ^ "Justice Dipak Mishra". Supreme Court of India. Archived from the original on 30 April 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  60. ^ "Justice Ranjan Gogoi". Supreme Court of India. Archived from the original on 30 April 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
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  63. ^ "Justice N V Ramana". Supreme Court of India. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  64. ^ "Justice Uday Umesh Lalit". Supreme Court of India. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  65. ^ "Justice D Y Chandrachud". Supreme Court of India. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  66. ^ "Justice Sanjiv Khanna". Supreme Court of India. Archived from the original on 11 November 2024. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
  67. ^ "Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai". Supreme Court of India. Archived from the original on 14 May 2025. Retrieved 14 May 2025.
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