Draft:Iran-Pakistan border conflicts
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A series of occasional armed skirmishes have occurred along the Iran–Pakistan border between Iranian border guards of the Border Guard Command and Pakistani border guards of the Frontier Corps since 2014.[1] Both countries accuse the other of funding militant groups against each other, particularly related to Baloch nationalism. Iran has accused Pakistan of sheltering and supporting groups such as Jaish ul-Adl, who actively engage in insurgency against the Iranian government.[2] On the other hand, Pakistan has accused Iran of sheltering and supporting groups such as the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) and Balochistan Liberation Front (BLF), who actively engage in Insurgency in Balochistan against the Pakistani government with the goal of creating an independent Balochistan. Despite these allegations, both countries have significantly cooperated with each other to combat Baloch militancy and ensure regional stability.[3][4]
| Iran-Pakistan border conflicts | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Insurgency in Balochistan - Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency, | |||||||
 International border between Iran and Pakistan | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 IranClaimed by Pakistan:  Balochistan Liberation Army Balochistan Liberation Front |
 PakistanClaimed by Iran:  Jaish ul-Adl | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Background
[edit]Pahlavi Iran was the first nation to recognize Pakistan upon the latter's creation in August 1947, and both nations have historically enjoyed cordial relations.[5] During the Cold War, both nations were aligned with the United States against the Soviet Union and were part of mutual defence agreements such as the Central Treaty Organization.[6] Iran also aided Pakistan in the latter's conflicts with India, supplying military equipment against India. For example, during the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971, Iran provided heavy military, moral, and diplomatic support to Pakistan, largely because it feared that a weak Pakistan would in turn encourage the rise of Baloch and Kurdish nationalism in Iran, ultimately destabilizing the country.[7] Iran also provided substantial economic aid to Pakistan through its position as a rapidly developing country and one of the most powerful nations in the world.[8]
In the aftermath of the Iranian Revolution in 1979, relations between the two nations changed. Ideological differences from the fact that Iran is a predominantly Shia Islamic republic while Pakistan is a predominantly Sunni Islamic republic.[9] Despite these differences, Iran and Pakistan continued to maintain a friendly relationship as Pakistan became one of the first nations in the world to recognize the new Iranian government and offered its moral and diplomatic support to Ruhollah Khomeini, Iran's first supreme leader.[9] Pakistan also supported Iran during the Iran–Iraq War with military aid that was initially purposed for use by the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet–Afghan War.[10]
Baloch insurgency
[edit]Both Iran and Pakistan have supported each other against Baloch militant groups that threaten to destabilize both of their administrations over Sistan and Baluchestan province and Balochistan province, respectively. The two countries have launched joint operations against groups such as Jundallah, Jaish al-Adl, and the BLA. In 1973, Iran provided substantial support to Pakistan during the latter's operation in Balochistan against Baloch separatists.[11] Pakistan has also aided Iran in capturing Jundullah militants and turning them in to Iran for trial and punishment.[12] For instance, Abdolmalek Rigi, Jundullah's leader, was captured by Pakistani security forces in 2010 and given to Iran.[13]
However, Iran and Pakistan have accused each other of failing to act against Baloch militant groups and possibly even sheltering and funding these groups. Iranian officials have often criticized that Pakistan's efforts against Jundullah and other anti-Iranian Baloch groups are not sufficient and should be questioned. Some officials even suggest that Jundullah relies on Pakistani funding and cannot survive without support from Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI).[14] Pakistan also accuses Iran of not doing enough to combat the presence of the BLA and the BLF in the country, both of whom create serious security threats to Pakistan's interests in Balochistan. This mistrust has resulted in several border skirmishes between the two nations largely caused by the desire to unilaterally combat the issue of militancy in the region.
Timeline of skirmishes
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Dawn.com (2024-01-19). "Timeline of cross-border hostilities between Pakistan and Iran over the last decade". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 2025-06-04.
- ^ Regan, Jonny Hallam, Helen (2024-01-17). "Pakistan condemns deadly Iranian missile strike on its territory as tensions spike across region". CNN. Retrieved 2025-06-04.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Siddique, Abubakar (2024-12-03). "After Decades Of Mistrust, Iran And Pakistan Join Forces Against Militancy". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 2025-06-04.
- ^ "Joint Statement Third Quadrilateral Meeting of Foreign Ministers of China, Iran, Pakistan, and Russia_Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China". www.mfa.gov.cn. Retrieved 2025-06-04.
- ^ irinfo. "Pak-Iran Relations Since Islamic Revolution: Genisis of Cooperatio and Competition". www.iranembassy.pk. Archived from the original on 2013-04-10. Retrieved 2025-06-04.
- ^ Department Of State. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs (2008-01-07). "The Baghdad Pact (1955) and the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO)". 2001-2009.state.gov. Retrieved 2025-06-04.
- ^ irinfo. "Pak-Iran Relation Since 1947". www.iranembassy.pk. Archived from the original on 2014-05-18. Retrieved 2025-06-04.
- ^ Alam, Shah (2004-10-01). "Iran‐Pakistan relations: Political and strategic dimensions". Strategic Analysis. 28 (4): 526–545. doi:10.1080/09700160408450157. ISSN 0970-0161.
- ^ a b irinfo. "Pak-Iran Relations Since Islamic Revolution: Genisis of Cooperatio and Competition". www.iranembassy.pk. Archived from the original on 2013-04-10. Retrieved 2025-06-04.
- ^ Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997-12-31). The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy, 1971-94. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5.
- ^ "Pakistan risks new battlefront". 2005-01-17. Retrieved 2025-06-04.
- ^ "Pakistan May Turn Over U.S. 'Spies' to Iran". ABC News. Retrieved 2025-06-04.
- ^ Perry, Mark (2025-06-04). "False Flag". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 2025-06-04.
- ^ "MENA Election Guide - Saudi Arabia:The Iran-Saudi cold war". www.mena-electionguide.org. Archived from the original on 2009-12-27. Retrieved 2025-06-04.