Draft:Timur Sultan
Sultan Muhammad Temur (1471–1529, Samarkand) was a member of the Shaybanid dynasty and the son of Shaybani Khan.
When the Shaybanids conquered Transoxiana, Sultan Muhammad Temur was given Samarkand and its surrounding province as his domain (in 1501), while his son Pulad Sultan received Khwarezm. He also conquered Balkh in 1505. Between 1505 and 1507, Sultan Muhammad Temur, together with Ubaydullah Sultan, defeated the Timurid princes Faridun Husayn Mirza and his brother Ibn Husayn Mirza at the location of Raboti Dudar.
In 1507, after Shaybani Khan captured Herat, Sultan Muhammad Temur and Ubaydullah Sultan were sent to Mashhad to fight against Abul-Muhsin Mirza and Kepak Mirza, achieving victory. When his father fought Shah Ismail I of the Safavid dynasty near Merv (in 1510), Muhammad Temur was late to provide assistance.
In 1511–1512, he participated in the Shaybanid struggles against Babur for control over Transoxiana and Tashkent. From 1513 onwards, he also fought against the Kazakh sultans (including Qasim Khan) for control over Turkestan and the cities along the Syr Darya river.
In March 1511, fearing Babur's alliance with the Qizilbash and their invasion of Transoxiana, Suyunchkhoja Khan removed the land of Chaghaniyan from Maxdi Sultan and Hamza Sultan and granted it to Muhammad Temur Sultan. In the Battle of Kuli Malik in 1512, the united forces of Ubaydullah Sultan, Janibek Sultan, and Sultan Muhammad Temur achieved a decisive victory over Babur.
On March 11, 1513, together with Ubaydullah Sultan, he captured Merv. During Sultan Muhammad Temur’s rule, significant construction and urban development took place in Samarkand. The "Oliyayi Khoniya" Madrasa and the "Khoniya Madrasa"—built by his wife Mehr Sultan Khanim—were adorned with azure and golden tiles, and were connected by a grand iwan (entrance portal). Beneath the madrasa, in the crypt (dakhma), members of the Shaybanid dynasty from Samarkand were buried.
A new district called “Nav” emerged in the eastern part of Samarkand, where noble gardens were located. Among them, the garden “Dil-afruz” became especially famous for its beauty.
During Sultan Muhammad Temur’s reign, science, culture, and the arts flourished in Samarkand, and many famous poets, writers, and historians were active.
Sources
[edit]- O‘zbekiston Milliy Ensiklopediyasi, Muhammad Temur Sultan haqidagi maqola.
- Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur. Boburnoma.