Feng Ru
Feng Ru (simplified Chinese: 冯如; traditional Chinese: 馮如; pinyin: Féng Rú; 1883–1912), also known as Fung Joe Guey (Chinese: 馮珠九), was a pioneering Chinese aviator and aircraft designer.[1]
Life and career
[edit]Born in Enping, Guangdong, Feng moved to the United States at the age of twelve, living and working in various parts of California before trying to settle in San Francisco in 1906, the year that the San Francisco earthquake struck. The earthquake spoiled his plan and sent him fleeing to Oakland. Fung was fascinated by the Wright Brothers' plane and because he was always interested in machinery, one of the first things he did after arriving in Oakland was to organize Guangdong Air Vehicle Company,[2] an airplane manufacturing company, only a few years after the Wright Brothers' Kitty Hawk flight (1903).[3]
Within two years of founding the company in 1908, Fung constructed his first airplane, a sesquiplane with an upper span of 25 ft (7.6 m) and lower of 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m), powered by a 6 hp (4.5 kW; 6.1 PS) engine of Fung's own construction.
On September 22, 1909 (several newspapers report the date as Tuesday, September 21, 1909) Fung was the first Chinese man known to fly in America (and first aviator of any nationality to fly in California and the West Coast of the United States). He had constructed his own biplane, improving on the Wrights' blueprints. Fung flew in a wide circle, despite the harsh winds; after twenty minutes, however, the bolt holding the propeller to the shaft snapped off, and he was brought to a stop, suffering only minor bruising.[4] The flight was reported in several papers, including The San Francisco Call and the Oakland Tribune.[1]
Return to China, military role and fatal crash
[edit]Feng returned to China on March 21, 1911, upon the request of Chinese revolutionary Sun Yat-sen, who wanted to use Feng's planes to aid the rebellion against the Qing dynasty; it is likely that he became the first-ever aviator to embark on a military mission.[5] He was accompanied by six Oakland residents and another biplane of his own design. However, on August 26, 1912, he was killed when his plane crashed during an aerial exhibition in front of 1,000 spectators at the Yantang Airfield, Guangzhou which was permanently shut down after the tragedy.[3] Sun Yat-sen insisted that he be buried at the Mausoleum of the 72 Huanghuagang Martyrs, and that his tomb be inscribed with the words "Pioneer of Chinese Aviation".[5]
Legacy
[edit]On September 21, 2009, a bronze bust of Feng, the "Father of Chinese Aviation", was unveiled in a ceremony at Laney College in Oakland.[6] One of Fung's workshops, where he designed and built parts of his biplane, was on a site that is now part of the Laney campus, near the heart of commercial Chinatown.[1] The event was organized by Steve Lavoie of the Oakland Public Library and Lieutenant-Colonel Roger Glenn of Amelia Earhart Senior Squadron 188, Civil Air Patrol.
The book Dragonwings is partially inspired by Fung Joe Guey.
See also
[edit]- Zee Yee Lee
- Senyet Young
- Zhu Binhou
- Kwon Ki-ok
- Aircraft of China both civil and military use from 1937 and before
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Wong, William (September 18, 2009). "Oakland CA Chinatown Makes Aviation History". SF Gate. Archived from the original on February 11, 2011.
- ^ Maksel, Rebecca. "The Father of Chinese Aviation". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved May 5, 2025.
- ^ a b Maksel, Rebecca (August 13, 2008). "The Father of Chinese Aviation". Air & Space. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
- ^ "Feng Ru", Early Aviators.
- ^ a b WBAC Website. "PILOTS, PLANES AND PIONEERS". Wright Brothers Aeroplane Company. Archived from the original on December 6, 2023. Retrieved May 21, 2025.
His success caught the attention of the Chinese revolutionary Sun Yixian (a.k.a. Sun Yat-sen), who asked him to bring his airplanes to China to aid in the rebellion against the Manchu Qing monarchy. Feng returned... on March 21, 1911... was given the rank of Captain in Sun's army. Although little is known about his role in the war, it is more than likely that he was the first aviator ever to fly a military mission... Yixian made him head of the new Chinese air force. Feng built another aircraft – the first to be manufactured in China – but died during a demonstration flight on August 26, 1912.
- ^ "Oakland History Room to Host Feng Ru: Conquering Pacific Skies". Oakland Public Library. August 31, 2009. Archived from the original on January 2, 2011.
Further reading
[edit]- "Aiming for the sky". China.org.cn. September 21, 2009.
- Eve Armentrout Ma; Jeong Huei Ma. The Chinese of Oakland: Unsung Builders. Oakland Chinese History Research Committee.
- The Father of Chinese Aviation
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