Hadjo
Hadjo or Hadcho was a Muscogee war title which may be translated as "fearless person",[1] "so brave as to seem crazy",[2] "brave beyond discretion", or "foolhardy".[3]
Most Seminole leaders from the period of the Seminole Wars are known by their war titles, which were always Muscogee in form, no matter what their primary language was.[4]The following hadjos are known from the first half of the 19th century in Florida, primarily from the Seminole Wars:
- Apayaka Hadjo, more commonly known as Abiaka
- Chitto Hadjo, raided northeast Florida in 1842
- Coa Hadjo, arrested under a white flag together with Osceola
- Fuse Hadjo, represented Billy Bowlegs in negotiations with the US Army
- Hallek Hadjo, captured after Battle of Loxahatchee
- Josiah Francis (Hillis Hadjo)
- Ya-ha Hadjo
See also
[edit]- Harjo, a Muscogee surname derived from "hadjo"
- Tustenuggee, Muscogee for "war chief"
References
[edit]- ^ Fixico, Donald L. (2025-04-22). Chitto Harjo: Native Patriotism and the Medicine Way. Yale University Press. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-300-28132-3.
- ^ "Joy Harjo Reflects on the Spirit of Poetry". PBS Online News Hour. August 23, 2007. Archived from the original on July 17, 2008. Retrieved July 2, 2009.
- ^ "Chitto Harjo". Chronicles of Oklahoma. 13 (2): 139. June 1935. Archived from the original on July 5, 2008.
- ^ Neill, Wilfred T. (June 1955). "The Identity of Florida's "Spanish Indians"". The Florida Anthropologist. 8 (2): 47 – via University of Florida Digital Collection.
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