IC 438
| IC 438 | |
|---|---|
.jpg?lang=en) IC 438 imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope in 2021 | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Lepus |
| Right ascension | 05h 53m 00.0676s[1] |
| Declination | −17° 52′ 33.684″[1] |
| Redshift | 0.004256±0.000006[1] |
| Heliocentric radial velocity | 3,123±4 km/s[1] |
| Distance | 136.45 ± 4.29 Mly (41.835 ± 1.314 Mpc)[1] |
| Group or cluster | IC 438 Group (LGG 134) |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 12.74[1] |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | SA(rs)c[1] |
| Size | ~155,100 ly (47.55 kpc) (estimated)[1] |
| Apparent size (V) | 2.8′ × 2.1′[1] |
| Other designations | |
| ESO 555- G 009, IRAS 05508-1753, UGCA 115, MCG -03-15-025, PGC 18047[1] | |
IC 438 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation of Lepus. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 3,199±6 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 153.9 ± 10.8 Mly (47.18 ± 3.30 Mpc).[1] However, 17 non-redshift measurements give a much closer distance of 136.45 ± 4.29 Mly (41.835 ± 1.314 Mpc).[2] It was discovered by American astronomer Lewis Swift on 7 January 1891.[3][4]
IC 438 is a Seyfert I Galaxy, i.e. it has a quasar-like nucleus with very high surface brightnesses whose spectra reveal strong, high-ionisation emission lines, but unlike quasars, the host galaxy is clearly detectable.[5]
IC 438 Group
[edit]According to A.M. Garcia, IC 438 is one of five members of the IC 438 galaxy group (also known as LGG 134), which includes IC 2143, UGCA 113, MCG -03-15-021, and ESO 555- G 005.[6]
Supernovae
[edit]Three supernovae have been observed in IC 438:
- SN 1997B (type Ic, mag. 16.5) was discovered by Alessandro Gabrijelcic on 13 January 1997.[7][8]
- SN 2016blx (type II, mag. 16.5) was discovered by the Backyard Observatory Supernova Search (BOSS) on 9 April 2016.[9]
- SN 2017gbb (type Iax[02cx-like], mag. 16.39) was discovered by the Gaia Photometric Science Alerts programme on 9 August 2017.[10]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Results for object IC 0438". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. NASA and Caltech. Retrieved 9 June 2025.
- ^ "Distance Results for IC 438". NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE. NASA. Retrieved 9 June 2025.
- ^ Seligman, Courtney. "Index Catalogue Objects: IC 438". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 25 May 2025.
- ^ Swift, Lewis (1892). "Catalogue No. 10 of Nebulae discovered at the Warner Observatory". Astronomische Nachrichten. 129: 361. Bibcode:1892AN....129..361S.
- ^ Chen, Yan-Ping; Zaw, Ingyin; Farrar, Glennys R.; Elgamal, Sana (2022). "A Uniformly Selected, Southern-sky 6dF, Optical AGN Catalog". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 258 (2): 29. arXiv:2111.13217. Bibcode:2022ApJS..258...29C. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac4157.
- ^ Garcia, A. M. (1993). "General study of group membership. II. Determination of nearby groups". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 100: 47. Bibcode:1993A&AS..100...47G.
- ^ "SN 1997B". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 9 June 2025.
- ^ Gabrijelcic, A.; Valles, P.; Benetti, S.; Lidman, C. (1997). Green, Daniel W. E. (ed.). "Supernova 1997B in IC 438". International Astronomical Union Circular (6535): 1. Bibcode:1997IAUC.6535....1G.
- ^ "SN 2016blx". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 9 June 2025.
- ^ "SN 2017gbb". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 9 June 2025.
External links
[edit]
Media related to IC 438 at Wikimedia Commons- IC 438 on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images
