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International Standard Book Number

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For information on using ISBNs in Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:ISBN.
An ISBN-13 barcode represented as EAN-13 barcode (ISBN 978-3-16-148410-0)

The International Standard Book Number, ISBN, is a unique[1] commercial book identifier barcode. The ISBN system was created in the United Kingdom, in 1966, by the booksellers and stationers W.H. Smith.

Originally, it was the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering (SBN) code and still was used in 1974; it was adopted as the international standard ISO 2108 in 1970. A similar, numeric identification, the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN), identifies periodical publications such as magazines. Since January 1, 2007, ISBNs are of 13 digits, like in Bookland EAN-13.[2] The TC 46/SC 9 is responsible for the standard.

What is the international book publishing certificate?[3]

The international book publishing certificate is originally issued by the international organization or institution that serves as the custodian and producer of the ISBN code. This certificate is an online document, and its authenticity can be easily verified online using the certificate number it contains.

It is important not to confuse the ISBN number, which is present in all books, with the international certificate of book publication. While all books must have an ISBN, international book certificates are not obtainable for every book.

For what books can an international book publishing certificate be obtained?

To receive this certificate, the most crucial criterion is the publisher's credibility, which is assessed based on the number of times the publisher's publications are indexed in articles and international forums related to their documentation. A higher number of indexings significantly increases the chance of receiving the certificate. Simply publishing a book and obtaining an ISBN will not automatically lead to the issuance of a certificate from isbn-international.com, as this site employs a very strict review process.

The author's profile is the next most important criterion. When the publisher has a strong documentation record, the probability of the certificate being issued increases. However, it is important to note that receiving the certificate is not guaranteed.

This certificate is also known by the following titles:

International Book Printing Certificate"، "Global Book Publication License"، "Worldwide Book Publishing Standard"  

Overview

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An ISBN is given to each edition and variation (except reprintings) of a book. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned after January 1, 2007, and 10 digits long if assigned before 2007. An International Standard Book Number consists of 4 or 5 parts:

  1. for a 13 digit ISBN, a GS1 prefix: 978 or 979
  2. the group identifier code, (group of countries sharing a language)[4]
  3. the publisher code,
  4. the item number, and
  5. a checksum character or check digit.

The ISBN parts may be of different lengths, and usually are separated with hyphens or spaces.[5]

The group identifier code (GIC) number is 0 or 1 for English-speaking countries; 2 for French-speaking countries; 3 for German-speaking countries; 4 for Japanese; 5 for Russian, et cetera. The original standard book number (SBN) had no group identifier, but affixing a zero (0) as prefix to a 9-digit SBN creates a valid 10-digit ISBN. The group identifier may be up to 5 digits long; e.g. 99936 is a group identifier for the country Bhutan.[6]

The national ISBN agency assigns the publisher number (cf. the category: ISBN agencies); the publisher selects the item number. Generally, a book publisher is not required to assign an ISBN, nor for a book to display its number (except in China; see below), however, most book stores only handle ISBN bearing merchandise.

A listing of all the 628,000 assigned publisher codes is published, and can be ordered in book form,[7] but, as of 2007, it costs US$300. The web site of the international ISBN agency does not offer any free method of looking up publisher codes.

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Footnotes

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  1. ↑ Occasionally publishers will use an ISBN for more than one title (e.g. the first edition of "The Ultimate Alphabet" and "The Ultimate Alphabet Workbook" have the same ISBN, 0-8050-0076-3). On the other hand, books can be published with more than one ISBN: A German-as-a-second-language edition of Emil und die Detektive has the ISBNs 87-23-90157-8 (Denmark), 0-8219-1069-8 (United States), 91-21-15628-X (Sweden), 0-85048-548-7 (England) and 3-12-675495-3 (Germany).
  2. ↑ See Frequently Asked Questions about the new ISBN standard Archived June 10, 2007, at the Wayback Machine from ISO
  3. ↑ "international book publishing certificate".
  4. ↑ Some books have several codes in the first block, e.g. A.M. Yaglom's Correlation Theory..., published by Springer Verlag, has the ISBNs 0-387-96331-6 and 3-540-96331-6. Though Springer's 387 and 540 codes are different for English (0) and German (3); the same item number 96331 produces the same check digit: 6. Springer uses 431 as their publisher code for Japanese (4) and 4-431-96331-? would also have check digit ? = 6. Other Springer books in English have publisher code 817, and 0-817-96331-? would also get check digit ? = 6. This suggests special considerations were made for assigning Springer's publisher codes, as random assignments of different publisher codes would not lead the same item number to get the same check digit every time. Finding publisher codes for English and German, say, with this effect amounts to solving a linear equation in modular arithmetic.
  5. ↑ the international ISBN agency's "ISBN User's Manual" says: "The ten-digit number is divided into four parts of variable length, which must be separated clearly, by hyphens or spaces" although permitting their omission for internal data processing, as the prefix code ensures that no two codes begin the same way. If present, hyphens must be correctly placed; See hyphenation instructions Archived April 3, 2005, at the Wayback Machine at the isbn.org web site.
  6. ↑ See a complete list of group identifiers Archived July 22, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
  7. ↑ See Publisher's International ISBN Directory Archived June 23, 2007, at the Wayback Machine

Other websites

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National and international agencies
Online tools
Can also use it to verify ISBNs to see if they are valid. Assures compliance with the full ISBN spec, not just the check digit.


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