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List of Archaea genera

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article lists the genera of the Archaea. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[1] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).[2] However, in the List provided below, GTDB has precedence unless otherwise noted.

Phylogeny

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National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy was initially used to decorate the genome tree via tax2tree. The 16S rRNA-based Greengenes taxonomy is used to supplement the taxonomy particularly in regions of the tree with no cultured representatives. List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is used as the primary taxonomic authority for establishing naming priorities. Taxonomic ranks are normalised using phylorank and the taxonomy manually curated to remove polyphyletic groups.[3][4][5][6][7]

Cladogram was taken from the GTDB release 10-RS226 (16th April 2025).[8][9][10] The position of clades with a "question mark" are based on the additional phylogeny of the 16S rRNA-based LTP_12_2021 by The All-Species Living Tree Project.[11][12][13]

Archaea

Phylum Microcaldota

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Class Microcaldia

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Order Microcaldales

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  • Family Microcaldaceae Sakai et al. 2023

Phylum "Altarchaeota"

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Class "Altarchaeia"

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Order "Altarchaeales"

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  • Family "Altarchaeaceae" corrig. Probst et al. 2014

Phylum "Iainarchaeota"

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Class "Iainarchaeia"

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Order "Forterreales"

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  • Family "Forterreaceae" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022
    • "Candidatus Forterrea" Probst & Banfield 2017

Order "Iainarchaeales"

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  • Family "Iainarchaeaceae" Rinke et al. 2020

Phylum "Micrarchaeota"

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Phylogeny of Micrarchaeota[8][9][10]
"Norongarragalinales"

"Ca. Norongarragalina"

"Micrarchaeales"
"Micrarchaeaceae"
"Anstonellales"
"Anstonellaceae"

"Ca. Anstonella"

"Bilamarchaeaceae"

"Ca. Bilamarchaeum"

"Gugararchaeales"

"Ca. Gugararchaeum"

"Burarchaeales"

"Ca. Burarchaeum"

"Fermentimicrarchaeales"

"Ca. Fermentimicrarchaeum"

Class "Micrarchaeia"

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Order "Norongarragalinales"

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  • Family "Norongarragalinaceae" Vázquez-Campos et al. 2021

Order "Micrarchaeales"

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  • Family "Micrarchaeaceae" Vázquez-Campos et al. 2021

Order "Anstonellales"

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  • Family "Anstonellaceae" Vázquez-Campos et al. 2021
    • "Candidatus Anstonella" Vázquez-Campos et al. 2021
  • Family "Bilamarchaeaceae" Vázquez-Campos et al. 2021

Order "Gugararchaeales"

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  • Family "Gugararchaeaceae" Vázquez-Campos et al. 2021

Order "Burarchaeales"

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  • Family "Burarchaeaceae" Vázquez-Campos et al. 2021

Order "Fermentimicrarchaeales"

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  • Family "Fermentimicrarchaeaceae" Kadnikov et al. 2020 (Sv326)

Phylum "Undinarchaeota"

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Class "Undinarchaeia"

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Order "Undinarchaeales"

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  • Family "Naiadarchaeaceae" Dombrowski et al. 2020
  • Family "Undinarchaeaceae" Dombrowski et al. 2020

Phylum "Huberarchaeaota"

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Class "Huberarchaeia"

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Order "Huberarchaeales"

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  • Family "Huberarchaeaceae" Rinke et al. 2020

Phylum "Aenigmatarchaeota"

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Class "Aenigmatarchaeia"

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Order "Aenigmatarchaeales"

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  • Family "Aenigmatarchaeaceae" corrig. Rinke et al. 2020

Phylum "Nanohalarchaeota"

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Phylogeny of Nanohalobiales[8][9][10]
"Nanohalalkaliarchaeaceae"

"Candidatus Nanohalalkaliarchaeum"

"Nanoanaerosalinaceae"

"Candidatus Asbonarchaeum"

"Candidatus Nanoanaerosalina"

"Nanohalobiaceae"

"Candidatus Nanosalinicola"

"Candidatus Nanohalococcus"

"Candidatus Nanohalobium"

"Candidatus Nanohalovita"

"Candidatus Nanosalina"

Class "Nanohalarchaeia"

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Order "Nanohalarchaeales"

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  • Family "Nanohalarchaeaceae"

Order "Nanohydrothermales"

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  • Family "Nanohydrothermaceae" Xie et al. 2022

Order "Nucleotidisoterales"

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  • Family "Nanosalenecaceae" Xie et al. 2022
  • Family "Nucleotidisoteraceae" Xie et al. 2022
  • Family "Nucleotidivindicaceae" Xie et al. 2022

Class "Nanohalobiia"

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Order "Nanohalobiales"

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Phylum Nanobdellota

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Phylogeny of Nanobdellota[8][9][10]
Nanobdellales
"Nanoarchaeaceae"

"Nanoarchaeum"

Nanobdellaceae
"Tiddalikarchaeales"
"Tiddalikarchaeaceae"

"Ca. Tiddalikarchaeum"

"Jingweiarchaeales"
"Jingweiarchaeaceae"

"Ca. Jingweiarchaeum"

"JAPDLS01"
"Haiyanarchaeaceae"

"Ca. Haiyanarchaeum"

"Parvarchaeales"
"Parvarchaeaceae"

Class Nanobdellia

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Nanobdellia incertae sedis

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Order JAPDLS01

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  • Family "Haiyanarchaeaceae" Rao et al. 2023

Order "Jingweiarchaeales"

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  • Family "Jingweiarchaeaceae" Rao et al. 2023

Order Nanobdellales

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  • Family "Nanoarchaeaceae" Huber et al. 2011
  • Family Nanobdellaceae Kato et al. 2022 ["Nanopusillaceae" Huber et al. 2011]
    • Nanobdella Kato et al. 2022 ["Candidatus Nanobsidianus" Castelle et al. 2015; "Candidatus Nanopusillus" Wurch et al. 2016]
    • "Candidatus Nanoclepta" St. John et al. 2019

Order "Tiddalikarchaeales"

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  • Family "Tiddalikarchaeaceae" Vázquez-Campos et al. 2021

Order "Parvarchaeales"

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Phylum Promethearchaeota

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Phylogeny of Promethearchaeota[8][9][10]

Promethearchaeota incertae sedis

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  • Class "Balderarchaeia"
    • Order "Balderarchaeales"
      • Family "Balderarchaeaceae" (sic) Xie et al. 2022
  • Class "Tyrarchaeia"
    • Order "Tyrarchaeales"
      • Family "Tyrarchaeaceae" Xie et al. 2022

Class "Asgardarchaeia"

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Order "Asgardarchaeales"

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  • Family "Asgardarchaeaceae" Eme et al. 2023 ex Tamarit et al. 2024

Class "Atabeyarchaeia"

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Order "Atabeyarchaeales"

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  • Family "Asgardarchaeaceae" Eme et al. 2023 ex Tamarit et al. 2024

Class "Sifarchaeia"

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Order "Borrarchaeales"

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  • Family "Borrarchaeaceae" Liu et al. 2021

Order "Sifarchaeales"

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  • Family "Sifarchaeaceae" Sun et al. 2021
    • "Candidatus Sifarchaeum" corrig. Farag, Zhao & Biddle 2020

Class "Wukongarchaeia"

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Order "Wukongarchaeales"

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  • Family "Wukongarchaeaceae" Liu et al. 2021

Class "Njordarchaeia"

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Order "Njordarchaeales"

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  • Family "Njordarchaeaceae" Xie et al. 2022
  • Family "Panguiarchaeaceae" Qu et al. 2023

Class "Heimdallarchaeia"

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Order "Hodarchaeales"

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  • Family "Hodarchaeaceae" Liu et al. 2021

Order "Gerdarchaeales"

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Order "Heimdallarchaeales"

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  • Family "Kariarchaeaceae" Liu et al. 2021
  • Family "Heimdallarchaeaceae" ?Wu et al. 2022

Class "Odinarchaeia"

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Order "Odinarchaeales"

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  • Family "Odinarchaeaceae" Tamarit et al. 2022

Class "Jordarchaeia"

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Order "Jordarchaeales"

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  • Family "Freyrarchaeaceae" Xie et al. 2022
  • Family "Jordarchaeaceae" Sun et al. 2021

Class "Baldrarchaeia"

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Order "Baldrarchaeales"

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  • Family "Baldrarchaeaceae" corrig. Liu et al. 2021

Class "Thorarchaeia"

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Order "Thorarchaeales"

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Class "Hermodarchaeia"

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Order "Hermodarchaeales"

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  • Family "Hermodarchaeaceae" corrig. Liu et al. 2021

Class Promethearchaeia

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Order "Helarchaeales"

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Order Promethearchaeales

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In GTDB as order CR-4

Phylogeny of Promethearchaeales[8][9][10]
"Sigynarchaeaceae"

"Ca. Sigynarchaeum"

Promethearchaeaceae

Phylum "Korarchaeota"

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Class "Korarchaeia"

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Order "Korarchaeales"

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Phylum Thermoproteota

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Phylogeny of Thermoproteota[8][9][10]

Thermoproteota Incertae sedis

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Class "Bathyarchaeia"

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Order "Bifangarchaeales"

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  • Family "Bifangicolaceae" Hou et al. 2023
    • ?"Candidatus Bifangicola" Hou et al. 2023 [3300025546_26]
  • Family "Bifangarchaeaceae" Hou et al. 2023
    • "Candidatus Bifangarchaeum" corrig. Hou et al. 2023 [B24: DTBU01 sp011374155]
  • Family "Bifangistellaceae" Hou et al. 2023
    • "Candidatus Bifangistella" Hou et al. 2023 [DRYS01: DRYS01 sp011367275]

Order "Xuanwuarculales"

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  • Family "Mazuisomaceae" Hou et al. 2023
  • Family "Mazuicellaceae" Hou et al. 2023
  • Family "Mazuousiaecae" Hou et al. 2023
  • Family "Xuanwuarculaceae" Hou et al. 2023
    • "Candidatus Xuanwuarcula" Hou et al. 2023 [RBG-16-48-13 sp001775995]

Order "Hecatellales"

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Phylogeny of "Hecatellaceae"[8][9][10]

"Ca. Hecatella"

"Ca. Jinwuicola"

"Ca. Jinwuimorpha"

  • Family "Hecatellaceae" Rinke et al. 2020

Order "Houtuarculales"

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Phylogeny of Houtuarculales[8][9][10]
"Crenohoutuithermaceae"

"Ca. Crenohoutuithermus"

"Fontihoutuithermaceae"

"Ca. Fontihoutuithermus"

"Aphrohoutuibellaceae"
"Houtuousiaceae"

"Ca. Houtuousia"

"Ca. Houtuarcula"

  • Family "Houtuithermaceae" Hou et al. 2023
  • Family "Marihoutuimonadaceae" Hou et al. 2023
  • Family "Crenohoutuithermaceae" Hou et al. 2023
  • Family "Fontihoutuithermaceae" Hou et al. 2023
  • Family "Aphrohoutuibellaceae" Hou et al. 2023
  • Family "Houtuousiaceae" Hou et al. 2023

Order "Wuzhiqiibiales"

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Phylogeny of "Wuzhiqiibiales"[8][9][10]
"Wuzhiqiimorphaceae"

"Ca. Wuzhiqiimorpha"

"Wuzhiqiimonadaceae"

"Ca. Wuzhiqiimonas"

"Wuzhiqiibiaceae"

"Ca. Wuzhiqiibium"

  • Family "Wuzhiqiithermaceae" Hou et al. 2023
  • Family "Wuzhiqiitorraceae" Hou et al. 2023
  • Family "Wuzhiqiimorphaceae" Hou et al. 2023
    • "Candidatus Wuzhiqiimorpha" Hou et al. 2023 [PIYN01: PIYN01 sp003601775]
  • Family "Wuzhiqiimonadaceae" Hou et al. 2023
  • Family "Wuzhiqiibiaceae" Hou et al. 2023

Order "Zhuquarculales"

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  • Family "Zhuquarculaceae" Hou et al. 2023
  • Family "Zhuquomorphaceae" Hou et al. 2023

Order "Bathyarchaeales"

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Phylogeny of "Bathyarchaeales"[8][9][10]
"Pontizhurongicolaceae"

"Ca. Pontizhurongicola"

"Hanbarchaeaceae"
"Marizhurongicellaceae"
"Hanbopyraceae"

"Ca. Hanbopyrus"

"Jingweiiplasmataceae"

"Ca. Jingweiiplasma"

"Bathyarchaeaceae"
"Bathycorpusculaceae"

Class Nitrososphaeria_A

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Order "Caldarchaeales"

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Phylogeny of "Caldarchaeales"[8][9][10]
"Calditenuaceae"

"Ca. Calditenuis"

"Caldarchaeaceae"
"Wolframiiraptoraceae"
  • Family "Calditenuaceae" Balbay et al. 2023
  • Family "Caldarchaeaceae" Rinke et al. 2020
  • Family "Wolframiiraptoraceae" Buessecker et al. 2022

Class Nitrososphaeria

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Nitrososphaeria Incertae sedis

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Order "Nitrosomirales"

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Order "Geothermarchaeales"

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Order PSMU01

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Order "Conexivisphaerales"

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  • Family "Conexivisphaeraceae" Kato et al. 2021 (THSC Group)

Order Nitrososphaerales

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Phylogeny of Nitrososphaerales[8][9][10]

Class "Methanomethylicia"

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Methanomethylicia incertae sedis

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  • Order "Methanohydrogenicales"
    • Family "Methanohydrogenicaceae" Berghuis et al. 2019
  • Order "Methanomethylarchaeales"
    • Family "Methanomethylarchaeceae" corrig. Hua et al. 2019
  • Order "Methanomethylovorales"
    • Family "Methanomethylovoraceae" Hua et al. 2019

Order "Nezhaarchaeales"

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Order "Culexarchaeles"

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  • Family "Culexarchaeaceae" Kohtz et al. 2022 ["Methanomediaceae" Berghuis et al. 2019]
    • "Candidatus Culexarchaeum" Kohtz et al. 2022 ["Candidatus Methanomedium" Berghuis et al. 2019]
  • Family "Culexmicrobiaceae" Kohtz et al. 2022

Order "Methanomethylicales"

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Class Thermoproteia

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Order "Gearchaeales"

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  • Family "Gearchaeaceae" corrig.

Order Thermofilales

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Order Thermoproteales

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Phylogeny of Thermoproteales[8][9][10]
Thermocladiaceae
Thermoproteaceae

Class "Sulfolobia"

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Order "Marsarchaeales"

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Order Sulfolobales

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Phylogeny of Sulfolobales[8][9][10]

Phylum "Hadarchaeota"

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Class "Persephonarchaeia"

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Class "Hadarchaeia"

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Order "Hadarchaeales"

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  • Family "Cerberiarchaeaceae" Benito Merino et al. 2024
  • Family "Hadarchaeaceae" Chuvochina et al. 2019 ex Chuvochina et al. 2023

Phylum Methanobacteriota_B

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Phylogeny of Methanobacteriota_B[8][9][10]

Class "Theionarchaeia"

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Class Thermococci

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Order "Methanofastidiosales"

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  • Family "Methanofastidiosaceae" Rinke et al. 2020

Order Thermococcales

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Phylum "Hydrothermarchaeota"

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Class "Hydrothermarchaeia"

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Order "Hydrothermarchaeales"

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  • Family BMS3B
  • Family "Hydrothermarchaeaceae" Chuvochina et al. 2019

Phylum Methanobacteriota

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Phylogeny of Methanobacteriota[8][9][10]

Class "Methanococcia"

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Order Methanococcales

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Class Methanopyria

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Order Methanopyrales

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Class Methanobacteriia

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Order Methanobacteriales

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Phylum Thermoplasmatota

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Phylogeny of Thermoplasmatota[8][9][10]

Class "Izemarchaea"

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Order "Thermoprofundales"

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  • (MBG-D, E2)

Class "Poseidoniia"

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Order MGIII

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Order "Poseidoniales"

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  • Family "Poseidoniaceae" corrig. Rinke et al. 2019
  • Family "Thalassarchaeaceae" corrig. Rinke et al. 2019

Class Thermoplasmata

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Order "Lunaplasmatales"

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  • Family "Lunaplasmataceae" Zinke et al. 2021

Order "Proteinoplasmatales"

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  • (SG8-5)

Order "Yaplasmatales"

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  • (RBG-16-68-12)

Order "Gimiplasmatales"

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  • Family "Gimiplasmataceae" Hu et al. 2020

Order "Sysuiplasmatales"

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  • Family "Sysuiplasmataceae" Yuan et al. 2021

Order Methanomassiliicoccales

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Phylogeny of Methanomassiliicoccales[8][9][10]

Order "Halarchaeoplasmatales"

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Phylogeny of Halarchaeoplasmatales[8][9][10]

"Candidatus Haladaptiplasma"

"Candidatus Halarchaeoplasma"

"Candidatus Natronoplasma"

"Candidatus Saliniplasma"

Order "Lutacidiplasmatales"

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  • Family "Lutacidiplasmataceae" Sheridan et al. 2022

Order "Aciduliprofundales"

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  • Family "Aciduliprofundaceae" Rinke et al. 2020

Order Thermoplasmatales

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Phylogeny of Thermoplasmatales[8][9][10]

Phylum Halobacteriota

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Phylogeny of Halobacteriota[8][9][10]

Halobacteriota incertae sedis

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Order "Methanoflorentales"

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  • Family "Methanoflorentaceae" Mondav et al. 2014

Class "Methanonatronarchaeia"

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Order "Methanonatronarchaeales"

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Class "Methanoliparia"

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Order "Methanoliparales"

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Class "Archaeoglobia"

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Phylogeny of "Archaeoglobia"[8][9][10]
"Mnemosynellales"
"Mnemosynellaceae"

"Candidatus Mnemosynella"

Archaeoglobales

Order "Mnemosynellales"

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  • Family "Mnemosynellaceae" Adam et al. 2022

Order Archaeoglobales

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Class "Syntropharchaeia"

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Phylogeny of "Syntropharchaeia"[8][9][10]
"Syntropharchaeales"
"Syntropharchaeaceae"

"Candidatus Syntropharchaeum"

"Alkanophagales"
"Alkanophagaceae"

"Candidatus Alkanophaga"

"Methanospiraraceae"

"Candidatus Methanoxibalbensis"

"Candidatus Methanospirare"

Order "Syntropharchaeales"

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  • Family "Syntropharchaeaceae" corrig. (ANME-2 cluster)

Order "Alkanophagales"

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  • Family "Methanophagaceae" Chadwick et al. 2022
  • Family ?"Veteromethanophagaceae" Vulcano et al. 2022
  • Family "Alkanophagaceae" [B39-G2]
  • Family "Methanospiraraceae" Laso-Pérez et al. 2022

Class Methanocellia

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Order Methanocellales

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Phylogeny of Methanocellales[8][9][10]
Methanocellaceae

Class Methanosarcinia

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Order Methanotrichales

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Order Methanosarcinales_A

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  • Family Methermicoccaceae Cheng et al. 2007

Order Methanosarcinales

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Phylogeny of Methanosarcinales[8][9][10]

Class Methanomicrobia

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Order Methanomicrobiales

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Phylogeny of Methanomicrobiales[8][9][10]

Class "Hikarchaeia"

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Order "Hikarchaeales"

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  • Family "Hikarchaeaceae" Martijn et al. 2020 (MG-IV)

Class "Ordosarchaeia"

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Order "Ordosarchaeales"

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  • Family "Ordosarchaeaceae" Zhao et al. 2024

Class Halobacteria

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Order Halorutilales

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  • Family Halorutilaceae Durán-Viseras et al. 2023

Order Halobacteriales

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Phylogeny of Halobacteriales[8][9][10]
Phylogeny of Natrialbaceae[8][9][10]
Phylogeny of Haloferacaceae[8][9][10]

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ J.P. Euzéby. "Archaea". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2021-06-27.
  2. ^ Sayers; et al. "Archaea". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
  3. ^ Parks, DH; Chuvochina, M; Waite, DW; Rinke, C; Skarshewski, A; Chaumeil, PA; Hugenholtz, P (November 2018). "A standardized bacterial taxonomy based on genome phylogeny substantially revises the tree of life". Nature Biotechnology. 36 (10): 996–1004. bioRxiv 10.1101/256800. doi:10.1038/nbt.4229. PMID 30148503. S2CID 52093100.
  4. ^ Parks, DH; Chuvochina, M; Chaumeil, PA; Rinke, C; Mussig, AJ; Hugenholtz, P (September 2020). "A complete domain-to-species taxonomy for Bacteria and Archaea". Nature Biotechnology. 38 (9): 1079–1086. bioRxiv 10.1101/771964. doi:10.1038/s41587-020-0501-8. PMID 32341564. S2CID 216560589.
  5. ^ Chaumeil, PA; Mussig, AJ; Hugenholtz, P; Parks, DH (15 November 2019). "GTDB-Tk: a toolkit to classify genomes with the Genome Taxonomy Database". Bioinformatics. 36 (6): 1925–1927. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btz848. PMC 7703759. PMID 31730192.
  6. ^ Almeida, Alexandre; Nayfach, Stephen; Boland, Miguel; Strozzi, Francesco; Beracochea, Martin; Shi, Zhou Jason; Pollard, Katherine S.; Sakharova, Ekaterina; Parks, Donovan H.; Hugenholtz, Philip; Segata, Nicola; Kyrpides, Nikos C.; Finn, Robert D. (20 July 2020). "A unified catalog of 204,938 reference genomes from the human gut microbiome". Nature Biotechnology. 39 (1): 105–114. doi:10.1038/s41587-020-0603-3. PMC 7801254. PMID 32690973.
  7. ^ Nayfach, Stephen; et al. (9 November 2020). "A genomic catalog of Earth's microbiomes". Nature Biotechnology. 39 (4): 499–509. doi:10.1038/s41587-020-0718-6. PMC 8041624. PMID 33169036.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad "GTDB release 10-RS226". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad "ar53_r226.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  11. ^ "The LTP". Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  12. ^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  13. ^ "LTP_12_2021 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  14. ^ a b c Ruize Xie, Yinzhao Wang, Danyue Huang, Jialin Hou, Liuyang Li, Haining Hu, Xiaoxiao Zhao, Fengping Wang: Expanding Asgard members in the domain of Archaea sheds new light on the origin of eukaryotes. In: Science China Life Sciences, vol. 65, p. 818–829, April 2022. doi:10.1007/s11427-021-1969-6, PMID 34378142. Epub: Aug. 6, 2021. Along with:Njordarchaeota, a new candidate for a sister group to eukaryotes. EurekAlert!, Oct. 20, 2021.
  15. ^ LPSN: Order "Candidatus Njordarchaeales"
  16. ^ a b Fabai Wu, Daan R. Speth, Alon Philosof, Antoine Crémière, Aditi Narayanan, Roman A. Barco, Stephanie A. Connon, Jan P. Amend, Igor A. Antoshechkin, Victoria J. Orphan: Unique mobile elements and scalable gene flow at the prokaryote–eukaryote boundary revealed by circularized Asgard archaea genomes. In: Nature Microbiology volume 7, p. 200–212, Jan 13, 2022. doi:10.1038/s41564-021-01039-y, PMID 35027677, PMC 8813620. See also Extended Data Fig. 2.
  17. ^ LPSN: Order "Candidatus Freyrarchaeales"
  18. ^ LPSN: Family "Candidatus Sigynarchaeaceae"
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