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Odin (satellite)

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For the satellite weapon in the novels of Philip Reeve, see Mortal Engines Quartet § ODIN.
Odin
Mission typeAeronomy, Astrophysics
OperatorOHB Sweden, former part of SSC
Funded by SNSB, TEKES, CSA, CNES
COSPAR ID2001-007A Edit this at Wikidata
SATCAT no.26702
Websitewww.snsb.se/en/Home/Space-Activities-in-Sweden/Satellites/Odin/
Mission durationElapsed: 24 years, 4 months and 11 days
Spacecraft properties
ManufacturerSwedish Space Corporation
Dry mass250 kg (550 lb)
Power340.0 watts
Start of mission
Launch date20 February 2001, 08:48:27 (2001-02-20UTC08:48:27Z) UTC
RocketStart-1
Launch siteSvobodny 5
ContractorUnited Start
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric
RegimeLow Earth
Perigee altitude622 km (386 mi)
Apogee altitude622 km (386 mi)
Inclination97.83°
Period97.60 minutes

Odin is a Swedish satellite working in two disciplines: astrophysics and aeronomy. It was named after Odin of Norse mythology. Within the field of astrophysics, Odin was used until the spring of 2007 aiding in the study of star formation. Odin is still used for aeronomical observations, including exploration of the depletion of the ozone layer and effects of global warming. The satellite is still functioning nominally (June 2025) and is expected to deorbit in 2026.[1]

Overview

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The main instrument on Odin is a radiometer using a 1.1 m telescope, designed to be used for both the astronomy and aeronomy missions. The radiometer works at 486–580 GHz and at 119 GHz. The second instrument on board is the OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System).[2]

Odin was developed by the Space Systems Division of Swedish Space Corporation (now OHB Sweden) as part of an international project involving the space agencies of Sweden (SNSB), Finland (TEKES), Canada (CSA) and France (CNES). Odin was launched on a START-1 rocket on 20 February 2001 from Svobodny, Russia.[2]

In April 2007, astronomers announced that Odin had made the first ever detection of molecular oxygen (O
2) in interstellar clouds.[3][4] The operator announced in 2025 that the satellite is expected to burn up in the atmosphere in the second quarter of 2026 and is expected to be operational until then, outliving the expected two year lifetime by 23 years.[1]

Lists

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International partners:[5]

Agencies or organizations involved in Odin:[5]

  • Swedish National Space Board
  • Swedish Space Corporation
  • Canadian Space Agency
  • Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (of Canada)
  • National Technology Agency of Finland
  • CNES (France)

Objectives:[5]

  • Astronomy
  • Aeronomy applications
  • Atmospheric research
  • Stratospheric ozone chemistry
  • Mesospheric ozone science
  • Summer mesospheric science
  • Coupling of atmospheric regions

Results

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Examples:

  • Odin has observed water in comets.[6]
  • Odin detected of molecular oxygen (O
    2    ) in interstellar clouds.[3][4]
  • Odin observed carbon monoxide in the strato-mesosphere.[7]
  • Odin has studied nitrous oxides in the atmosphere.[8]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Odin is now in its final year as an operational satellite". SSC. Retrieved 19 June 2025.
  2. ^ a b "Odin". Swedish National Space Agency. Archived from the original on 18 April 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
  3. ^ a b "Molecular Oxygen Detected For The First Time In The Interstellar Medium". ScienceDaily. CNRS. 17 April 2007. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  4. ^ a b "Odin celebrates 14 years in orbit". ESA. 20 February 2015. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  5. ^ a b c "Odin - Earth Online". earth.esa.int.
  6. ^ A. Lecacheux; N. Biver; J. Crovisier; D. Bockelée-Morvan; P. Baron; R. S. Booth; P. Encrenaz; H.-G. Florén; U. Frisk; Å. Hjalmarson; S. Kwok; K. Mattila; L. Nordh; M. Olberg; A. O. H. Olofsson; H. Rickman; Aa. Sandqvist; F. von Schéele; G. Serra; S. Torchinsky; K. Volk; A. Winnberg (May 2003). "Observations of water in comets with Odin" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 402 (3): L55 – L58. Bibcode:2003A&A...402L..55L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030338. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  7. ^ Dupuy, É. (2004). "Strato-mesospheric measurements of carbon monoxide with the Odin Sub-Millimetre Radiometer: Retrieval and first results". Geophysical Research Letters. 31 (20). Bibcode:2004GeoRL..3120101D. doi:10.1029/2004GL020558.
  8. ^ S. Brohede; C. A. Mclinden; J. Urban; C. S. Haley; A. I. Jonsson; D. Murtagh (2008). "Odin stratospheric proxy NOy measurements and climatology". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 8 (19): 5731–5754. Bibcode:2008ACP.....8.5731B. doi:10.5194/acp-8-5731-2008. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
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