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Olchowce

Coordinates: 49°33′14″N 22°14′02″E / 49.55389°N 22.23389°E / 49.55389; 22.23389
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Olchowce
District
Historic former Orthodox church
Historic former Orthodox church
Olchowce is located in Poland
Olchowce
Olchowce
Coordinates: 49°33′14″N 22°14′02″E / 49.55389°N 22.23389°E / 49.55389; 22.23389
Country Poland
VoivodeshipSubcarpathian Voivodeship
CountySanok County
CitySanok
Established15th century
Incorporated into Sanok1 November 1972
Postal code
38-500
Vehicle registrationRSA

Olchowce is a district of Sanok, located along National Road 28. Once an independent village, it was incorporated into Sanok on 1 November 1972.

History

[edit]

Olchowce was first documented on 18 August 1444, when King Władysław III of Poland, also King of Hungary, granted Piotr Czeszyk of Rytarowce an empty lan in the royal village of Olchowce, located in the Sanok Land.[1] This land, previously cultivated by the Sanok starosta for the castle's needs, was occupied by peasants Subal and Szymko. Olchowce likely served as a royal village supporting the Sanok castle. By 1699, it was referred to as "Posada Olchowska", a term still used informally today.[1]

Situated in the Sanok Land of the Ruthenian Voivodeship during the late 16th and early 17th centuries,[2] Olchowce, then spelled Olchowcze, was part of the Zarszyn estate under the Krosno starosta in the mid-17th century.[3]

In 1812, Austrian authorities established a horse breeding and remount department in Olchowce, which was relocated to Drohobych in 1822.[4] On 31 October 1851, during his journey through Galicia, Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria visited the Olchowce stud farm, led by Captain Kaspar Müller. Crossing a hastily built bridge over the San river, he inspected the herd and performed several equestrian maneuvers before continuing to Sanok.[5][6]

In the mid-19th century (1850s and 1860s), the tabular estates (former noble lands) of Olchowce, including Międzybrodzie and Posada Olchowce, were government-owned.[7][8] By the 1870s and 1880s, these estates were owned by Sanok bankers Abisch and Sosie (or Zofia) Kanner.[9][10][11] An 1886 record describes an estate in Olchowce with an unfinished manor, outbuildings, stables, barns, and granaries.[12] On 9 August 1889, brothers Józef [pl] and Stanisław [pl] Nowak purchased the Olchowce estate, spanning 5,000 morgens, for 350,000 PLN.[11][13] By the 1890s, Józef Nowak was listed as the sole owner.[14][15] After his death in 1901, his heirs, including sons Tadeusz and Eugeniusz, inherited the estate.[15][16][17] By 1911, Tadeusz and Eugeniusz were recorded as co-owners,[18] and the estate remained with Józef's heirs through 1918.[15] In the Second Polish Republic, the estate was owned by Józef and Antoni Nowak before 1930,[19] and by Roman Nowak by 1939.[20]

In 1910, a post office opened in Olchowce.[21] By the early 1910s, Olchowce was considered a summer resort, with rental homes offered by Karol Niedzielski from Krosno.[22]

After 1914, a horse stud (K.k. Hengsten Depot) operated in Posada for the uhlan garrison. During the Second Polish Republic, Olchowce hosted branches of the Riflemen's Association, the National Unity Camp, and a Kaczkowski reading room.[23]

From September 1939 to June 1941, Olchowce was under Soviet occupation, separated from Sanok by the Molotov Line. After the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, the Nazis established a POW camp for Soviet prisoners in the local military barracks, operating until July 1944 and holding about 20,000 prisoners.[24][25][26][27]

In spring 1946, Olchowce was burned by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. A resident recalled hearing gunfire and grenade explosions, with no aid from local military or security forces.[28] Today, a Soviet Prisoners of War Cemetery exists among residential buildings.[29]

Post-war, the former stud and barracks housed a Polish People's Army tank unit (26th Medium Tank Regiment). From 8 February 1990, the barracks were repurposed for the Military Recruitment Center at 1 Przemyska Street,[30] and since 2006, the county police headquarters at Witkiewicza Street.[31]

In 1972, Olchowce was incorporated into the city of Sanok.[32]

On 21 August 1993, a homeless shelter, consecrated by Archbishop Józef Michalik,[33][34] opened at 11 Hetmańska Street under the auspices of the Sanok branch of the Saint Brother Albert Aid Society.[35]

References

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  1. ^ a b Rieger, Janusz (2004). Gewässernamen im Flussgebiet des San [Waterbody Names in the San River Basin] (in German). Steiner. p. 29. ISBN 3-515-08308-1.
  2. ^ Aleksander, Jabłonowski (1889–1904). Atlas historyczny Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej wydany z zasiłkiem Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie [Historical Atlas of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Published with the Support of the Academy of Learning in Kraków] (in Polish). Warsaw, Vienna: C. i K. Wojskowo. p. 4.
  3. ^ Arłamowski, Kazimierz; Kaput, Wanda, eds. (1970). Lustracja województwa ruskiego 1661-1665. Cz. 1, Ziemia Przemyska i Sanocka [Inspection of the Ruthenian Voivodeship 1661-1665, Part 1, Przemyśl and Sanok Lands] (in Polish). Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich. p. 284.
  4. ^ Pruski, Witold (1946). "Początki hodowli konia angielskiego w Polsce" [Beginnings of English Horse Breeding in Poland]. Hodowca Koni (in Polish). 8: 111.
  5. ^ "Sprawy krajowe. Sanok" [National Affairs. Sanok]. Gazeta Lwowska (in Polish). 259: 1031–1032. 10 November 1851.
  6. ^ 1851 r. (d. 11 października) wjazd najjaśniejszego Franciszka Józefa I, cesarza Austryi, do Krakowa, tudzież podróż J. Ces. Król. Apost. Mości po Galicyi i Bukowinie [1851 (11 October) Entry of His Majesty Francis Joseph I, Emperor of Austria, to Kraków, and His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty's Journey through Galicia and Bukovina] (in Polish). Kraków: Czcionkami Czasu. 1853. p. 96. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  7. ^ Stupnicki, Hipolit (1855). Skorowidz wszystkich miejscowości położonych w królestwie Galicyi i Lodomeryi [Index of All Localities in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria] (in Polish). Lviv: Karol Wild. p. 149.
  8. ^ Skorowidz wszystkich miejscowości położonych w Królestwie Galicyi i Lodomeryi wraz z Wielkiem Księstwem Krakowskiem [Index of All Localities in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria with the Grand Duchy of Kraków] (in Polish). 1868. p. 149.
  9. ^ Orzechowski, Konrad (1872). Przewodnik statystyczno topograficzny i skorowidz obejmujący wszystkie miejscowości z przysiółkami w Królestwie Galicyi [Statistical and Topographic Guide and Index of All Localities with Hamlets in the Kingdom of Galicia] (in Polish). Kraków: Konrad Orzechowski. p. 57.
  10. ^ Bigo, Jan (1886). Najnowszy skorowidz wszystkich miejscowości z przysiółkami w Królestwie Galicyi, Wielk. Księstwie Krakowskiem i Księs. Bukowińskiem [Latest Index of All Localities with Hamlets in the Kingdom of Galicia, Grand Duchy of Kraków, and Duchy of Bukovina] (in Polish). Złoczów: Jan Bigo. p. 135. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  11. ^ a b "Sanok". Kurjer Lwowski (in Polish). 221: 2. 11 August 1889.
  12. ^ "Olchowce". Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego [Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland] (in Polish). Warsaw: Kasa im. Józefa Mianowskiego. 1880–1902. p. 449.
  13. ^ Pilat, Tadeusz (1890). Skorowidz dóbr tabularnych w Galicyi z Wielkiem Ks. Krakowskiem [Index of Titled Estates in Galicia with the Grand Duchy of Kraków] (in Polish). Lviv: Tadeusz Pilat. p. 142.
  14. ^ "Obwieszczenie" [Announcement]. Gazeta Lwowska (in Polish). 264: 10. 19 November 1893.
  15. ^ a b c Bigo, Jan (1897). Najnowszy skorowidz wszystkich miejscowości z przysiółkami w Królestwie Galicyi, Wielkim Księstwie Krakowskiem i Księs. Bukowińskiem z uwzględnieniem wszystkich dotąd zaszłych zmian terytoryalnych kraju [The Newest Index of All Localities with Hamlets in the Kingdom of Galicia, the Grand Duchy of Kraków, and the Duchy of Bukovina, Including All Territorial Changes to Date] (in Polish). Lviv: Dziennik Polski. pp. 116, 122, 133. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  16. ^ Skorowidz dóbr tabularnych w Galicyi z W. Ks. Krakowskiem [Index of Titled Estates in Galicia with the Grand Duchy of Kraków] (in Polish). Kraków: Wydział Krajowy. 1905. p. 104.
  17. ^ Zielecki, Alojzy (1995). "Życie gospodarcze. W epoce autonomii galicyjskiej" [Economic Life. In the Era of Galician Autonomy]. In Kiryk, Feliks (ed.). Sanok. Dzieje miasta [Sanok. History of the City] (in Polish). Kraków: Secesja. p. 405. ISBN 83-86077-57-3.
  18. ^ Skorowidz powiatu sanockiego. Wydany na podstawie dat zebranych w roku 1911 [Index of Sanok County. Published Based on Data Collected in 1911] (in Polish). Sanok: Józef Barzyński. 1911. p. 14.
  19. ^ Epsztein, Tadeusz; Górzyński, Sławomir, eds. (1990). Spis ziemian Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w roku 1930 [List of Landowners of the Polish Republic in 1930] (in Polish). Warsaw: Blitz-Print. ISBN 978-83-8549-007-4.
  20. ^ Książka telefoniczna [Telephone Book] (PDF) (in Polish). Warsaw. 1939. p. 706.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  21. ^ "Otwarcie urzędu pocztowego w Olchowcach" [Opening of the Post Office in Olchowce]. Kurjer Lwowski (in Polish). 496: 9. 26 October 1910.
  22. ^ "Nasze letniska. Urocze letnisko Olchowce pod Sanokiem" [Our Resorts: Charming Resort Olchowce near Sanok]. Kurjer Lwowski (in Polish). 290: 3–4. 28 June 1911.
  23. ^ Rąpała, Stanisław (1939). Kwestionariusze z badania środowiska. Olchowce [Environmental Survey Questionnaires. Olchowce] (in Polish). Sanok: Muzeum Historyczne w Sanoku. p. 1.
  24. ^ Cyran, C.; Rachwał, A. (1979). "Eksterminacja ludności na Sanocczyźnie w latach 1939–1944" [Extermination of the Population in the Sanok Land in 1939–1944]. Rocznik Sanocki (in Polish): 72–74.
  25. ^ Konkol, Konrad (1974). "Obóz w Olchowcach" [Camp in Olchowce]. Podkarpacie (in Polish). 15: 6.
  26. ^ Kowalski, Tadeusz (1973). Obozy hitlerowskie w Polsce południowo-wschodniej 1939–1973 [Hitler's Camps in Southeastern Poland] (in Polish). Warsaw: Książka i Wiedza. pp. 39, 239.
  27. ^ Zabierowski, Stanisław (1985). Szebnie, dzieje obozów hitlerowskich [Szebnie, History of Nazi Camps] (in Polish). Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza. pp. 24, 40. ISBN 83-03-01046-8.
  28. ^ Stachowicz, Józef (1994). Miniony czas: wspomnienia nauczyciela [Times Past: A Teacher's Memoirs] (in Polish). Księgarnia Akademicka. p. 215. ISBN 978-83-901827-1-1.
  29. ^ "Sanok – cmentarz jeńców radzieckich" [Sanok – Soviet Prisoners' Cemetery]. mpn.rzeszow.uw.gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 23 June 2025.
  30. ^ Wójcik, Monika. "Historia WKU w Sanoku" [History of the Military Recruitment Center in Sanok]. wku.wp.mil.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 8 December 2013.
  31. ^ "KPP w Sanoku" [Sanok County Police Headquarters]. podkarpacka.policja.gov.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 7 February 2016.
  32. ^ "Rozporządzenie Prezesa Rady Ministrów z dnia 6 października 1972 r. w sprawie zmiany granic miasta Sanoka w województwie rzeszowskim" [Ordinance of the Prime Minister of 6 October 1972 on the Change of the Borders of the City of Sanok in the Rzeszów Voivodeship]. Dziennik Ustaw (in Polish). 43 (274). 6 October 1972.
  33. ^ Mękarska, Dorota (25 August 1993). "Ludzie są lepsi niż myślimy" [People Are Better Than We Think]. Tygodnik Sanocki (in Polish). 14 (97): 5.
  34. ^ Sudoł, Adam (2001). Wybór z Księgi Ogłoszeń Parafii Przemienienia Pańskiego w Sanoku (lata 1967–1995) [Selection from the Announcement Book of the Transfiguration Parish in Sanok (1967–1995)] (in Polish). Sanok: Kuria Metropolitarna. p. 387. ISBN 83-914224-7-X.
  35. ^ "Kontakt" [Contact]. tpba.sanok.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 23 June 2025.
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