Honduras was home to several important Mesoamerican cultures, most notably the Maya, before Spanish colonization in the sixteenth century. The Spanish introduced Catholicism and the now predominant Spanish language, along with numerous customs that have blended with the indigenous culture. Honduras became independent in 1821 and has since been a republic, although it has consistently endured much social strife and political instability, and remains one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere. In 1960, the northern part of what was the Mosquito Coast was transferred from Nicaragua to Honduras by the International Court of Justice.
The nation's economy is primarily agricultural, making it especially vulnerable to natural disasters such as Hurricane Mitch in 1998. Honduras has a Human Development Index of 0.624, ranking 138th in the world. In 2022, according to the National Institute of Statistics of Honduras (INE), 73% of the country's population lived in poverty and 53% lived in extreme poverty. The lower class is primarily agriculturally based while wealth is concentrated in the country's urban centers. The country is one of the most economically unequal in Latin America. (Full article...)
The Peñol de Cerquín (Spanish pronunciation:[peˈɲoldeseɾˈkin]): "Rock of Cerquín") was a mountaintop Lenca fortress in southern Honduras during the Contact Period (1520–1540). The Peñol de Cerquín was a key Lenca stronghold during the Great Revolt of 1537 against the Spanish conquest. The defences were formidable, and the Lenca warleader Lempira strengthened the fortifications considerably, and used it as his base of operations. The hardened veteran Spanish conquistadores considered the fortress to be as strong as anything they had seen in Europe.
The first Spanish expedition to pass the Peñol was led by Pedro de Alvarado in early 1536, but he did not attempt an assault. A few months later Alvarado sent his lieutenant Juan de Chávez against the fortress; his initial assault was defeated, and the siege that followed it faltered due to supply problems. Over the next year, Spanish expeditions in the general region were moderately successful, and the Spanish considered the area pacified. Unknown to the Spanish, Lempira had been fortifying the Peñol in secret, and he amassed a great number of warriors and a great quantity of supplies there before openly declaring war in late 1537. The Spanish captain Alonso de Cáceres laid siege to the fortress at the beginning of November. In spring of 1538, Lempira agreed to a parley with the Spanish, and was shot dead during the negotiations. The surprise Spanish assault that followed quickly overran the demoralised defenders, and the fortress fell to the European invaders. (Full article...)
... that when the British Honduran Lands Department claimed no lands were available for women, Gwendolyn Lizarraga marched into the swamp and measured lots to create land parcels?
... that the royal dynasty at the Maya city of Copán(fragment pictured)Sculpture on Temple 11 of Copán in Honduras was founded by a warrior sent from the distant city of Tikal?
The following are images from various Honduras-related articles on Wikipedia.
Image 1First coat of arms of Honduras given by the emperor Charles I of Spain an 5th of the Holy Roman empire. By the time of the colonial era Honduras suffered a demographic change due the arrival of Spanish immigrants (from History of Honduras)
Image 2Train station in La Ceiba during the 1920s. The locomotives were one of the main means of transportation in Honduras during the 20th century. (from History of Honduras)
Image 40The railroad transportation suffered a lot of economic issues and disadvantages during the 2000s, it was not until 2010 passenger trains where reactivated. (from History of Honduras)
Image 42The church of la Merced in the city of Comayagua was the first Cathedral of Honduras in 1550 and is the oldest Honduran church still standing. (from History of Honduras)
Image 62Oldest train still preserved in Honduras. (from History of Honduras)
Image 63Mayan representative hieroglyphic of the Yax Kuk Mo Dynasty that later would become the emblem of the Kingdom of "Oxwitik" also known as Copán. (from History of Honduras)
Image 64La Merced plaza of Comayagua after the independence from Spain. (from History of Honduras)
First coat of arms of Honduras given by the emperor Charles I of Spain an 5th of the Holy Roman empire. By the time of the colonial era Honduras suffered a demographic change due the arrival of Spanish immigrants (from History of Honduras)
Train station in La Ceiba during the 1920s. The locomotives were one of the main means of transportation in Honduras during the 20th century. (from History of Honduras)
Honduran Police in San Francisco, Lempira (from Crime in Honduras)
General Luis Bogran. (from History of Honduras)
American troops arriving in Honduras in 1988 during Operation Golden Pheasant. (from History of Honduras)
David Suazo. (from Culture of Honduras)
Cathedral of Saint Michael Archangel in Tegucigalpa was built during the XVIII century. (from History of Honduras)
Lenca vessel from the Classic period depicting an ear of corn in its sheath (from Honduran cuisine)
Coat of Arms of Trujillo, one of the oldest towns founded by the Spanish in Honduras.
Diablos Negros, is a Honduran hard Rock band active since the 1980s. (from Culture of Honduras)
Flag of the Central American Federation that lasted until 1839. (from History of Honduras)
Honduran army in 1926. (from History of Honduras)
Pre Columbian pottery from the Ulua region. (from Culture of Honduras)
Lempira, Lenca leader and war lord. (from Culture of Honduras)
The Virgin of Suyapa (from Culture of Honduras)
The SS Contessa, a Honduran ship that participated in the Operation Torch in the north African campaign in the Second World War. (from History of Honduras)
Footballer Porfirio Betancourt, 1981, one of the first hispanic players for the NASL. (from Culture of Honduras)
The Fortress of San Fernando de Omoa (from History of Honduras)
City of Comayagüela in the 2010s (from History of Honduras)
Group of dancers with typical costumes from Honduras. (from Culture of Honduras)
A Honduran breakfast (from Honduran cuisine)
The baleada is a popular Honduran fast food dish. (from Culture of Honduras)
Emilio Izaguirre (from Culture of Honduras)
Traditional dance of Honduras. (from Culture of Honduras)
San Cristóbal fortress, in the city of Gracias, built during the 19th century. (from History of Honduras)
Honduran emerald (Amazilia luciae) (from Flora and fauna of Honduras)
Wilson Palacios (from Culture of Honduras)
Mayan stellae. (from Culture of Honduras)
Sopa de caracol (conch soup) (from Honduran cuisine)
Tegucigalpa in 1910. (from History of Honduras)
Pyramid 102 of Yarumela, one of the oldest Honduran archeological sites. (from History of Honduras)
Coat of arms of the Miskito royal family. (from History of Honduras)
Honduran National Congress, built during the 1950s (from History of Honduras)
Juan Carlos Fanconi, Film Director (from Culture of Honduras)
Mayan rain god Chaac representation at the Mayan Sculpture Museum in Copán. (from Culture of Honduras)
Pork chop with plantain chips. (from Honduran cuisine)
Port of Amapala. (from History of Honduras)
The railroad transportation suffered a lot of economic issues and disadvantages during the 2000s, it was not until 2010 passenger trains where reactivated. (from History of Honduras)
Sawdust carpet in Holy Week. (from Culture of Honduras)
The church of la Merced in the city of Comayagua was the first Cathedral of Honduras in 1550 and is the oldest Honduran church still standing. (from History of Honduras)
Honduran armed conflict of 1907. (from History of Honduras)
The nacatamal a prehispanic dish widely consumed in Honduras. (from Culture of Honduras)
Maguen David sinagoge in San Pedro Sula, one of the places of the Honduran Jewish community. (from Culture of Honduras)
One of the Pyramids of Los Naranjos, considered the oldest structures of Honduras.
Map of the town of Trujillo from the 16th century. (from History of Honduras)
Central Park in San Pedro Sula, where several cultural events take place throughout the year. (from Culture of Honduras)
After the 2009 coup d'état, the military presence in the streets began to be more common. (from History of Honduras)
Central American president General Francisco Morazán Quezada.
Punta dance of Honduras formed by the Garifuna (from Culture of Honduras)
Cafe Guancasco, is one of the best exponents of Honduran pop rock. (from Culture of Honduras)
Tela's railroad company building, built in 1919. (from History of Honduras)
Roger Espinoza (from Culture of Honduras)
Actress America Ferrera. (from Culture of Honduras)
Old presidential palace of Honduras. (from History of Honduras)
Sir Salvador Moncada. Honduran pharmacologyst. (from Culture of Honduras)
Xiomara Castro became the first woman to gain a presidential charge in Honduras. (from History of Honduras)
Oldest train still preserved in Honduras. (from History of Honduras)
Mayan representative hieroglyphic of the Yax Kuk Mo Dynasty that later would become the emblem of the Kingdom of "Oxwitik" also known as Copán. (from History of Honduras)
La Merced plaza of Comayagua after the independence from Spain. (from History of Honduras)
Fried fish from Lake Yojoa (from Honduran cuisine)
Lencan cloth. (from Culture of Honduras)
European pirates, especially British, French, and Dutch attacked Honduran towns during the colonial era.
Casamiento, a rice and beans dish (from Honduran cuisine)
Honduran Police in a rural area. (from Crime in Honduras)
El Xendra is an independent film that mixes elements of suspense and science fiction. (from Culture of Honduras)
After the fall of Tenochtitlan, Hernán Cortés made his journey to the region of las Hibueras, modern day Honduras. (from History of Honduras)
Tegucigalpa after the Mitch Hurricane. (from History of Honduras)
Painting depicting the chief Lempira fighting against a conquistador (from History of Honduras)
Holy Week in Honduras. (from Culture of Honduras)
President Manuel Bonilla. (from History of Honduras)
In 1986 Honduras bombed two Nicaraguan towns. (from History of Honduras)
The flag of the British protectorate of The Miskito Coast. (from History of Honduras)
The Central American peace conference in 1907. (from History of Honduras)
The dictatorship of Carias Andino is remembered as the longest dictatorship that Honduras has ever had (from History of Honduras).svg?lang=en)
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