Jump to content

Shaklee

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Shaklee Corporation
Company typePrivate
IndustryWellness, Personal care, Multi-level marketing
Founded1956
FounderForrest C. Shaklee
HeadquartersMiami, Florida[1]
Key people
ProductsNutrition, Weight management, Beauty, Household
Websitewww.shaklee.com

Shaklee Corporation is an American manufacturer and multi-level marketing distributor of natural nutrition supplements, weight-management products, beauty products, and household products. The company is based in Miami, Florida, with operations in several countries.

History

[edit]

Founding

[edit]

Forrest C. Shaklee (1894–1985), a chiropractor and nutritionist based in his home state of Iowa, and later in Oakland, California, created the first vitamin in the United States labeled "Shaklee's Vitalized Minerals" in 1915.[2] In 1956, Shaklee founded the Shaklee Corporation with his two sons to manufacture nutritional supplements.[3] Shaklee chose the multi-level marketing business model to market their product.[4][5] Starting in 1956, Shaklee began marketing organic, biodegradable cleaning products.

Expansion, divestiture, and changes of ownership

[edit]

Shaklee Corporation was a publicly traded company in the late 1970s and was listed on the New York Stock Exchange. In 1973, the firm relocated its business offices from Hayward, California, to the Watergate office complex in Emeryville.[6] In 1980, the company relocated again to the One Front Street skyscraper in San Francisco's Financial District. In 1982 Shaklee was included in the Fortune 500 list. The company expanded its business operations in 1986 by acquiring Bear Creek Corporation, a direct marketing firm known for its Harry and David Fruit-of-the-Month Club, from RJR Nabisco for $123 million.[7] In 1989, Shaklee sold a 78 percent stake in Shaklee Japan to the Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Company for $350 million while retaining a licensing agreement and continuing to collect royalty payments from the Japanese operations.[8]

In March 1989, Shaklee Corporation received an unsolicited acquisition proposal from a group led by Minneapolis financier, Irwin L. Jacobs. At the time, analysts estimated Shaklee Corporation's potential leveraged buyout at $35 a share. The Jacobs group had acquired a 14.98 percent stake in the company. Shaklee declared a special dividend of $20 a share. Some observers viewed this as a "poison pill" defense against the takeover, although the company stated otherwise. Shaklee's corporate bylaws included provisions that were triggered when an investor reached a 15 percent ownership threshold.[9]

Shortly after, Jacobs increased his stake,[10] however Shaklee Corporation subsequently announced its acquisition by Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical for $28 per share in a deal valued at approximately $395 million. Yamanouchi's existing partnership with Shaklee Japan was cited as a factor in the acquisition.[11] Following the announcement, Jacobs declined to challenge the offer [12] and the acquisition was finalized, making Shaklee a privately held company. [13] In 2000, the company moved its headquarters from San Francisco to Pleasanton, California. [14]

In 2004, Yamanouchi sold Shaklee Corporation to American multi-millionaire Roger Barnett, managing partner of Activated Holdings LLC and a member of the Wolfson family, for $310 million. Around the same time, Bear Creek and the Harry and David line was sold to investment firm Wasserstein Perella & Co. for $260 million.[15][16]

Shaklee has made environmental sustainability a part of its public brand messaging.[17][18][19][20][21][22] In 2022, the company announced the launch of a body care collection described as "clean" and “anti-aging.”

FTC actions

[edit]

In 1974, Shaklee Corporation agreed to stop marketing its product "Instant Protein" as suitable for infants and to discontinue claims that misrepresented the product's protein content, following an order from the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).[23] In 1976, the FTC sanctioned Shaklee again for pressuring its distributors to maintain or advertise suggested retail prices.[24]

Controversy about Shaklee Distributors

[edit]

In 2012, New England distributor John "Jack" William Cranney was charged with using the reputation of his 45-year affiliation with Shaklee to solicit financial investments from other Shaklee distributors beginning in 2002.[25][26] In July 2012, the Massachusetts Securities Division charged Cranney with implementing a financial investment Ponzi scheme to defraud 36 victims in multiple states of roughly $10.4 million and for using the funds for personal gain.[27] Shaklee immediately suspended distributor payments to Cranney estimated at $45,000 per month.[28] Several victims sued Cranney to recover damages and he sought federal bankruptcy protection for his home, valued at $3 million.[27][29] Cranney lost the battle for his home and the proceeds from the sale were used to satisfy the claims of some of his alleged victims.[30] In September 2014, the FBI arrested Cranney in El Paso, Texas and charged him with four counts of wire fraud, 16 counts of mail fraud, and three counts of money laundering.[31]

Cycling partnerships

[edit]

From 1988 to 2000, Shaklee sponsored a UCI professional cycling team managed by Frank Scioscia. In its final year, the team was the top-ranked UCI tier III team globally and included U.S. Olympic cyclists members Jamie Carney, Jonas Carney, Adam Laurent, and Kent Bostick. It is not publicly confirmed whether the team used Shaklee products.

Customer partnerships

[edit]

NASA: Joint sponsored research agreement

[edit]

In 1993, Shaklee entered into a multi-party, research and development with NASA, San Francisco State University, and Bionetics Corporation for the research and development of high capacity rehydration fluids for astronaut use during extravehicular activity and reentry. The project was led by Dr. John Greenleaf of the NASA Ames Research Center.[32] Shaklee received the right for an exclusive license from the NASA formulation.[33]

By the end of 1993 and through the end of the NASA shuttle program, Shaklee provided NASA with a customized version of the resulting rehydration beverage, Performance, under the name Astro-ade for use by Shuttle astronauts.[34][35][36][37][38]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Contact Us". Shaklee Headquarters, USA. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  2. ^ Shook, Robert L. (1982). The Shaklee Story (1 ed.). New York City, NY: Barnes & Noble Books. p. 22. ISBN 0064648036.
  3. ^ "Dr. Forrest Shaklee; Founded Corporation". The New York Times. December 17, 1985. Retrieved June 21, 2009.
  4. ^ "The History of MLM". First Class MLM. November 11, 2007. Retrieved June 21, 2009.
  5. ^ "2022-2023 Shaklee Incentive Booklet (U.S.)" (PDF). Shaklee. Retrieved August 13, 2023.
  6. ^ "Shaklee Will Move Offices". Oakland Tribune. July 11, 1973. p. 12.
  7. ^ "Shaklee to Buy RJR Nabisco Unit". The New York Times. November 4, 1986. Retrieved June 21, 2009.
  8. ^ "Shaklee to Sell Japanese Stake". The New York Times. February 3, 1989. Retrieved June 21, 2009.
  9. ^ Fisher, Lawrence M. (March 4, 1989). "Shaklee Gets Takeover Offer From Jacobs". The New York Times. Retrieved June 21, 2009.
  10. ^ "Jacobs Increases Stake in Shaklee". The New York Times. February 25, 1989. Retrieved June 21, 2009.
  11. ^ Fisher, Lawrence M. (March 15, 1989). "Japan Drug Maker to Buy Shaklee". The New York Times. Retrieved June 21, 2009.
  12. ^ "Jacobs Cuts Stake in Shaklee to 10.5%". The New York Times. March 15, 1989. Retrieved June 21, 2009.
  13. ^ "Shaklee Offer Done". The New York Times. April 18, 1989. Retrieved June 21, 2009.
  14. ^ "History of Shaklee Corporation – FundingUniverse". www.fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved July 29, 2018.
  15. ^ "Japanese Drug Company To Sell 4 Units, Including Shaklee". The New York Times. April 3, 2004. Retrieved June 21, 2009.
  16. ^ "Wasserstein Haunts Harry & David in Buyout Doomed to Bankruptcy". Bloomberg Markets Magazine. October 11, 2011.
  17. ^ "Shaklee U.S. leads the way on global climate change issue". Shaklee, Inc. Retrieved January 26, 2012.
  18. ^ Ferla, Ruth La (April 22, 2007). "Eco-Socialites Make Cleaning Green a Priority". The New York Times.
  19. ^ "Shaklee wins 2009 Green Power Leadership Award". Shaklee, Inc.
  20. ^ "Shaklee wins 2009 Business Environmental Awards". Shaklee, Inc.
  21. ^ "Shaklee is on Top 20 Retail Partner List with the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Green Power Partnership". Shaklee, Inc.
  22. ^ "Shaklee wins 2008 Stevie Award". Shaklee, Inc.
  23. ^ Federal Trade Commission. "In the matter of Shaklee Corporation consent order, etc. in regard to alleged violation of the Federal Trade Commission Act" (PDF). ftc.gov/. FTC. Retrieved January 11, 2015.
  24. ^ Federal Trade Commission. "In The Matter Of Shaklee Corporation Co:-Sent Order, Etc., In Regard To Alleged Violation Of The Federal Trade Commission ACT" (PDF). ftc.gov. FTC. Retrieved January 11, 2015.
  25. ^ Healy, Beth. "Friends fight to recover money from Belmont businessman". Boston Globe. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  26. ^ "John William Cranney: Notice of Adjudicatory Proceeding" (PDF). Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved October 10, 2015.
  27. ^ a b United States Bankruptcy Court District Of Massachusetts Eastern Division. "Motion of United States Trustee To Convert Chapter 11 Case To Chapter 7" (PDF). gpo.gov. Government Printing Office. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  28. ^ Healy, Beth. "Belmont businessman pressed on funds in court: Jack Cranney says FBI seized records of losses". Boston Globe. Retrieved March 31, 2015.
  29. ^ Barrett, Stephan. "Prominent Shaklee Distributor Accused of Operating Ponzi Scheme". mlmwatch.org/. The Skeptical Guide to Multilevel Marketing. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  30. ^ Healy, Beth. "Ex-Belmont businessman arrested on fraud charges". Boston Globe. Retrieved March 31, 2015.
  31. ^ Department of Justice, U.S. Attorney's Office, District of Massachusetts. "Former Belmont Resident Charged With $6 Million Investment Fraud Scheme". justice.gov. United States Department of Justice. Retrieved March 31, 2015.
  32. ^ Greenleaf, J. E.; Looft-Wilson, R.; Wisherd, J. L.; Jackson, C. G.; Fung, P. P.; Ertl, A. C.; Barnes, P. R.; Jensen, C. D.; Whittam, J. H. (April 1998). "Hypervolemia in men from fluid ingestion at rest and during exercise". Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. 69 (4): 374–386. ISSN 0095-6562. PMID 9561285.
  33. ^ American Technology Initiative, Inc (April 1994). 34. NASA Joint Sponsored Research Program Project Status Report April 94 Pg. 16 17. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  34. ^ Wong, L. G. (December 1994). "Hypervolemia in Men from Drinking Hyperhydration Fluids at Rest and During Exercise" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved December 28, 2012.
  35. ^ Whittam, PhD, James H. (April 3, 1995). "Hypervolemia from Drinking Hyperhydration Solutions at Rest and Exercise" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved December 28, 2012.
  36. ^ Fortney, PhD, Suzanne M. (January 1994). "Fluid-Loading Solutions and Plasma Volume: Astro-Ade and Salt Tablets With Water" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved December 28, 2012.
  37. ^ Wong, L. G. (December 1994). "Drink Composition and CycleErgometer Endurance in Men: Carbohydrate, Na+, Osmolality" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved December 28, 2012.
  38. ^ "Shaklee Milestones". Shaklee, Inc. Retrieved December 28, 2012.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shaklee&oldid=1292571807"