Boletus: Difference between revisions
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|1={{clade |
|1={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Boletus barrowsii|B. barrowsii Thiers & A.H.Sm. 1976]]'' |
|1=''[[Boletus barrowsii|B. barrowsii Thiers & A.H.Sm. 1976]]'' |
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|2=''[[Boletus viscidiceps|B. viscidiceps B.Feng, Y.Y.Cui, J.P.Xu & Zhu L.Yang 2015]]'' |
|2=''[[Boletus viscidiceps|B. viscidiceps B.Feng, Y.Y.Cui, J.P.Xu & Zhu L.Yang 2015]]'' |
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}} |
}} |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Boletus aereus|B. aereus Bull. 1789]]'' |
|1=''[[Boletus aereus|B. aereus Bull. 1789]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Boletus bainiugan|B. bainiugan Dentinger 2013]]'' |
|1=''[[Boletus bainiugan|B. bainiugan Dentinger 2013]]'' |
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|2=''[[Boletus meiweiniuganjun|B. meiweiniuganjun Dentinger 2013]]'' |
|2=''[[Boletus meiweiniuganjun|B. meiweiniuganjun Dentinger 2013]]'' |
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|3=''[[Boletus reticulatus|B. reticulatus Schaeff. 1774]]'' |
|3=''[[Boletus reticulatus|B. reticulatus Schaeff. 1774]]'' |
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}} |
}} |
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}} |
}} |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Boletus shiyong|B. shiyong Dentinger 2013]]'' |
|1=''[[Boletus shiyong|B. shiyong Dentinger 2013]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Boletus nobilissimus|B. nobilissimus Both & R.Riedel 2000]]'' |
|1=''[[Boletus nobilissimus|B. nobilissimus Both & R.Riedel 2000]]'' |
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|2=''[[Boletus quercophilus|B. quercophilus Halling & G.M.Muell. 1999]]'' |
|2=''[[Boletus quercophilus|B. quercophilus Halling & G.M.Muell. 1999]]'' |
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}} |
}} |
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}} |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Boletus umbrinipileus|B. umbrinipileus B.Feng, Y.Y.Cui, J.P.Xu & Zhu L.Yang 2015]]'' |
|1=''[[Boletus umbrinipileus|B. umbrinipileus B.Feng, Y.Y.Cui, J.P.Xu & Zhu L.Yang 2015]]'' |
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|2=''[[Boletus monilifer|B. monilifer B.Feng, Y.Y.Cui, J.P.Xu & Zhu L.Yang 2015]]'' |
|2=''[[Boletus monilifer|B. monilifer B.Feng, Y.Y.Cui, J.P.Xu & Zhu L.Yang 2015]]'' |
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|3=''[[Boletus botryoides|B. botryoides B.Feng, Y.Y.Cui, J.P.Xu & Zhu L.Yang 2015]]'' |
|3=''[[Boletus botryoides|B. botryoides B.Feng, Y.Y.Cui, J.P.Xu & Zhu L.Yang 2015]]'' |
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}} |
}} |
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|1={{clade |
|1={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Boletus variipes|B. variipes Peck 1888]]'' |
|1=''[[Boletus variipes|B. variipes Peck 1888]]'' |
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|2=''[[Boletus hiratsukae|B. hiratsukae Nagas. 1994]]'' |
|2=''[[Boletus hiratsukae|B. hiratsukae Nagas. 1994]]'' |
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}} |
}} |
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|2=''[[Boletus variipes|B. variipes Peck 1888]]'' |
|2=''[[Boletus variipes|B. variipes Peck 1888]]'' |
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}} |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Boletus fagacicola|B. fagacicola B.Feng, Y.Y.Cui, J.P.Xu & Zhu L.Yang 2015]]'' |
|1=''[[Boletus fagacicola|B. fagacicola B.Feng, Y.Y.Cui, J.P.Xu & Zhu L.Yang 2015]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Boletus sinoedulis|B. sinoedulis B.Feng, Y.Y.Cui, J.P.Xu & Zhu L.Yang 2015]]'' |
|1=''[[Boletus sinoedulis|B. sinoedulis B.Feng, Y.Y.Cui, J.P.Xu & Zhu L.Yang 2015]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Boletus reticuloceps|B. reticuloceps (M.Zang, M.S.Yuan & M.Q.Gong 1993) Q.B.Wang & Y.J.Yao 2005]]'' |
|1=''[[Boletus reticuloceps|B. reticuloceps (M.Zang, M.S.Yuan & M.Q.Gong 1993) Q.B.Wang & Y.J.Yao 2005]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Boletus edulis|B. edulis Bull. 1782]]'' |
|1=''[[Boletus edulis|B. edulis Bull. 1782]]'' |
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|2=''[[Boletus rubriceps|B. rubriceps D.Arora & J.L.Frank 2014]]'' |
|2=''[[Boletus rubriceps|B. rubriceps D.Arora & J.L.Frank 2014]]'' |
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}} |
}} |
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|3={{clade |
|3={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Boletus rex-veris|B. rex-veris D.Arora & Simonini 2008]]'' |
|1=''[[Boletus rex-veris|B. rex-veris D.Arora & Simonini 2008]]'' |
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|2=''[[Boletus fibrillosus|B. fibrillosus Thiers 1975]]'' |
|2=''[[Boletus fibrillosus|B. fibrillosus Thiers 1975]]'' |
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}} |
}} |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Boletus pinophilus|B. pinophilus Pilát & Dermek 1973]]'' |
|1=''[[Boletus pinophilus|B. pinophilus Pilát & Dermek 1973]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Boletus subalpinus|B. subalpinus (Trappe & Thiers 1969) Nuhn, Manfr.Binder, A.F.S.Taylor, Halling & Hibbett 2013]]'' |
|1=''[[Boletus subalpinus|B. subalpinus (Trappe & Thiers 1969) Nuhn, Manfr.Binder, A.F.S.Taylor, Halling & Hibbett 2013]]'' |
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|2=''[[Boletus regineus|B. regineus D.Arora & Simonini 2008]]'' |
|2=''[[Boletus regineus|B. regineus D.Arora & Simonini 2008]]'' |
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}} |
}} |
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|3=''[[Boletus subcaerulescens|B. subcaerulescens (E.A.Dick & Snell 1965) Both, Bessette & A.R.Bessette 2000]]'' |
|3=''[[Boletus subcaerulescens|B. subcaerulescens (E.A.Dick & Snell 1965) Both, Bessette & A.R.Bessette 2000]]'' |
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}} |
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}} |
}} |
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|2=[[Boletus austroedulis|''B. austroedulis'' Halling & N.A.Fechner 2014]]<br/> |
|2=[[Boletus austroedulis|''B. austroedulis'' Halling & N.A.Fechner 2014]]<br/> |
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} |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
|1={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
|1={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
|1={{clade |
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{clade |
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|1={{clade |
|1={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Boletus tylopilopsis|B. tylopilopsis B.Feng, Y.Y.Cui, J.P.Xu & Zhu L.Yang 2015]]'' |
|1=''[[Boletus tylopilopsis|B. tylopilopsis B.Feng, Y.Y.Cui, J.P.Xu & Zhu L.Yang 2015]]'' |
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|2=''[[Boletus nobilis|B. nobilis Peck 1905]]'' |
|2=''[[Boletus nobilis|B. nobilis Peck 1905]]'' |
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}} |
}} |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Boletus violaceofuscus|B. violaceofuscus W.F.Chiu 1948]]'' |
|1=''[[Boletus violaceofuscus|B. violaceofuscus W.F.Chiu 1948]]'' |
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|2=''[[Boletus separans|B. separans =Xanthoconium separans (Peck 1873) Halling & Both 1998]]'' |
|2=''[[Boletus separans|B. separans =Xanthoconium separans (Peck 1873) Halling & Both 1998]]'' |
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}} |
}} |
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}} |
}} |
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|2=''[[Boletus subviolaceofuscus|B. subviolaceofuscus B.Feng, Y.Y.Cui, J.P.Xu & Zhu L.Yang 2015]]''<br/> |
|2=''[[Boletus subviolaceofuscus|B. subviolaceofuscus B.Feng, Y.Y.Cui, J.P.Xu & Zhu L.Yang 2015]]''<br/> |
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}} |
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|2=''[[Boletus semigastroideus|B. semigastroideus Nuhn, Manfr.Binder, A.F.S.Taylor, Halling & Hibbett 2013]]'' |
|2=''[[Boletus semigastroideus|B. semigastroideus Nuhn, Manfr.Binder, A.F.S.Taylor, Halling & Hibbett 2013]]'' |
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}} |
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}} |
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2=''[[Boletus albobrunnescens|B. albobrunnescens Desjardin, Dentinger & D.Arora 2014]]'' |
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}} |
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}} |
}} |
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| ⚫ | |2=''[[Boletus pallidus|B. pallidus= Imleria pallida (Frost 1873) A.Farid, A.R.Franck & J.Bolin 2020 ]]''<br/>ource:<ref>{{cite jo |doi=10.1007/s13225-015-0336-7 |author=Gang Wu|display-authors=etal |date=2015 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277915856le=Porcini mushrooms (Boletus sect. Boletus) from China |journal=Fungal Diversity |volume=81 |issue=1 |pages= 189–212|s2cid=12866685 |accessdate=2021-09-28}}</ref> |
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}} |
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|2=''[[Boletus pallidus|B. pallidus= Imleria pallida (Frost 1873) A.Farid, A.R.Franck & J.Bolin 2020 ]]''<br/> |
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}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
==Edibility== |
==Edibility== |
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Revision as of 16:19, 17 April 2025
| Boletus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Boletus edulis | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Boletales |
| Family: | Boletaceae |
| Genus: | Boletus L. (1753) |
| Type species | |
| Boletus edulis Bull. (1782)
| |
| Diversity | |
| over 100 species | |
| Synonyms[1][2] | |
Boletus | |
|---|---|
 | Pores on hymenium |
 | Cap is convex or flat |
 | Hymenium is adnate |
 | Stipe is bare |
 | Ecology is mycorrhizal |
Boletus is a genus of mushroom-producing fungi, comprising over 100 species. The genus Boletus was originally broadly defined and described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, essentially containing all fungi with hymenial pores instead of gills. Since then, other genera have been defined gradually, such as Tylopilus by Petter Adolf Karsten in 1881, and old names such as Leccinum have been resurrected or redefined. Some mushrooms listed in older books as members of the genus have now been placed in separate genera. These include such as Boletus scaber, now Leccinum scabrum, Tylopilus felleus, Chalciporus piperatus and Suillus luteus. Most boletes have been found to be ectomycorrhizal fungi, which means that they form a mutualistic relationship with the roots system of certain kinds of plants.[3] More recently, Boletus has been found to be massively polyphyletic, with only a small percentage of the over 300 species that have been assigned to Boletus actually belonging there and necessitating the description and resurrection of many more genera.[2][4][5][6]
The name is derived from the Latin term bōlētus 'mushroom' from the Ancient Greek βωλίτης, Template:Transl,[7] ultimately from βῶλος, Template:Transl 'lump' or 'clod'.[8] However, the βωλίτης of Galen is thought to have been the much prized Amanita caesarea.[9]
Phylogenetic tree of Boletus
{{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=
|2=B. austroedulis Halling & N.A.Fechner 2014
}
|2=
|2=B. pallidus= Imleria pallida (Frost 1873) A.Farid, A.R.Franck & J.Bolin 2020
ource:[10]
Edibility
The genus Boletus contains many members which are edible, such as Boletus edulis, Boletus aereus and Boletus barrowsii.
Boletes with red pores may be toxic.[11]
See also
- Bolete eater, a fungal parasite of various Boletus species
- List of Boletus species
References
- ^ "Boletus L." Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2014-02-04.
- ^ a b Nuhn ME, Binder M, Taylor AF, Halling RE, Hibbett DS (2013). "Phylogenetic overview of the Boletineae". Fungal Biology. 117 (7–8): 479–511. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2013.04.008. PMID 23931115.
- ^ "Boletus edulis, Cep, Penny Bun Bolete mushroom". www.first-nature.com. Retrieved 2020-05-18.
- ^ Binder M, Hibbett DS (2006). "Molecular systematics and biological diversification of Boletales". Mycologia. 98 (6): 971–81. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.971. PMID 17486973.
- ^ Dentinger B, Ammirati J, Both EE, Desjardin D, Halling RE, Henkey TW, Moreau PA, Nagasawaa E, Soytong K, Taylor A, Watling R, Moncalvo J, McLaughlin D (2010). "Molecular phylogenetics of porcini mushrooms (Boletus section Boletus)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 57 (3): 1276–92. Bibcode:2010MolPE..57.1276D. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.10.004. PMID 20970511.
- ^ Wu, Gang; Feng, Bang; Xu, Jianping; Zhu, Xue-Tai; Li, Yan-Chun; Zeng, Nian-Kai; Hosen, Md. Iqbal; Yang, Zhu L. (2014). "Molecular phylogenetic analyses redefine seven major clades and reveal 22 new generic clades in the fungal family Boletaceae". Fungal Diversity. 69 (1): 93–115. doi:10.1007/s13225-014-0283-8. S2CID 15652037.
- ^ Simpson, D.P. (1979). Cassell's Latin Dictionary (5 ed.). London: Cassell Ltd. p. 883. ISBN 0-304-52257-0.
- ^ Liddell, Henry George and Robert Scott (1980). A Greek-English Lexicon (Abridged ed.). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-910207-4.
- ^ Ramsbottom J (1953). Mushrooms & Toadstools. Collins. p. 6. ISBN 1-870630-09-2.
{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) - ^ Template:Cite jo
- ^ Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861.
