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== Origins ==
== Origins ==
The description of ''tradwife'' emerged to describe creators like [[Nara Smith]] and [[Hannah Neeleman]] (of [[Ballerina Farm]]). Though the idea of a traditional wife has been present throughout history, the aspect of performing "tradwife" for social media is an advent of the 2020s. The idea of the tradwife is partially born out of the number of women who felt unseen by the [[Fourth-wave feminism|fourth wave of feminism]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |last=Moskin |first=Julia |date=2024-12-03 |title=Tycoon or Tradwife? The Woman Behind Ballerina Farm Makes Her Own Path. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/03/dining/ballerina-farm-hannah-neeleman.html |access-date=2025-05-08 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Increasingly, working mothers may feel sympathetic to the notion of embracing domesticity, given how hectic and overwhelming daily life can be for them<ref name=":9" />. One of the pioneers of the idea of tradwife, Alena Kate Pettitt, wrote two books (with no intention of making money through this endeavor) on the subject of being a woman in the home and not in the workforce. She rose to fame during a 2020 interview with [[BBC News]] where she expressed her desire to serve her husband. However, as Pettitt watched the growing tradwife movement, she felt that it had "become its own monster".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Elmhirst |first=Sophie |date=2024-03-29 |title=The Rise and Fall of the Trad Wife |url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/persons-of-interest/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-trad-wife |access-date=2025-05-08 |work=The New Yorker |language=en-US |issn=0028-792X}}</ref>
The description of ''tradwife'' emerged to describe creators like [[Nara Smith]] and [[Hannah Neeleman]] (of [[Ballerina Farm]]). Though the idea of a traditional wife has been present throughout history, the aspect of performing "tradwife" for social media is an advent of the 2020s. The idea of the tradwife is partially born out of the number of women who felt unseen by the [[Fourth-wave feminism|fourth wave of feminism]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |last=Moskin |first=Julia |date=2024-12-03 |title=Tycoon or Tradwife? The Woman Behind Ballerina Farm Makes Her Own Path. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/03/dining/ballerina-farm-hannah-neeleman.html |access-date=2025-05-08 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Increasingly, working mothers may feel sympathetic to the notion of embracing domesticity, given how hectic and overwhelming daily life can be for them.<ref name=":9" /. One of the pioneers of the idea of tradwife, Alena Kate Pettitt, wrote two books (with no intention of making money through this endeavor) on the subject of being a woman in the home and not in the workforce. She rose to fame during a 2020 interview with [[BBC News]] where she expressed her desire to serve her husband. However, as Pettitt watched the growing tradwife movement, she felt that it had "become its own monster".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Elmhirst |first=Sophie |date=2024-03-29 |title=The Rise and Fall of the Trad Wife |url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/persons-of-interest/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-trad-wife |access-date=2025-05-08 |work=The New Yorker |language=en-US |issn=0028-792X}}</ref>


== Tradwife aesthetic ==
== Tradwife aesthetic ==

Revision as of 00:29, 17 June 2025

A tradwife (a neologism for traditional wife or traditional housewife)[1][2][3] is a woman who believes in and practices traditional gender roles and marriages. Some may choose to take a homemaking role within their marriage,[2] and others leave their careers to focus on meeting their family's needs in the home.[2][4]

The traditional housewife aesthetic has since spread throughout the Internet in part through social media featuring women extolling the virtues of being a traditional wife.[5]

Definition

Tradwife as a term is a portmanteau of the words traditional and wife.[6] Social media influencer Estee C. Williams defined tradwives in 2022 as follows: "A tradwife (short for traditional wife) is a woman who prefers to take a traditional or ultra-traditional role in marriage, including the belief that a woman's place is in the home"[7].

In a profile of Utah mother of eight, Hannah Neeleman, Megan Agnew describes tradwives as:

an internet phenomenon; women who have rejected modern gender roles for the more traditional existence of wife, mother and homemaker — and who then promote that life online, some to millions of followers. Their lifestyle is often, though not always, bound to Christianity. They film themselves cooking mad things from scratch (chewing gum from corn syrup, waffles from a sourdough starter), their faces glowing in beams of sunlight, their voices soft and breathy, their children free range.[8]

Jessica Grose notes that tradwives are typically conservative Christians: "These conventionally pretty influencers depict themselves cooking elaborate meals, tending to their children and doing housework. Their posts sometimes come with florid captions about the joy and freedom that come from submitting to their husbands, because biblical submission doesn't connote inferiority. They tend to dress either in 1950s cosplay or barefoot in gauzy, long dresses."[9]

The tradwife movement advocates that women should "take pleasure in traditional domestic duties while promoting feminine submissiveness, domesticity, and wifehood"; a wife's role is to "spoil" her husband, putting his needs first.[10] As a hashtag and aesthetic, #tradwife has gained a lot of traction on social media, particularly TikTok. Many creators have gone viral for posting videos of themselves performing domestic labor such as cooking, cleaning, and caring for children. The videos often involve an aesthetic that is reminiscent of a 1950s housewife. It is a performance of a social ideal where the heteropatriarchy is embodied within the lives of heterosexual married women, meaning that heterosexual men are the dominant group and women exist to serve them as wives.

Origins

The description of tradwife emerged to describe creators like Nara Smith and Hannah Neeleman (of Ballerina Farm). Though the idea of a traditional wife has been present throughout history, the aspect of performing "tradwife" for social media is an advent of the 2020s. The idea of the tradwife is partially born out of the number of women who felt unseen by the fourth wave of feminism.[11] Increasingly, working mothers may feel sympathetic to the notion of embracing domesticity, given how hectic and overwhelming daily life can be for them.[12]

Tradwife aesthetic

A Frigidaire refrigerator advertisement from The Ladies' Home Journal represents the lifestyle idealized by many tradwives

The tradwife subculture is based on advocating for traditional values, and, in particular, a 'traditional' view of wives as mothers and homemakers.[13][14]

Tradwives are diverse demographically, and may have a variety of cultural inspirations.[15] Influences on trend range from 1950s-era American culture, Christian religious values, conservative politics, choice feminism, and neopaganism.[13][16][15]

One key aspect of appearing to be a tradwife is reclaiming – or at least appearing to reclaim – some leisure time, as women, and especially mothers,[15] who earn an income often have a double burden.[17][18]

Consumer choices

The tradwife aesthetic tends to glamorize a retro aesthetic from white suburbia in the 1950s.[15] She may wear a dress, an apron, and high heels.[5]

Her house may be decorated in trendy pastel colors.[5] The tradwife aesthetic has a significant influence on home decorating.[13]

Others may prefer a back-to-nature appearance.[13]

Social media

The tradwife movement is a social media-based subculture.[19] Multiple platforms, notably TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube, are used to commodify and spread the conservative ideologies underpinning the movement.[19] Platforms such as Reddit and 4chan are also used to promote traditional heterosexual relationships.[19][20] Influencer marketing strategies, the showcasing of private lives, and contemporary social media use promote the commercialisation of traditional heteronormativity and gendered relationships.[19]

Sara Petersen describes the appeal of tradwife social media content, and its appeal for working mothers. She describes tradwife social media content: "[tradwives] are doing all things, mothering labor and domestic labor, but they're turning it up to a hundred...the appeal is that it feels simple and sort of separate from the messiness of life that most of us are experiencing...It's really beautiful content a lot of the time. There's all these rolling hills, open plains. The kitchen is rustic in this very yesteryear type of way. And I think there's something so intoxicating about the idea of devoting oneself to just one thing, or to go 'all in' on one aspect of your identity. I think that's especially salient for moms who, you know, we can't find affordable child care. We're constantly torn in two directions".[12] Tradwife content allows women managing "the second shift" to vicariously experience a modern version of the cult of domesticity through social media. Contemporary tradwives' increasing popularity is driven by clever and active use of social media and persistent positioning as online influencers. 'A day in the life' videos showcase activities such as cooking from scratch, cleaning, caring for children, packing their working husbands' lunches, advocating for gender roles wherein the man holds social and political power, and women for the most part are confined to the home as a wife and mother.[21]

According to algorithmic research conducted by Media Matters, the tradwife audience is likely also viewing conspiracy theory videos, as recommendations for conspiracy videos increase concordant with tradwife viewership.[22]

Practices

See also: Traditionalist Catholicism

Key to the tradwife identity is being a stay-at-home wife or a stay-at-home mother and the various activities involved in managing the household such as cooking, cleaning, managing laundry, and tending to vegetables.[13] "Tradwife blogs and videos are filled with serene settings outside the world of neoliberal capitalist work. Retro 1950s images of women as 'happy housewives' abound."[10] Special attention is paid to the importance of raising children.[18]

Tradwives cheerfully and painstakingly make homemade meals for their families from scratch. For example, Nara Smith has been described as "an avatar for a corner of social media that glorifies old-fashioned family structures and the wholesome, quasi-religious aesthetics of housewifery. Nara's videos are usually shot on a tiny, pristine patch of kitchen counter, where she kneads sourdough, or mixes the ingredients for homemade ketchup".[23] Smith went viral in early 2024, showing herself making elaborate sandwiches for her toddlers, including making peanut butter and raspberry jam from scratch: "Nara takes a simple request from her toddler and spins it into an ostentatious show of femininity. Her hair straightened into a pert little bob, Nara is wearing a silky black robe with feathered bell sleeves. 'I started by making some really simple sandwich bread,' she says in the whispery voiceover as she puts dough together. While the dough is rising 'for about two hours,' she begins cooking down raspberries for jam and roasting peanuts to make peanut butter."[23]

A report in America magazine, a Catholic publication, has also reported that some Catholic tradwives have adopted the practice of wearing veils at mass, a practice embraced by some Catholic women as a means of reverence and empowerment.[24]

One suggested reason for the criticism of tradwives is that they are reviled for appearing to truly live out an idealized home life in practice, when most social media users only achieve the superficial appearance, e.g., through a decision to wear a retro dress or to buy a trendy kitchen item.[5]

Finances

Some women who identify as tradwives prefer a gendered division of labor wherein their breadwinner husband manages family finances more broadly while they focus on managing food and household consumables.[25][26] A high-profile example of this is Canadian Cynthia Loewen, a former Miss Earth Canada, who abandoned plans to pursue a medical degree in order to be a full-time housewife.[27] She stated that she finds fulfillment from the arrangement of her husband as the breadwinner and her in charge of the home, and that she is "more happy as a result".[27]

However, many of the tradwife internet celebrities earn an income outside the home, in addition to running their influencer businesses on social media.[5] For example, Hannah Neeleman runs food-related businesses with her husband; they sell "subscriptions boxes of meat, ready-to-bake goods, and a coterie of lifestyle products, including tablecloths, clogs, and totes".[28] Nara Smith is a professional model.[5]

Backlash to women in the workforce

Perhaps an equal and opposite identity to the tradwife is the girlboss. Though initially a feminist idea, the advent of the term girlboss became a symbol for white feminism that does not aim to dismantle the capitalist heteropatriarchy but rather acquire capital for themselves, effectively undermining feminism. Tradwives emerged partially as a counterculture movement to the girlboss trying to advocate for women who do not want to work.[11]

Tradwife ideals advocate against wives and mothers working. However, this ideal fails to address the work and labor that is involved in the home and in raising children. People that make the choice to stay at home rather than participate in the workforce make a significant contribution to the functioning of society and remain unpaid for this labor. Domestic labor includes cleaning, cooking, laundry, childcare, household, maintenance, and significant emotion work. Tradwives' social media performances rarely display the enormous, tedious and difficult labor that goes into being a stay-at-home parent or homemaker. The nature of social media creates an environment where the content that is circulated is an idealized and carefully curated image that does not portray the effort and labor that goes into the work being done as well as the work of creating content itself.[4]

Tradwife ideals hold that wives should be financially dependent on their breadwinner husbands. There is a certain element of deception to this claim because high-profile tradwives may generate financial gain through creating social media content. Furthermore historically, and currently, tradwife is an ideal that can only be accomplished through a certain amount of wealth. The financial resources required to support a family, particularly to the aesthetic standards that the tradwives display, is significant. However, many of the tradwives who portray life as a homemaker generate wealth without discussing their earnings.[11]

Many influencers have monetized their life of performing the tradwife through brand deals and partnerships, merchandise, and promoting products for which they receive a commission.[20] Nara Smith and Hannah Neeleman have jobs yet they perform as tradwives. Hannah Neeleman, who has been referred to as "Queen of the Tradwives"[8] rejects the girlboss ideology. However, Neeleman is co-CEO of Ballerina Farm, the company she and her husband share. Their work, as well as other influencers' content, includes real labor of making videos and marketing themselves, however they spark controversy by perpetuating a narrative that discredits and conceals their influencer careers.[28] Furthermore these influencers having their own sources of income cannot be compared to 1950s housewives, or middle-class women during the Cult of Domesticity, who could not easily access financial resources without the help of their husbands (or fathers, if they were unmarried).

Demographics

Racial balance

While most high-profile tradwives are white, Nara Smith – known for elaborate cooking from scratch – was born in South Africa to a Mosotho mother and a German father. Smith currently lives in Texas. A growing number of Black women are embracing the concept of traditional marriage, not explicitly using the tradwife neologism, but instead framing their identity within a "submissive" or "Biblical" marriage. These Black women argue that traditional marriage is the "key to liberation from being overworked, economic insecurity, and the stress of trying to survive in a world hostile to our survival and existence".[29] This perspective has been criticized as lacking awareness of broader structural and social issues in American-style capitalism.[29]

Political orientation

Tradwives have been linked to the alt-right movement.[30] Other researchers have identified a wide range of political views among tradwives which, while primarily conservative, range from the moderate to the extreme.[16]

Despite the link to extreme right-wing ideologies, not all tradwives endorse extreme ideas and ideology is not an integral part of the subculture.[13] Prominent British tradwife influencer Alena Pettitt posted on social media in 2020 that she was "dumbfounded" by the media's "smear campaign" against tradwives, arguing they were all being unfairly linked to extremism.[13] Some commenters have noted that people should avoid "denouncing all tradwives as far-right extremists, holding them accountable for views they may not hold and demonising what is, for many women, an extremely personal choice".[13]

Seyward Darby discussed the tradwife aesthetic in her 2020 book, Sisters in Hate: American Women and White Extremism, and shared interviews with women who call themselves traditional.[31] She found that some women in the movement espoused tenets of the American political far right, including white supremacy, antisemitism, populism, and other ultraconservative beliefs.[31]

Alt and far right

The tradwife inherently promotes alt- and far-right ideals through the promotion of traditional values that are closely connected to ideals of white supremacy.[32] The recent trends (as of 2023) of "clean girl aesthetic" and "old money aesthetic" are indicative of a shift towards ideas of white supremacy.[33] Not only are the ideas of "old money" and generational wealth in the US intrinsically linked to whiteness due to historical and systemic racism; the methods of performing "clean girl" and "old money" aesthetic involve trends associated with whiteness such as the literal color white, straight hair, short nails, and overall plainness. These performances additionally require a degree of wealth in order to achieve the desired aesthetic, certain products have been deemed necessary (by TikTok and influencers) to reach "clean girl" or "old money" aesthetic status. Aside from the tradwife trend, these other TikTok trends circulating indicate an emphasis on wealth and whiteness being valued in society, and subsequently leading to the outcome of the 2024 election.[citation needed]

Though many tradwife influencers do not directly address politics or outright endorse politicians, they have contributed towards an alt- and far-right shift by virtue of being apolitical. Many far-right tradwife influencers either do not outwardly speak of politics or state that once they get married and start their family they will stop speaking about politics. Though this seems apolitical, it functions as a tactic to perpetuate the right's ideologies of traditionalism, white supremacy, and misogyny.[20] By virtue of being influencers, defined as "a person who is able to generate interest in something (such as a consumer product) by posting about it on social media",[34] tradwives and other people on social media influence people into following their lead whether that be purchasing a specific product or mimicking their entire lifestyle. Though many tradwives insist that they have no political agenda or that they have nothing to do with the alt and far right, their impact says otherwise. As stated by British journalist Hadley Freeman, "It is especially popular among white supremacists, who are extremely down with the message that white women should submit to their husband and focus on making as many white babies as possible".[35]

Relationship with feminism

The tradwife culture has a complicated relationship with feminism, being at times criticized or supported by feminists. Some who follow the tradwife aesthetic suggest that it is a rejection of feminism in favor of a return to simpler times and family systems.[2]

Critics often stipulate that tradwives embody what has been described as "toxic femininity", or internalized sexism.[30][10][36][37]

See also

References

  1. ^ Malvern, Jack (January 25, 2020). "'Tradwife' is there to serve". The Times. Archived from the original on March 13, 2022. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d Rob Brown (January 17, 2020). "'Submitting to my husband like it's 1959': Why I became a #TradWife". BBC News. Archived from the original on January 17, 2020. Retrieved January 17, 2020. ... growing movement of women who promote ultra-traditional gender roles ... images of cooked dinners and freshly-baked cakes with captions ... A woman's place is in the home ... Trying to be a man is a waste of a woman ... particularly controversial because of its associations with the far right....
  3. ^ Norris, Sian (May 31, 2023). "Frilly dresses and white supremacy: welcome to the weird, frightening world of 'trad wives'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on May 31, 2023. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
  4. ^ a b Leidig, Eviane (September 19, 2023). The Women of the Far Right: Social Media Influencers and Online Radicalization. Columbia University Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-231-55830-3.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Wang, Amy X. (August 20, 2024). "Who's Afraid of the Big, Bad Tradwife?". The New York Times. Why women who dress up as 1950s homemakers are driving the internet insane.
  6. ^ Sykes, Sophia; Hopner, Veronica (August 1, 2024). "Tradwives: Right-Wing Social Media Influencers". Journal of Contemporary Ethnography. 53 (4): 453–487. doi:10.1177/08912416241246273. ISSN 0891-2416.
  7. ^ Williams, Estee C. (September 8, 2022). "What it means to be a Tradwife". TikTok. Retrieved June 4, 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ^ a b Agnew, Megan (July 20, 2024). "Meet the queen of the 'trad wives' (and her eight children)". The Sunday Times. Retrieved June 4, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ^ Grose, Jessica (May 15, 2024). "Tradwife Content Isn't Really for Women. It's for Men Who Want Submissive Wives". The New York Times. Retrieved June 4, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. ^ a b c Rottenberg, Catherine; Orgad, Shani (February 7, 2020). "Tradwives: the women looking for a simpler past but grounded in the neoliberal present". The Conversation. The Conversation Trust (UK) Ltd. Archived from the original on June 2, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  11. ^ a b c Moskin, Julia (December 3, 2024). "Tycoon or Tradwife? The Woman Behind Ballerina Farm Makes Her Own Path". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 8, 2025.
  12. ^ a b Elmhirst, Sophie (March 29, 2024). "The Rise and Fall of the Trad Wife". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved May 8, 2025. Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h "'A soft face for saying extreme things': The dangerous elements in the tradwife subculture". ABC News. August 21, 2021. Archived from the original on August 30, 2023. Retrieved August 30, 2023.
  14. ^ "Trend tradwife: 10 rzeczy, które warto wiedzieć". PrzyKawusi (in Polish). Poland: PrzyKawusi. August 14, 2024. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
  15. ^ a b c d Hu, Zoe (January 2023). "The Agoraphobic Fantasy of Tradlife". Dissent. 70 (1): 54–59. doi:10.1353/dss.2023.0030. ISSN 1946-0910.
  16. ^ a b Sykes, Sophia (July 7, 2023). "Tradwives: The Housewives Commodifying Right-Wing Ideology". GNET. Archived from the original on August 20, 2023. Retrieved August 30, 2023.
  17. ^ Hesse, Monica (April 10, 2024). "Tradwives, stay-at-home girlfriends and 'a thing called ease'". The Washington Post.
  18. ^ a b Squires, Wendy (February 21, 2020). "Is it any wonder the 'tradwife' lifestyle is so alluring?". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on August 30, 2023. Retrieved August 30, 2023.
  19. ^ a b c d Sykes, Sophia; Hopner, Veronica (April 18, 2024). "Tradwives: Right-Wing Social Media Influencers". Journal of Contemporary Ethnography. 53 (4): 453–487. doi:10.1177/08912416241246273. ISSN 0891-2416.
  20. ^ a b c Leidig, Eviane (September 19, 2023). The Women of the Far Right: Social Media Influencers and Online Radicalization. Columbia University Press. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-231-55830-3.
  21. ^ Proctor, Devin (2022). "The #tradwife persona and the rise of radicalized white domesticity". Persona Studies. 8 (2): 7–26. doi:10.21153/psj2022vol8no2art1645 – via informit.
  22. ^ Grose, Jessica (May 15, 2024). "'Tradwife' Content Isn't Really for Women. It's for Men Who Want Submissive Wives". The New York Times.
  23. ^ a b Battan, Carrie (August 7, 2024). "How Lucky Blue and Nara Aziza Smith Made Viral Internet Fame From Scratch". GQ. Retrieved June 4, 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  24. ^ Simcha Fisher (December 3, 2019). "The types of women who veil at Mass". America magazine. Archived from the original on December 30, 2019. Retrieved January 17, 2020. ...Then came the tradwives, who veil with a vengeance. These young Catholic women are highly active on social media, and they gleefully tout their physical beauty as a poke in the eye of feminism. ... a woman's job to please her man with a fit body, on point makeup and lustrous hair that gleams as brightly as the lacy veil that covers it....
  25. ^ AMY HUNT (January 24, 2020). "What is a 'tradwife' – and why is the idea proving so controversial? You may have heard of the terms housewife, stay-at-home mum, or the like. But why are 'tradwives' getting everyone talking?". Woman and Home magazine. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 13, 2022. ...A 'tradwife' (short for traditional wife) is a 21st century woman who has decided to embrace super traditional, conventional gender roles, by 'submitting' to their husband and not working, staying at home to do the typical household chores, and care for the children.... considering it actually has origins in far-right circles, predominantly in the US....
  26. ^ "'Tradwife' woman claims wives should submit to their husband and spend days cooking and cleaning: A mum has revealed that she left her high flying job to join the 'Tradwife' movement". Heart 96-107. January 22, 2020. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 13, 2022. ...She added that she felt alienated growing up in the 90s, where attitudes to male and female roles were becoming more liberal, saying: "The culture at the time was anything but what I enjoyed and it definitely made me feel like an outsider. "It was all kind of, let's fight the boys and go out and be independent and break glass ceilings. But I just felt like I was born to be a mother and a wife. "What I really related to where the old shows of the 1950s and 60s."...
  27. ^ a b Cliff, Martha (June 9, 2021). "Canadian woman quits medical career to become a 'Tradwife': This Canadian woman spends all day at home cleaning and lets her husband 'lead' – insisting she is more happy as a result". news.com.au. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 13, 2022. ....A woman who trained to be a doctor has revealed why she chucked it all in to become a homemaker. Former Miss Canada, Cynthia Loewen, had been set for a high-flying career in medicine but just a few years ago she decided to leave it all behind....
  28. ^ a b Weiss, Geoff (January 17, 2024). "What is the 'Ballerina Farm controversy?' Some viewers feel an influencer's rustic homesteading videos don't add up with her family's stratospheric wealth". Business Insider. Retrieved June 4, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  29. ^ a b Burton, Nylah. "Black "Tradwives" Think Marriage Is The Key To Liberation & Economic Survival". www.refinery29.com. Archived from the original on December 20, 2023. Retrieved October 11, 2023.
  30. ^ a b Freeman, Hadley (January 20, 2020). "'Tradwives': the new trend for submissive women has a dark heart and history: A certain kind of housewife has found social media and is airing the details of their fight with feminism. But maybe they should tone it down a notch". The Guardian. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 13, 2022. ...But this isn't actually about fighting the system: this is about women fighting against their own insecurities about their lives. ... it is very much part of the "alt-right" movement.
  31. ^ a b Darby, Seyward (2020). Sisters in hate : American women and white extremism (First ed.). New York: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-316-48778-8. OCLC 1238089281. Archived from the original on May 29, 2024. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  32. ^ Bower, Laura Jane (November 3, 2024). "The thorn in feminism's side: black feminist reconceptualization and defence of #tradwives and the #tradwife movement". Journal of Gender Studies: 1–17. doi:10.1080/09589236.2024.2423198. ISSN 0958-9236.
  33. ^ Gaylor, Averyl (July 5, 2023). "New 'clean girl' and 'old money' aesthetics on TikTok make the same old link between hygiene and class". The Conversation. Retrieved June 4, 2025.
  34. ^ "Definition of INFLUENCER". www.merriam-webster.com. April 28, 2025. Retrieved May 9, 2025.
  35. ^ Freeman, Hadley (January 27, 2020). "'Tradwives': the new trend for submissive women has a dark heart and history". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved May 9, 2025.
  36. ^ ABC News, Bridget Judd, February 23, 2020, Tradwives have been labelled 'subservient', but these women reject suggestions they're oppressed Archived September 2, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, retrieved October 2, 2020, "...Others have likened it to an extension of white nationalism, propagating the belief that women should focus on their "natural" duties of childbearing and housekeeping..."
  37. ^ Jones, Sarah, October 28, 2020, New York Magazine, Trump's Base Isn't Housewives, It's Tradwives Archived January 3, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved January 2, 2022, "...The tradwife is going to stick with Trump and the Republican Party. ..."

Further reading

Look up tradwife in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
  • Media related to Tradwife at Wikimedia Commons
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tradwife&oldid=1295970322"