Tricharia
| Tricharia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Tricharia santessonii | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Graphidales |
| Family: | Gomphillaceae |
| Genus: | Tricharia Fée (1825)[1] |
| Type species | |
| Tricharia melanothrix Fée (1825)
| |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Tricharia is a genus of lichens in the family Gomphillaceae. It has an estimated 30 species.[3]
Taxonomy
[edit]Recent molecular studies have shown that the long, carbon-black bristles (sterile setae) that once united many species under Tricharia evolved several times independently within the family. A two-gene phylogeny published in 2024 confirmed that the type lineage of Tricharia (species with pale, thin-walled apothecial rims) forms a well-supported clade distinct from three other "black-setae" groups that had been bundled together on the basis of bristle morphology. In particular, the Costa Rican species Tricharia paradoxa—long treated as an odd member of the genus—was transferred to the monospecific genus Paratricharia and shown to be sister to Caleniopsis in the early-diverging Aulaxina clade, far removed from Tricharia in the strict sense. The same analysis placed the remaining black-setae taxa in the separate genera Microxyphiomyces and Santricharia, confirming that bristles alone are a poor guide to deep relationships, whereas apothecial structure carries stronger phylogenetic signal.[4]
A world-wide phylogeny released in 2025, which sampled more than 500 representatives of the Gomphillaceae, corroborated this arrangement and predicted that Tricharia in the strict sense may harbour additional cryptic species yet to be recognised. That study divided the family into at least five major lineages—each dominated by leaf-dwelling taxa—and estimated that the true diversity of Tricharia could exceed the roughly 30 currently accepted species once unsequenced material from Africa and South-East Asia is examined.[5]
Species
[edit]- Tricharia atrocarpa Lücking & Sipman (2005)[6]
- Tricharia aulaxiniformis Lücking & Kalb (2000)[7] – Brazil
- Tricharia cretea (Cooke) Boud. (1907)
- Tricharia duotela W.B.Sanders & Lücking (2015)[8] – Florida
- Tricharia elegans Sérus. (1984)[9] – New Guinea
- Tricharia floridensis Lücking & W.R.Buck (2007)[10]
- Tricharia gilva (Boud. ex Cooke) Boud. (1904)
- Tricharia helminthospora R.Sant. (1952)
- Tricharia hyalina Kalb & Vězda (1988)
- Tricharia kashiwadanii G.Thor, Lücking & Tat.Matsumoto (2000)[11] – Japan
- Tricharia lancicarpa Kalb & Vězda (1988)
- Tricharia livida (Schumach.) Boud. (1907)
- Tricharia longispora Kalb & Vězda (1988)
- Tricharia membranula (Müll.Arg.) Lücking (1995)
- Tricharia nigriuncinata Yeshitela, Eb.Fisch., Killmann & Sérus. (2011)[12] – East Africa
- Tricharia novoguineensis Sérus. (1984)[9] – New Guinea
- Tricharia oaxacae Herrera-Camp. & Lücking (2003)[13] – Mexico
- Tricharia pallida Vězda (1979)[14]
- Tricharia paraguayensis (L.I.Ferraro & Lücking) Lücking (2008)
- Tricharia praecox (P.Karst.) Boud. (1904)
- Tricharia pseudosantessonii Lücking (1997)[15] – Costa Rica
- Tricharia santessoniana Kalb & Vězda (1988)
- Tricharia santessonii D.Hawksw. (1972)
- Tricharia similis Vězda (1979)[14] – Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Tricharia sipmanii Lücking (2008) – Colombia
- Tricharia sublancicarpa Herrera-Camp. & Lücking (2002)[16] – Mexico
- Tricharia subumbrosa Lücking & W.R.Buck (2007)[10] – British Columbia, Canada
- Tricharia tuckerae Lücking & W.R.Buck (2007)[10] – Louisiana, USA
- Tricharia urceolata (Müll.Arg.) R.Sant. (1952)
- Tricharia vainioi R.Sant. (1952)[17]
- Tricharia variratae Lücking & Sipman (2005)[6] – Papua New Guinea
References
[edit]- ^ Fée, A.L.A. (1824). Essai sur les cryptogames des écorces exotiques officinales (in French). pp. 1–180.
- ^ "Synonymy: Tricharia Fée, Essai Crypt. Exot. (Paris): lxxxvii (1825) [1824]". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
- ^ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin D.; Al-Ani, LKT; Dolatabadi, S; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:10481/61998.
- ^ Lücking, Robert; Chaves-Chaves, José Luis; Moncada, Bibiana (2024). "Apothecia trump setae: Paratricharia belongs in the Aulaxina clade and is distant from Tricharia (lichenized Ascomycota: Gomphillaceae)". The Lichenologist. 56 (6): 371–377. doi:10.1017/S0024282924000380.
- ^ Lebreton, Elise; Ertz, Damien; Lücking, Robert; Aptroot, Andre; Carriconde, Fabian; Ah-Peng, Claudine; Huang, Jen-Pan; Chen, Ko-Hsuan; Stenger, Pierre-Louis; Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia da Silva; van den Boom, Pieter; Sérusiaux, Emmanuël; Magain, Nicolas (2025). "Global phylogeny of the family Gomphillaceae (Ascomycota, Graphidales) sheds light on the origin, diversification and endemism in foliicolous lineages". IMA Fungus. 16: e144194. doi:10.3897/imafungus.16.144194. PMC 11882023. PMID 40052070.
- ^ a b Lücking, Robert; Sérusiaux, Emmanuël; Vězda, Antonín (2005). "Phylogeny and systematics of the lichen family Gomphillaceae (Ostropales) inferred from cladistic analysis of phenotype data". The Lichenologist. 37 (2): 123–170. doi:10.1017/s0024282905014660.
- ^ Lücking, R.; Kalb, K. (2000). "Foliikole Flechten aus Brasilien (vornehmlich Amazonien), inklusive einer Checkliste und Bemerkungen zu Coenogonium und Dimerella (Gyalectaceae)". Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie (in German). 122 (1): 50.
- ^ Sanders, William B.; Lücking, Robert (2015). "Three new species of foliicolous Gomphillaceae (lichen-forming ascomycetes) from southern Florida". The Bryologist. 118 (2): 170–177. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-118.2.170.
- ^ a b Sérusiaux, E. (1984). "Three new species of Tricharia (Lichenes, Asterothyriaceae) from New Guinea". Mycologia. 76 (1): 108–114. doi:10.1080/00275514.1984.12023814. JSTOR 3792841.
- ^ a b c Lücking, Robert; Buck, William R.; Plata, Eimy Rivas (2007). "The lichen family Gomphillaceae (Ostropales) in eastern North America, with notes on hyphophore development in Gomphillus and Gyalideopsis". The Bryologist. 110 (4): 622–672. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2007)110[622:TLFGOI]2.0.CO;2.
- ^ Thor, G.; Lücking, R.; Matsumoto, T. (2000). "The foliicolous lichen flora of Japan". Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses. 32 (3): 1–72.
- ^ Lumbsch, H.T.; Ahti, T.; Altermann, S.; De Paz, G.A.; Aptroot, A.; Arup, U.; et al. (2011). "One hundred new species of lichenized fungi: a signature of undiscovered global diversity" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 18 (1): 109–110. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.18.1.1.
- ^ Herrera-Campos, María De Los Angeles; Lücking, Robert (2003). "The foliicolous lichen flora of Mexico II. New species from the montane forest in Oaxaca and Puebla". The Bryologist. 106 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2003)106[0001:TFLFOM]2.0.CO;2.
- ^ a b Vězda, A. (1979). "Flechtensystematische Studien XI. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Familie Asterothyriaceae (Discolichenes)". Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica (in German). 14 (1): 43–94. doi:10.1007/BF02856321.
- ^ Lücking, R. (1997). "Additions and corrections to the knowledge of the foliicolous lichen flora of Costa Rica". The family Gomphillaceae. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. Vol. 65. p. 87.
- ^ Herrera-Campos, M.A.; Lücking, R. (2002). "The Foliicolous Lichen Flora of Mexico. I. New Species from Los Tuxtlas Tropical Biology Station, Veracruz". The Lichenologist. 34 (3): 211–222. Bibcode:2002ThLic..34..211H. doi:10.1006/lich.2002.0397.
- ^ Santesson, R. (1952). Foliicolous lichens. I. A revision of the taxonomy of the obligately foliicolous, lichenized fungi. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses. Vol. 12. p. 382.