UNESCO
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| Formation | 16 Ngwanatsele 1945 |
|---|---|
| Type | United Nations specialized agency |
| Headquarters | Paris, France |
Director-General | Audrey Azoulay |
Deputy Director-General | Xing Qu |
Parent organisation | United Nations Economic and Social Council |
Mokgatlho wa Ditšhabakopano wa Thuto, Saense le Setso (UNESCO /juːˈnɛskoʊ/)[1] ke setheo se se kgethegileng sa Ditšhabakopano (UN) ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa kagiso le tshireletsego ya lefatshe ka tirisanommogo ya boditšhabatšhaba mo thutong, botsweretshi, saense le setso.[2][3]E na le dinaga di le 194 tse e leng maloko le maloko a le 12 a a dirisanang le yone,[4] mmogo le balekane mo makaleng a e seng a puso, a dipuso le a poraefete.Ntlokgolo ya UNESCO e kwa Paris, Fora, e na le diofisi tsa kgaolo di le 53 le dikhomišene tsa bosetšhaba di le 199.
UNESCO e tlhomilwe ka 1945 jaaka motlhatlhami wa Komiti ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Tirisanommogo ya Botlhale ya Lekgotla la Ditšhabatšhaba. Thomo ya go tlhoma UNESCO, e e neng ya bopiwa ke ditiragalo tsa Ntwa ya Lefatshe II, ke go tsweletsa kagiso, tlhabololo e e tswelelang le ditshwanelo tsa batho ka go tlhofofatsa tirisanommogo le dipuisano magareng ga ditšhaba. E latelela maikaelelo ano ka dikarolo tse tlhano tse dikgolo tsa lenaneo: thuto, disaense tsa tlholego, disaense tsa loago/batho, setso le tlhaeletsano/tshedimosetso. UNESCO e tshegetsa diporojeke tse di tokafatsang kitso ya go bala le go kwala, e tlamela ka katiso le thuto ya setegeniki, e tsweletsa saense pele, e sireletsa kgololesego ya bobegadikgang e e ikemetseng le bobegadikgang, e somarela hisitori ya kgaolo le ya setso, le go rotloetsa pharologano ya setso.Mokgatlho ono o thusa thata go tlhoma le go sireletsa Mafelo a Boswa jwa Lefatshe a a botlhokwa mo setsong le mo tlholegong.
UNESCO e laolwa ke Khonferense ya Kakaretso e e bopilweng ka dinaga tse di leng ditokololo le maloko a a amanang, e e kopanang gabedi ka ngwaga go tlhoma mananeo le tekanyetsokabo ya setheo. Gape e tlhopha maloko a boto ya khuduthamaga, e e laolang tiro ya UNESCO, mme e tlhoma Mokaedi-Kakaretso dingwaga dingwe le dingwe di le nne, yo o dirang jaaka motsamaisi yo mogolo wa UNESCO.
Hisetori
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Tshimologo
UNESCO le thomo ya yona ya tirisanommogo ya boditšhabatšhaba di ka bonwa morago go tshwetso ya Lekgotla la Ditšhabatšhaba ka la bo 21 Lwetse 1921, go tlhopha khomišene go ithuta kgonagalo ya gore ditšhaba di abelane ka kgololesego diphitlhelelo tsa setso, thuto le saense.[5] [6]Setlhopha seno se sesha, e leng Komiti ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Tirisanommogo ya Ditlhaloganyo (ICIC), se ne sa tlhomiwa ka 1922 mme se ne sa bala batho ba ba jaaka Henri Bergson, Albert Einstein, Marie Curie, Robert A. Millikan, le Gonzague de Reynold mo gare ga maloko a sone (ka jalo e le khomišene e nnye ya Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Yuropa). Setheo sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa Tirisanommogo ya Botlhale (IIIC) se ne sa tlhomiwa kwa Paris ka Lwetse 1924, go dira jaaka setheo se se diragatsang sa ICIC.[7] Le fa go ntse jalo, go simolola ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe II go ne ga kgoreletsa tiro ya mekgatlho eno e e neng e le teng pele ga yone thata.[8] Fa e le ka maiteko a poraefete, Biro ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Thuto (IBE) e ne ya simolola go dira jaaka mokgatlho o e seng wa puso mo tirelong ya tlhabololo ya thuto ya boditšhabatšhaba fa e sale ka Sedimonthole 1925 mme ya tsenela UNESCO ka 1969, morago ga go tlhoma khomišene e e kopanetsweng ka 1952.
Popo
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Morago ga go saeniwa ga Tšhata ya Atlantic le Kgoeletso ya Ditšhabakopano, Khonferense ya Ditona tsa Thuto tse di Kopaneng (CAME) e ne ya simolola dikopano kwa Lontone tse di neng tsa tswelela go tloga ka 16 Ngwanaitseele 1942 go fitlha ka 5 Sedimonthole 1945. Bogosi, United States le USSR. Se se ne sa latelwa ke ditshitshinyo tsa Khonferense ya Dumbarton Oaks ya 9 Diphalane 1944. Ka tshitshinyo ya CAME le go ya ka dikgakololo tsa Khonferense ya Ditšhabakopano ya Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba (UNCIO), e e neng e tshwerwe kwa San Francisco go tloga ka Moranang go fitlha ka Seetebosigo 1945, go ne ga nna le Khonferense ya Ditšhabakopano ya go tlhoma mokgatlho wa setso/CONF) e ne ya kopanela kwa Lontone go tloga ka 1 go ya go 16 November 1945 mme go ne go emetswe dipuso di le 44. Kgopolo ya UNESCO e ne ya tlhamiwa thata ke Rab Butler, Tona ya Thuto ya United Kingdom, yo o neng a nna le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo tlhabololong ya yone. Kwa ECO/CONF, Molaotheo wa UNESCO o ne wa tlhagisiwa le go saeniwa ke dinaga di le 37, mme ga tlhomiwa Khomišene ya Paakanyetso.[9] Khomišene ya Paakanyetso e ne ya dira fa gare ga 16 Ngwanaitseele 1945, le 4 Ngwanaitseele 1946 — letlha le Molaotheo wa UNESCO o neng wa tsena mo tirisong ka lone ka go tsenngwa ga kamogelo ya masome a mabedi ke naga e e leng leloko.[10]
Khonferense ya ntlha ya Kakaretso e ne ya tshwarwa go tloga ka la bo 19 Ngwanatsele go fitlha ka la bo 10 Sedimonthole 1946, mme ya tlhopha Julian Huxley go nna Mokaedikakaretso. Mokolonele wa Sesole sa United States, mopresidente wa yunibesithi le mmueledi wa ditshwanelo tsa baagi Blake R. Van Leer le ene o ne a nna leloko. Molaotheo o ne wa baakanngwa ka Ngwanaitseele 1954 fa Khonferense Kakaretso e ne e swetsa gore maloko a boto ya khuduthamaga e tla nna baemedi ba dipuso tsa Dinaga tse e leng baagi ba tsone mme ga ba kitla, jaaka pele, ba dira ka maemo a bone ka namana. Phetogo eno ya puso e ne ya farologanya UNESCO le e e neng e le teng pele ga yone, e leng ICIC, ka tsela e dinaga tse e leng maloko a tsone di neng di tla dirisana mmogo ka yone mo dikarolong tse mokgatlho ono o neng o na le bokgoni mo go tsone. Jaaka fa dinaga tse di leng ditokololo di ne di dira mmogo fa nako e ntse e tsamaya go fitlhelela thomo ya UNESCO, mabaka a sepolotiki le a hisitori a bopile ditiro tsa mokgatlho ono segolobogolo ka nako ya Ntwa ya Botsididi, thulaganyo ya go tlosa bokoloniale, le go phatlaladiwa ga Soviet Union.
Metswedi
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]- ↑ "UNESCO". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 25 September 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
- ↑ "Introducing UNESCO". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 18 August 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
- ↑ "UNESCO history". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 9 April 2010. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
- ↑ "List of UNESCO members and associates". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
- ↑ Plenary Meetings, Records of the Second Assembly, Geneva: League of Nations, 5 September – 5 October 1921
- ↑ (English summary Archived 22 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine).
- ↑ Grandjean, Martin (2020). "A Representative Organization? Ibero-American Networks in the Committee on Intellectual Cooperation of the League of Nations (1922–1939)". Cultural Organizations, Networks and Mediators in Contemporary Ibero-America: 65–89. doi:10.4324/9780429299407-4. S2CID 243387712. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
- ↑ Hamen, Susan E; Wilson, Theodore A (2014). The Great Depression and World War II : 1929–1945. ABDO Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-62403-178-6. OCLC
- ↑ "United Nations Conference for the Establishment of an Educational and Cultural Organisation. Conference for the Establishment of an Educational and Cultural Organisation" (PDF). UNESDOC database. The Institute of Civil Engineers, London. 1–16 November 1945. ECO/Conf./29. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
- ↑ Unesco 1945.