Jump to content

User:EMsmile/sandbox

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
EMsmile/sandbox
EMsmile/sandbox
Application leveltest

Welcome to Wikipedia and the online edit-a-thon on climate change topics in November 2020

Guide: How to contribute climate change information to Wikipedia

Hi,

I am EMsmile, and I am a part of a group of people wishing to improve climate change-related articles on Wikipedia. We are organising the "Wiki4Climate" online edit-a-thon from 24 November to 1 December 2020. Please take part by registering here. This event is organised by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) and Future Climate for Africa (FCFA). If you have any questions about this event, please feel free to ask on the event's talk page here. Please also join us in the event's Slack channel for easier communication and to make this into a collaborative effort. To join the Slack channel, please click here.

Here are some links about Wikipedia editing that you might find helpful when you are starting out with your Wikipedia editing journey:

Please sign your name using four tildes (~~~~) when you post on talk pages. This will automatically produce your username and the date. Look for the "tilde" character on your keyboard; for example on English keyboards it is to the left of the "enter" key (accessible with the "alt gr" key).[1][1]

References

  1. ^ a b Green, Graeme (2024-05-15). "Herd of 170 bison could help store CO2 equivalent of 43,000 cars, researchers say". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-05-17.

Welcome to Wikipedia!

[edit]
A video describing Editing Wikipedia for medical content (by WikiProject Medicine)
Welcome to Wikipedia and WikiProject Medicine

Hi Olliemaen, thank you for your contributions.

Here are some pages about Wikipedia editing that you might find helpful:

Please sign your name using four tildes (~~~~) when you post on talk pages. This will automatically produce your username and the date.

WikiProjects bring groups of editors together on particular topics. Below are three WikiProjects that I find very interesting, maybe you'd like to join me there?

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!


For people who are not new to Wikipedia:

Welcome to Sanitation Wikipedia!

[edit]
Some cookies to welcome you!

Hi rajivkraman, I noticed that you added your name to the member list of the WikiProject Sanitation. Thank you! Please also register on the Outreach Dashboard of the Sanitation Wikipedia project here.

Hi rajivkraman, I noticed that you added your name to the Outreach Dashboard of the Sanitation Wikipedia project here. Thank you!

I am EMsmile, and I am a part of a group of people wishing to improve sanitation-related articles on Wikipedia (which also includes topics around water supply and public health). If you have any questions about this work, please feel free to leave me a message on my talk page.

We ran a SuSanA Wikipedia Edit-a-thon for World Water Day in March 2017, following by a joint editing drive for World Toilet Day in November 2017. We've put together an outline of how such an editing drive can work here in our Meetup page. We are currently focussing on a select few number of articles (we have chosen 70). Also we are focussing mainly on improving their readability scores and their leads.

Can you help? Then please start editing and improving any number of those 70 articles which are listed here. And please get in touch with us on the talk page of that meetup page because it is always more fun to feel part of a team effort!

Also if you are interested in improving sanitation-related articles in general, you may want to join WikiProject Sanitation as well, which is a longer term effort, not limited to World Toilet Day.

By country

[edit]

Water scarcity (or water crisis) in particular countries:

Discussions on talk pages which I found revealing

[edit]

Reminders to myself

[edit]
  • Speedy deletion tag to make way for page move: {{db-move|page=Plastic soup|reason="need to delete this page to make way etc.}}
  • To add a hidden comment: for example <!-- The third and fourth paragraph of this section is transcribed to [[urine]], please keep that in mind if you make changes -->
  • Code of conduct
  • Use this on talk pages so that references appear with the comments on the talk page: {{reflist-talk}}
  • Getting copyright sorted out for an image on Wikimedia commons, place this template at "Source": {{subst:OP}}. See also here for e-mail template: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Email_templates (automatic release generator)
  • If you want to do a page swap, please make a request at WP:RMT, or use {{db-move}}
  • Roundrobin swap for two/three articles: Wikipedia:ROUNDROBIN
  • For recurrent discussions about male/female versus "people with vaginas" etc., see recent discussion on talk page of menstrual cycle: Talk:Menstrual cycle#Gender-neutral language (if link is broken then search in archive). This includes an update to a previous discussion that took place here: Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)/Archive 161#Gender-neutral language in human sex-specific articles
  • Do not synthesis published material (WP:SYN): "Do not combine material from multiple sources to reach or imply a conclusion not explicitly stated by any source. Similarly, do not combine different parts of one source to reach or imply a conclusion not explicitly stated by the source. If one reliable source says A and another reliable source says B, do not join A and B together to imply a conclusion C not mentioned by either of the sources."
  • Use this template for page numbers: {{rp}}, such as {{rp|5}}
  • To search for something inside of the Wikipedia system (i.e. the "internal" pages), simply add "WP:" before your search term in the search box. Example: If you put "WP:Manual of Style" into the search box of Wikipedia, it will take you to the internal Manual of Style pages of Wikipedia.
  • To display pageviews on talk page: {{Annual readership}}
  • To add section sizes to the talk page: {{section sizes}}
[edit]
First I created the list of our articles (145 unique articles). I copied that into a tool called petscan in the tab called “other sources” in the field called “Manual list”. In the field called “wiki” I added “enwiki” for English Wikipedia. I then clicked on “do it” at the bottom of the page. Then I went to the tab called “output”. Here I clicked on “format: page pile” and clicked again on “do it”. and clicked output “page pile”. This gave me a page pile number of 43473 which looked like this. Then I entered that page pile number into massviews tool where under “source” one has to select page pile and then put the page pile number into the field next to the source. Then click “submit”. This then looks like this.

Creating a graph

[edit]
  • This helpful description was provided to me by User:Efbrazil . "For that graphic I put the data in Excel, pasted the chart into Powerpoint, then added the text there along with stuff like the curly braces, exported as svg from powerpoint, then touched up the svg in notepad to get the fonts right and remove some weird span breaks in the text so that localization can be done. It's not very elegant I'm afraid. For a minor edit like that text change I mentioned I simply check the file out, open it in notepad, make the text change, then check it back in. No localization or anything else gets messed up that way. The other thing you can use is inkscape, which is an open source svg editor that works pretty well. It's pretty heavy duty though- feels a bit like an adobe product in terms of having a hundred toolbar buttons on screen at once. I use that to edit svg files visually."
  • See also discussion here about copyright issues with graphs from IPCC reports: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Village_pump/Copyright#Graphics_published_by_the_IPCC

Visual editing of a table

[edit]

So you can force it by appending &veaction=edit instead of action &action=edit to a url, so you can actually add buttons like we did at https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:WikiProject_Climate_change/Small_to_medium_tasks&action=edit with buttons like Making some quick improvements So you could instead add one of those before each table "add myself to the table" or something like that.

Example page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Meetup/SDGs/Communication_of_environment_SDGs

[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Meetup/SDGs/Communication_of_environment_SDGs&veaction=edit&section=6#SDG_6 <br/><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive" style="margin:.1em">Edit this table</span>]

For training sessions

[edit]

Example user pages:

It seems to me that there are two aspects:

  1. The mechanics of Wikipedia editing – how does it work (getting a login, making edits, adding images, adding references)
  2. The policies of Wikipedia editing – what do we have to be aware of (how do we avoid accusations of conflict-of-interest editing).

This link is the relevant Wikipedia policy page about COI: WP:COI

I recently came across this interesting presentation, see in particular slide 40: https://drive.google.com/file/d/17A1iPixtWlI4tsU0_grJhJgzJ2BBOOTV/view A video of that presentation is also here: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Science_(Communication)_and_Wikipedia._Potentials_and_Pitfalls.webm

There is also this presentation which is also quite relevant for us: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/13CPRfFwAtIVVpFq8fbII2cxrLFTrlrvjeq9nFi-Xc-k/edit#slide=id.g3271c863494_0_122

https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Science_Communication_Network

User name policy: Wikipedia:Username policy

Example DOI: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03098168221114386 DOI: 10.1177/03098168221114386 Example Guardian article: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/dec/09/eu-should-ban-space-mirrors-and-other-solar-geoengineering-warn-scientists

Example article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_engineering

Signature: ~~~~

Example lead for practising

[edit]
refer to caption and image description
Schematic with five proposed methods for solar radiation modification technologies

Solar radiation modification (SRM) (or solar radiation management or solar geoengineering), is a group of large-scale approaches to limit global warming by increasing the amount of sunlight (solar radiation) that is reflected away from Earth and back to space. Among the potential approaches, stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) is the most-studied[1]: 350 , followed by marine cloud brightening (MCB); others such as ground- and space-based show less potential or feasibility and receive less attention. SRM could be a supplement to climate change mitigation and adaptation measures,[2] but would not be a substitute for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. SRM is a form of climate engineering or geoengineering or something else.

Scientific studies, based on evidence from climate models, have consistently shown that some forms of SRM could reduce global warming and many effects of climate change.[3][4][5] However, because warming from greenhouse gases and cooling from SRM would operate differently across latitudes and seasons, a world where global warming would be offset by SRM would have a different climate from one where this warming did not occur in the first place. SRM would therefore pose environmental risks, as would a warmed world without SRM. Confidence in the current projections of how SRM would affect regional climate and ecosystems is low.[2] Furthermore, a suboptimal implementation of SRM--such as starting or stopping suddenly, or intervening too strongly in the Earth's energy balance--would increase environmental risks.

SRM presents political, social and ethical challenges. A common concern is that attention to it would lessen efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Because some SRM approaches appear to be technically feasible and have relatively low direct financial costs, some countries could be capable of deploying it on their own, raising questions of international relations.[6] Although some existing applicable governance instruments and institutions are applicable, there is currently no formal international framework designed to regulate SRM. Issues of governance and effectiveness are intertwined, as poorly governed use of SRM might lead to its suboptimal implementation.[7] For these reasons and more, SRM is often a contested topic among environmentalists.

In the face of ongoing global warming and insufficient reductions to greenhouse gas emissions, SRM receives increasing attention. Climate scientists and other experts from around the world research and publish academic articles, while more nongovernmental and intergovernmental organizations, as well as national governments, are examining and developing views.

Governance

[edit]

Governance issues relating to carbon dioxide removal are distinct from those surrounding CE. The key governance problem for carbon dioxide removal (as with emissions reductions) is making sure actors do enough of it (minimizing "free riders"), whereas the key governance issue for CE is making sure actors do not do it too much (managing "free drivers").[8]

No universally agreed framework for the regulation of CE activity or research has been established. Scholars at the Oxford Martin School at Oxford University proposed a set of principles to guide climate engineering research and use. The short version is:[9]

  • Regulate as a public good.
  • Public participation in decision-making
  • Disclose research and open publication of results
  • Independent assessment of impacts
  • Governance before deployment

These principles were endorsed by the House of Commons of the United Kingdom Science and Technology Select Committee on "The Regulation of Geoengineering".[10][11]

The Asilomar International Conference on Climate Intervention Technologies was convened to identify and develop risk reduction guidelines for climate intervention experimentation.[12]

The Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity made three decisions on what they termed "climate-related geo-engineering." A decision in 2010 called on countries to refrain from "climate-related geo-engineering activities that may affect biodiversity" until they are governed, are scientifically justified, and associated risks have been considered.[13] Some critics describe this as a "de facto moratorium,"[14] but the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity calls it a “non-binding normative framework.”[15] Legal scholars Scott and Reynolds separately reject this characterization.[16][17] The 2016 decision called for "more transdisciplinary research and sharing of knowledge among appropriate institutions is needed in order to better understand the impacts."[18]

  1. ^ de Coninck, H., A. Revi, M. Babiker, P. Bertoldi, M. Buckeridge, A. Cartwright, W. Dong, J. Ford, S. Fuss, J.-C. Hourcade, D. Ley, R. Mechler, P. Newman, A. Revokatova, S. Schultz, L. Steg, and T. Sugiyama, 2018: Strengthening and Implementing the Global Response. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [MassonDelmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press. Pg. 348.
  2. ^ a b Trisos, Christopher H.; Geden, Oliver; Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Sugiyama, Masahiro; van Aalst, Maarten; Bala, Govindasamy; Mach, Katharine J.; Ginzburg, Veronika; de Coninck, Heleen; Patt, Anthony. "Cross-Working Group Box SRM: Solar Radiation Modification" (PDF). Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press. pp. 221–222. doi:10.1017/9781009325844.004. In Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke,V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)].
  3. ^ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2023-07-06). Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781009157896.006. ISBN 978-1-009-15789-6.
  4. ^ UNEP (2023). "One Atmosphere: An Independent Expert Review on Solar Radiation Modification Research and Deployment". UNEP - UN Environment Programme. Retrieved 2024-03-09.
  5. ^ World Meteorological Organization (WMO) (2022). Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2022. Geneva: WMO. ISBN 978-9914-733-99-0.
  6. ^ Gernot Wagner (2021). Geoengineering: the Gamble.
  7. ^ Biermann, Frank; Oomen, Jeroen; Gupta, Aarti; Ali, Saleem H.; Conca, Ken; Hajer, Maarten A.; Kashwan, Prakash; Kotzé, Louis J.; Leach, Melissa; Messner, Dirk; Okereke, Chukwumerije; Persson, Åsa; Potočnik, Janez; Schlosberg, David; Scobie, Michelle (2022). "Solar geoengineering: The case for an international non-use agreement". WIREs Climate Change. 13 (3). Bibcode:2022WIRCC..13E.754B. doi:10.1002/wcc.754. ISSN 1757-7780.
  8. ^ Weitzman, Martin L. (2015). "A Voting Architecture for the Governance of Free-Driver Externalities, with Application to Geoengineering". The Scandinavian Journal of Economics. 117 (4): 1049–1068. doi:10.1111/sjoe.12120. S2CID 2991157. Archived from the original on 2020-06-09. Retrieved 2019-01-30.
  9. ^ Rayner, S.; Heyward, C.; Kruger, T.; Pidgeon, N.; Redgwell, C.; Savulescu, J. (2013). "The Oxford Principles". Climatic Change. 121 (3): 499–512. Bibcode:2013ClCh..121..499R. doi:10.1007/s10584-012-0675-2. S2CID 55553948.
  10. ^ Oxford Geoengineering Programme. "Oxford Geoengineering Programme // History of the Oxford Principles". www.geoengineering.ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
  11. ^ "We all want to change the world". The Economist. March 31, 2010. Archived from the original on October 19, 2019. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
  12. ^ "Conference Home". Climateresponsefund.org. Archived from the original on 2012-10-16. Retrieved 2012-09-06.
  13. ^ Unit, Biosafety. "COP Decision". www.cbd.int. Archived from the original on 2021-06-07. Retrieved 2021-06-07.
  14. ^ Herkenrath, Peter; Harrison, Jeremy (January 2011). "The 10th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity – a breakthrough for biodiversity?". Oryx. 45 (1): 1–2. doi:10.1017/S0030605310001663. ISSN 0030-6053.
  15. ^ Geoengineering in relation to the Convention on biological diversity : technical and regulatory matters. Phillip Williamson, Ralph Bodle, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Montréal, Québec. 2012. ISBN 978-9292254292. OCLC 889257942.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  16. ^ Scott, Karen (2013-01-01). "International Law in the Anthropocene: Responding to the Geoengineering Challenge". Michigan Journal of International Law. 34 (2): 309–358. ISSN 1052-2867. Archived from the original on 2021-06-11. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  17. ^ Reynolds, Jesse L.; Parker, Andy; Irvine, Peter (December 2016). "Five solar geoengineering tropes that have outstayed their welcome: Five solar geoengineering tropes". Earth's Future. 4 (12): 562–568. doi:10.1002/2016EF000416. S2CID 36263104.
  18. ^ "Convention on Biological Diversity". Convention on Biological Diversity. Archived from the original on 2021-02-25. Retrieved 2021-06-07.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:EMsmile/sandbox&oldid=1280024642"