User:Mmorourke/Word formation
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[edit]Blending
[edit]A lexical blend is a complex word typically made of two word fragments. Some examples are smog, which comes from smoke and fog, and brunch, from breakfast and lunch.[1]
Acronym
[edit]An acronym is a word formed from the first letters of other words. Some examples are NASA for National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and ATM for Automated Teller Machine. Though they are usually written entirely in capital letters, some words originating as acronyms, like radar, are now treated as common nouns.[2]Calque
A calque is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal, word-for-word or root-for-root translation.[3] For example, the English phrase to lose face is a calque from the Chinese "丟臉/丢脸".[4]
A subcategory of calques is the semantic loan, that is, the extension of the meaning of a word to include new, foreign meanings.
References
[edit]- ^ Aronoff, Mark (1983). "A Decade of Morphology and Word Formation". Annual Review of Anthropology. 12: 360. doi:10.1146/annurev.an.12.100183.002035.
- ^ Carstairs-McCarthy, Andrew (2018). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure (2nd edition). Edinburgh University Press. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-4744-2896-5.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ He, Zili (1990). "Knowledge of Idiomaticity: Evidence from Idiom Calquing and Folk Literalization". Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics. 15 (1): 33.
- ^ "face". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)