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German Empire
*Deutsches Reich* (German)
German Empire Deutsches Reich (German)
1871–1918
	Flag Coat of arms; (1889–1918)
	Motto: Gott mit uns (German); "God with us"
	Anthem: Heil dir im Siegerkranz; "Hail to Thee in the Victor's Crown"; Die Wacht am Rhein (unofficial); "The Watch on the Rhine"";
	The German colonial empire in 1914
Capital and largest city	Berlin; 52°31′7″N 13°22′34″E / 52.51861°N 13.37611°E
Official languages	German
Common languages	List Unofficial:; Low German, Polish, Danish, Yiddish, Limburgish, Frisian, Sorbian, Sinte Romani, Lithuanian, Kashubian, Swahili, Arabic;
Religion (1880)	Majority:; 62.63% Protestant; ; Minorities:; 35.89% Roman Catholic; 1.24% Judaism; 0.17% other Christian; 0.07% other
Demonym(s)	German
Government	Federal parliamentary semi-constitutional monarchy Under a military dictatorship; (1916–1918);
Emperor
• 1871–1888	Wilhelm I
• 1888	Friedrich III
• 1888–1918	Wilhelm II
Chancellor
• 1871–1890	Otto von Bismarck
• 1890–1894	Leo von Caprivi
• 1894–1900	C. zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
• 1900–1909	Bernhard von Bülow
• 1909–1917	T. von Bethmann Hollweg
• 1917	Georg Michaelis
• 1917–1918	Georg von Hertling
• 1918	Max von Baden
Legislature	Bicameral
• Upper house	Bundesrat
• Lower house	Reichstag
History
• Unification	18 January 1871
• Constitution	16 April 1871
• Berlin Conference	15 November 1884
• World War I began	28 July 1914
• German Revolution	3 November 1918
• Abdication of Kaiser	9 November 1918
• Armistice	11 November 1918
• Weimar Constitution	11 August 1919
Area
• Total	1,750,000 km2 (680,000 sq mi)
1910	540,857.54 km2 (208,826.26 sq mi)
Population
• Estimate	70,000,000
• 1871	41,058,792
• 1900	56,367,178
• 1910	64,925,993
Currency	Until 1873: Vereinsthaler, South German gulden, Bremen thaler, Hamburg mark, French francGerman gold mark; (1873–1914); German Papiermark; (1914–1918)
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	North German Confederation
	Bavaria
	Württemberg
	Baden
	Hesse
Weimar Republic
Memel Territory
Territory of the Saar Basin
Danzig
Second Polish Republic
	Area and population not including colonial possessions

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^ Seyler, Gustav A. Die Wappen der deutschen Landesfürsten. Reprograf. Nachdr. von Siebmacher's Wappenbuch 1. Bd., 1. Abt. 2. – 5. Teil (Nürnberg 1909 – 1929) (in German).
^ Preble, George Henry, History of the Flag of the United States of America: With a Chronicle of the Symbols, Standards, Banners, and Flags of Ancient and Modern Nations, 2nd ed, p. 102; A. Williams and co, 1880
^ Fischer, Michael; Senkel, Christian (2010). Tanner, Klaus (ed.). Reichsgründung 1871: Ereignis, Beschreibung, Inszenierung. Münster: Bachmann Verlag.
^ Hansen, Hans Jürgen (1978). Heil Dir im Siegerkranz: die Hymnen der Deutschen. Oldenburg, Hamburg: Stalling. ISBN 3-7979-1950-6.
^ Klaiber, Adelheid. "Max Schneckenburger (1819–1849)–der Dichter der "Wacht am Rhein". SCHRIFTEN DER BAAR. p. 165. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
^ Ochsmann, Almut. "100 Jahre deutsche Nationalhymne: Überlegungen zu Eine vaterländische Ouvertüre op. 140." Mitteilungen der Internationalen Max-Reger-Gesellschaft 3.42 (2022): 18–23.
^ "Establishment of the North German Confederation". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
^ Nipperdey, Thomas, "Deutsche Geschichte 1866–1918: Zweiter Band: Machtstaat vor der Demokratie" (1995), p. 98–108.
^ Röhl, John C. G. "Kaiser Wilhelm II: A Concise Life" (2014), p. 172–173.
^ Haardt, Oliver F. R. (2016). "The Kaiser in the Federal State, 1871–1918". German History. 34 (4): 529–554. doi:10.1093/gerhis/ghw117. ISSN 0266-3554.
^ Wheeler-Bennett, John (1967). The Nemesis of Power The German Army in Politics 1918–1945. London: Macmillan. pp. 13–14. ISBN 978-1-4039-1812-3.
^ Statement of Abdication of Wilhelm II
^ "German Empire: administrative subdivision and municipalities, 1900 to 1910" (in German). Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Population statistics of the German Empire, 1871" (in German). Archived from the original on 5 April 2007. Retrieved 25 April 2007.

[1] Seyler, Gustav A. Die Wappen der deutschen Landesfürsten. Reprograf. Nachdr. von Siebmacher's Wappenbuch 1. Bd., 1. Abt. 2. – 5. Teil (Nürnberg 1909 – 1929) (in German).

[2] Preble, George Henry, History of the Flag of the United States of America: With a Chronicle of the Symbols, Standards, Banners, and Flags of Ancient and Modern Nations, 2nd ed, p. 102; A. Williams and co, 1880

[3] Fischer, Michael; Senkel, Christian (2010). Tanner, Klaus (ed.). Reichsgründung 1871: Ereignis, Beschreibung, Inszenierung. Münster: Bachmann Verlag.

[4] Hansen, Hans Jürgen (1978). Heil Dir im Siegerkranz: die Hymnen der Deutschen. Oldenburg, Hamburg: Stalling. ISBN 3-7979-1950-6.

[5] Klaiber, Adelheid. "Max Schneckenburger (1819–1849)–der Dichter der "Wacht am Rhein". SCHRIFTEN DER BAAR. p. 165. Retrieved 9 September 2023.

[6] Ochsmann, Almut. "100 Jahre deutsche Nationalhymne: Überlegungen zu Eine vaterländische Ouvertüre op. 140." Mitteilungen der Internationalen Max-Reger-Gesellschaft 3.42 (2022): 18–23.

[7] "Establishment of the North German Confederation". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2022.

[8] Nipperdey, Thomas, "Deutsche Geschichte 1866–1918: Zweiter Band: Machtstaat vor der Demokratie" (1995), p. 98–108.

[9] Röhl, John C. G. "Kaiser Wilhelm II: A Concise Life" (2014), p. 172–173.

[10] Haardt, Oliver F. R. (2016). "The Kaiser in the Federal State, 1871–1918". German History. 34 (4): 529–554. doi:10.1093/gerhis/ghw117. ISSN 0266-3554.

[11] Wheeler-Bennett, John (1967). The Nemesis of Power The German Army in Politics 1918–1945. London: Macmillan. pp. 13–14. ISBN 978-1-4039-1812-3.

[12] Statement of Abdication of Wilhelm II

[gem1900-13] "German Empire: administrative subdivision and municipalities, 1900 to 1910" (in German). Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2007.

[pop1871-14] "Population statistics of the German Empire, 1871" (in German). Archived from the original on 5 April 2007. Retrieved 25 April 2007.

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