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Design and Mechanism

Vacuum systems usually consist of gauges, vapor jet and pumps, vapor traps and valves along with other extensional piping’s. A vessel that is operating under vacuum system may be any of these types such as processing tank, steam simulator, particle accelerator, or any other type of space that has an enclosed chamber to maintain the system in less than atmospheric gas pressure. Since a vacuum is created in an enclosed chamber, the consideration of being able to withstand external Atmospheric pressureatmospheric pressure are the usual precaution for this type of design. Along with the effect of buckling or collapsing, the outer shell of vacuum chamber will be carefully evaluated and any sign of deterioration will be corrected by the increase of thickness of the shell itself.The main material used for vacuum design are usually mild steel, stainless steel, and aluminum.Other sections such as glass are used for gauge glass or view ports or sometimes electrical insulation. The interior of vacuum chamber should always be smooth and free of rush and defections. High pressure solvent are usually used to remove any excess oil and contaminants that will affect vacuum in any way.Due to vacuum chamber is in an enclosed space, very specific detergents can be used to prevent any hazards or danger during cleaning. Any vacuum chamber should always have a certain number of access and viewing ports. These are usually served as a flange connection to the attachment of pumps, piping or any other parts required for system operation. The most importance is the fabrication of vacuum chambers sealing capability.The chamber itself must be airtight to maintain perfect vacuum, this is ensure through the process of leaking hunting generally using mass spectrometer leak detector. All openings and connections are also assembled with O rings and gaskets to prevent any further possible leakage of air in the system.

History

The word “Vacuum” is originated from the Latin word “vacua”, which is translated to the word “empty”.Physicist use vacuum to describe a partially empty space, where air or some other gases are being removed from one container. The idea of vacuum relating to the empty space has been speculated as early as 5th century from Greek philosophers, Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) was the one who came up with the relation of vacuum being an empty space in nature would be impossible to ever create. This idea had stuck around for over centuries until the 17th century, when vacuum technology and physics was discovered. During the years of 1564-1642, the famous scientist Galileo was one of the first physicist to conduct experiments to develop measured forces to develop vacuum using a piston in a cylinder. It was not until the year 1644, one of Galileo associates, Torricelli successfully discovered vacuum by submerging a glass tube filled with mercury under water to pull vacuum. This was a big discovery for scientist and was shared among others. French scientist and philosopher Blaise Pascal used the idea that was discovered to look into further research of vacuum. Pascal discoveries were similar to Torricelli’s research as Pascal used similar methods to pull vacuum using mercury. It was until the year 1661, when the mayor of the city of Magdeburg used this discovery to invent or retrofit new ideas. The mayor Otto von Guericke created the first air pump, modified the idea of water pumps, and also modified manometers.Vacuum engineering today, provides the solution for all thin film needs in the mechanical industry. This method of engineering is typically used for R&D needs or large scale material production.

Applications

Vacuum technology is a method used to evacuate all air molecules in a closed volume by creating a pressure differential within the closed volume and using atmospheric pressure. When using an industrial vacuum system, a vacuum pump or generator removes air from a system to create a pressure differential which is used to generate the vacuum. A variety of technical inventions were created based off of the idea discovered during the 17th century. Ranging from vacuum generation pumps to X-ray tubes which was later introduced as X-ray radiation used in the medical field. Vacuum has become a valuable method to use in the scientific research field as new discoveries are being made by looking back to the basic fundamental of pressure and vacuum. The idea of “perfect vacuum” was never imagined, not until the technology discoveries found in the early 20th century. Vacuum engineering today uses a range of different material like aluminum to zirconium, and just about everything in between. Many still believe the idea of vacuum technology is to be dealing with valves, flanges, and other vacuum components, but yet science constantly refers to vacuum to create new technology that will build our society into a high-tech era. Vacuum engineering can be used as a solution for compound semiconductor, power devices, memory logic, and photovoltaics. Another technical invention is the vacuum pump. Such invention is used to remove gas molecules from sealed volume thus leaving behind a partial vacuum. More than one vacuum pumps are used in a single application to create fluent flow. Fluent flow is used to allow a clear path made using vacuum to remove any air molecules in the way of the process. Vacuum will be used in this process to attempted to create a perfect vacuum. . A type of vacuum such as partial vacuum can be caused by the usage of positive displacement type pumps. A positive displacement pump is able to transfer gas load from the entrance to the exit port, but due to its limitation of design it can only achieve a relatively low vacuum. In order to reach a higher vacuum, other techniques must be used. By using a series of pump such as following up an fast pump down with a positive displacement type pump will create a way better vacuum than using a single pump. These combination of pump used is usually determined by the need of vacuum in the system.

Vacuum engineering

User:MelonEraser/sandbox