Wireless data
Wireless data refers to transmitting information—voice, video, sensors, apps—without physical cables, using electromagnetic waves like radio, microwave, or infrared waves.[1][2]
Technologies and networks
[edit]Wi‑Fi (Wireless LAN)
[edit]- Connects devices via access points using IEEE 802.11 standards.
- Latest versions include Wi‑Fi 6/6E (using 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and now 6 GHz bands) offering higher throughput and efficiency
Cellular (3G/4G/5G/5G‑Advanced)
[edit]- 3G/4G (LTE) support broad data access.
- 5G launched globally since 2019; offers up to 10 Gbps speeds, extremely low latency, and supports massive IoT
- 5G‑Advanced (5.5G) introduces AI integration, edge compute, better slicing, non-terrestrial networks, aiming for full deployment by end of 2025.
Wireless PAN and others
[edit]- Bluetooth, Zigbee, UWB for short-range, low-energy data transfer (e.g., device pairing, indoor location) [3][4]
- Satellite and Wide Area IoT networks (e.g., NB-IoT) allow remote connectivity
Niche and emerging
[edit]- IEEE 802.22 uses TV bands for rural broadband with AES-GCM encryption
- Free-Space Optical (FSO) Infrared beams achieved 5.7 Tbps over 4.6 km—no RF needed[5]
- 6G (2027–30) envisions terahertz bands, AI-native networks, quantum comms, holographic beamforming[6]
Security and protocols
[edit]Wi‑Fi encryption
[edit]There are four main methods of Wi-Fi Encryption:
- WEP: outdated and insecure.
- WPA & WPA2: added TKIP and AES/CCMP, respectively
- WPA3: modern standard since 2018 with SAE, enhanced open (OWE), 192-bit enterprise, and protection of management frames[7][8]
Trends in wireless security
[edit]The trend in wireless security is to move toward WPA3, Wi‑Fi 6E enhancements, private 5G/LTE (CBRS), UEM, AI/ML analytics, edge protection, and stronger identity access management.[9][10]
Architecture and standards
[edit]OSI layers
[edit]Wireless networks conform to the OSI model, each layer bringing unique threats and protections.[7]
Protocol stacks
[edit]Wireless Access Point (WAP) is the early mobile web stack (WSP/WDP/WTP/WTLS) designed for feature phones and constrained networks.
Applications and use cases
[edit]- Consumer Internet access: Home Wi‑Fi and mobile broadband
- Enterprise mobility: BYOD management, secure campus networks
- IoT and industrial: Sensors, telemetry, remote control via Zigbee, private LTE, NB-IoT
- High-speed links: FSO for urban backhaul; IEEE 802.22 for rural broadband
- Future systems: 5G/6G to support smart cities, autonomous vehicles, XR, remote surgery
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Pullen, John Patrick (2015-03-10). "You Asked: What Is 5G Wireless Data and Why Do I Want It?". TIME. Retrieved 2025-06-12.
- ^ Garfinkel, Simson. "Wireless Gets Real". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2025-06-12.
- ^ "What is Wireless Data Transmission? Introduction to the Types and Applications of Wireless Data Transmission| Four-Faith". www.fourfaith.com. Retrieved 2025-06-12.
- ^ Jardin, Xeni. "Beyond Wi-Fi". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2025-06-12.
- ^ published, Wayne Williams (2025-05-03). "Say goodbye to slow Wi-Fi: infrared beams could power future 5G and 6G networks". TechRadar. Retrieved 2025-06-12.
- ^ Chowdhury, Mostafa Zaman; Shahjalal, Md; Ahmed, Shakil; Jang, Yeong Min (2019-09-25), 6G Wireless Communication Systems: Applications, Requirements, Technologies, Challenges, and Research Directions, arXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.1909.11315, arXiv:1909.11315, retrieved 2025-06-12
- ^ a b Basan, Maine (2024-04-29). "Wireless Network Security: WEP, WPA, WPA2 & WPA3 Explained". eSecurity Planet. Retrieved 2025-06-12.
- ^ "A Closer Look at Wireless Security". Portnox. Retrieved 2025-06-12.
- ^ "Eight Key Wireless Mobile Security Trends – ETMA". Retrieved 2025-06-12.
- ^ "Wireless Security Trends (CISO Network Security Cheat Sheet) - Viszen Security". www.viszensecurity.com. Archived from the original on 2024-07-23. Retrieved 2025-06-12.