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'''''Lepadogaster candolii''''', common name '''Connemarra clingfish''', is a [[species]] of fish in the genus ''[[Lepadogaster]]''. It occurs in the Eastern Atlantic from the British Isles (off the coast of Western Scotland and South-West England and Ireland<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marlin.ac.uk/speciesinformation.php?speciesID=3640 |author=Morvan Barnes |year=2009 |title=''Lepadogaster candollei''. Connemara clingfish |work=[[The Marine Life Information Network]] |publisher=MarLIN |accessdate=2013-12-03 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211185056/http://www.marlin.ac.uk/speciesinformation.php?speciesID=3640 |archivedate=2013-12-11 }}</ref>) south to Madeira and the Canary Islands and into the western Mediterranean and the Black Sea.<ref name=FishBase>{{FishBase |genus=Lepadogaster |species=candolii |month=November |year=2014}}</ref><ref name=CoF>{{cite web|url=http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/Ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp |title=Catalog of Fishes |author=Eschmeyer, W. N. and R. Fricke (eds) |date=1 October 2015 |publisher=California Academy of Sciences |accessdate=23 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503081145/http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp |archivedate= 3 May 2015 }}</ref> The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] ''candolii'' honours the [[Swiss people|Swiss]] [[botanist]] [[ Augustin Pyramus de Candolle]] ( |
'''''Lepadogaster candolii''''', common name '''Connemarra clingfish''', is a [[species]] of fish in the genus ''[[Lepadogaster]]''. It occurs in the Eastern Atlantic from the British Isles (off the coast of Western Scotland and South-West England and Ireland<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marlin.ac.uk/speciesinformation.php?speciesID=3640 |author=Morvan Barnes |year=2009 |title=''Lepadogaster candollei''. Connemara clingfish |work=[[The Marine Life Information Network]] |publisher=MarLIN |accessdate=2013-12-03 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211185056/http://www.marlin.ac.uk/speciesinformation.php?speciesID=3640 |archivedate=2013-12-11 }}</ref>) south to Madeira and the Canary Islands and into the western Mediterranean and the Black Sea.<ref name=FishBase>{{FishBase |genus=Lepadogaster |species=candolii |month=November |year=2014}}</ref><ref name=CoF>{{cite web|url=http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/Ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp |title=Catalog of Fishes |author=Eschmeyer, W. N. and R. Fricke (eds) |date=1 October 2015 |publisher=California Academy of Sciences |accessdate=23 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503081145/http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp |archivedate= 3 May 2015 }}</ref> The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] ''candolii'' honours the [[Swiss people|Swiss]] [[botanist]] [[ Augustin Pyramus de Candolle]] (1778–1841)<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = https://www.etyfish.org/gobiesociformes/ | title = Order GOBIESOCIFORMES (Clingfishes) | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | author1 = Christopher Scharpf | author2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara | date = 7 February 2019 | accessdate = 15 June 2019}}</ref> and has various spellings: ''candolii'', ''candolei'', ''candollei'', and ''decandollii'', but only the first one is correct.<ref name=FishBase/><ref name=CoF/> Some workers have found that ''L. candolii'' is not closely related to the other two species in the genus ''[[Lepadogaster]]'' and have proposed the placing of this species in the revived [[monotypic]] genus ''Mirbelia'' Canestrini, 1864, at least until more definitive taxonomic studies can be undertaken.<ref name = Almada>{{cite journal | author1 = F. Almada | author2 = M. Henriques | author3 = A. Levy | author4 = A.Pereira | author5 = J. Robalo | author6 = V.C. Almada| display-authors= 3 | year = 2008 | title = Reclassification of ''Lepadogaster candolii'' based om molecular and meristic evidence with a redefinition of the genus ''Lepadogaster'' | url = http://mare.ispa.pt/ficheiros/artigos/almada2008lepadogaster.pdf | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 46 | issue = 3 | pages = 1151–1156| doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.05.021 | pmid = 18280755 | hdl = 10400.12/1471 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> |
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''L. candolii'' is considered a euryecious species, meaning that it has a broad variety of living conditions and habitats that it prefers. ''L. candolii'' most often inhabit small cavities in the underwater rock face, boulder fields, and [[seagrass meadow]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Hofrichter, R. |author2=Patzner, R. A. |year=2000 |title=Habitat and microhabitat of Mediterranean clingfishes (Teleostei: Gobiesociformes: Gobiesocidae) |journal=Marine Ecology |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=41–53 |doi=10.1046/j.1439-0485.2000.00689.x|bibcode=2000MarEc..21...41H }}</ref> ''L. candolii'' can reach up to 7.5 cm in length<ref name=FishBase/> and shares many similarities with ''[[Shore clingfish|L. lepadogaster]]''. Like the ''Lepadogaster'' other species, ''L. candolii'' has a flattened body and bilateral symmetry. Unlike ''L. lepadogaster'' that has a triangular shaped head, ''L. candolii'' has a more rounded head and rounded fins.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} ''L. candolii'' has been photographed [[cleaner fish|cleaning]] dusky grouper (''[[Epinephelus marginatus]]''), even entering the grouper's mouth.<ref name = Weitzmann>{{cite journal | author1 = Boris Weitzmann | author2 = Lluís Mercader | name-list-style = amp | year = 2012 | title = First report of cleaning activity of ''Lepadogaster candolii'' (Gobiesocidae) in the Mediterranean Sea | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235733549 | journal = Cybium: International Journal of Ichthyology | volume = 36 | issue =3 | pages = 487–488}}</ref> |
''L. candolii'' is considered a euryecious species, meaning that it has a broad variety of living conditions and habitats that it prefers. ''L. candolii'' most often inhabit small cavities in the underwater rock face, boulder fields, and [[seagrass meadow]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Hofrichter, R. |author2=Patzner, R. A. |year=2000 |title=Habitat and microhabitat of Mediterranean clingfishes (Teleostei: Gobiesociformes: Gobiesocidae) |journal=Marine Ecology |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=41–53 |doi=10.1046/j.1439-0485.2000.00689.x|bibcode=2000MarEc..21...41H }}</ref> ''L. candolii'' can reach up to 7.5 cm in length<ref name=FishBase/> and shares many similarities with ''[[Shore clingfish|L. lepadogaster]]''. Like the ''Lepadogaster'' other species, ''L. candolii'' has a flattened body and bilateral symmetry. Unlike ''L. lepadogaster'' that has a triangular shaped head, ''L. candolii'' has a more rounded head and rounded fins.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} ''L. candolii'' has been photographed [[cleaner fish|cleaning]] dusky grouper (''[[Epinephelus marginatus]]''), even entering the grouper's mouth.<ref name = Weitzmann>{{cite journal | author1 = Boris Weitzmann | author2 = Lluís Mercader | name-list-style = amp | year = 2012 | title = First report of cleaning activity of ''Lepadogaster candolii'' (Gobiesocidae) in the Mediterranean Sea | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235733549 | journal = Cybium: International Journal of Ichthyology | volume = 36 | issue =3 | pages = 487–488}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 16:27, 7 January 2024
| Lepadogaster candolii | |
|---|---|
| |
| Connemarra clingfish (Lepadogaster candolii) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Blenniiformes |
| Family: | Gobiesocidae |
| Genus: | Lepadogaster |
| Species: | L. candolii
|
| Binomial name | |
| Lepadogaster candolii Risso, 1810
| |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Lepadogaster candolii, common name Connemarra clingfish, is a species of fish in the genus Lepadogaster. It occurs in the Eastern Atlantic from the British Isles (off the coast of Western Scotland and South-West England and Ireland[3]) south to Madeira and the Canary Islands and into the western Mediterranean and the Black Sea.[2][4] The specific name candolii honours the Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle (1778–1841)[5] and has various spellings: candolii, candolei, candollei, and decandollii, but only the first one is correct.[2][4] Some workers have found that L. candolii is not closely related to the other two species in the genus Lepadogaster and have proposed the placing of this species in the revived monotypic genus Mirbelia Canestrini, 1864, at least until more definitive taxonomic studies can be undertaken.[6]
L. candolii is considered a euryecious species, meaning that it has a broad variety of living conditions and habitats that it prefers. L. candolii most often inhabit small cavities in the underwater rock face, boulder fields, and seagrass meadows.[7] L. candolii can reach up to 7.5 cm in length[2] and shares many similarities with L. lepadogaster. Like the Lepadogaster other species, L. candolii has a flattened body and bilateral symmetry. Unlike L. lepadogaster that has a triangular shaped head, L. candolii has a more rounded head and rounded fins.[citation needed] L. candolii has been photographed cleaning dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus), even entering the grouper's mouth.[8]
References
- ^ Francour, P.; Bilecenoglu, M. & Tunesi, L. (2011). "Lepadogaster candolii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T198773A9103946. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T198773A9103946.en.
- ^ a b c d Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Lepadogaster candolii". FishBase. November 2014 version.
- ^ Morvan Barnes (2009). "Lepadogaster candollei. Connemara clingfish". The Marine Life Information Network. MarLIN. Archived from the original on 2013-12-11. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
- ^ a b Eschmeyer, W. N. and R. Fricke (eds) (1 October 2015). "Catalog of Fishes". California Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 3 May 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
{{cite web}}:|author=has generic name (help) - ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (7 February 2019). "Order GOBIESOCIFORMES (Clingfishes)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
- ^ F. Almada; M. Henriques; A. Levy; et al. (2008). "Reclassification of Lepadogaster candolii based om molecular and meristic evidence with a redefinition of the genus Lepadogaster" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 46 (3): 1151–1156. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.05.021. hdl:10400.12/1471. PMID 18280755.
- ^ Hofrichter, R.; Patzner, R. A. (2000). "Habitat and microhabitat of Mediterranean clingfishes (Teleostei: Gobiesociformes: Gobiesocidae)". Marine Ecology. 21 (1): 41–53. Bibcode:2000MarEc..21...41H. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0485.2000.00689.x.
- ^ Boris Weitzmann & Lluís Mercader (2012). "First report of cleaning activity of Lepadogaster candolii (Gobiesocidae) in the Mediterranean Sea". Cybium: International Journal of Ichthyology. 36 (3): 487–488.
External links
- Photos of Lepadogaster candolii on Sealife Collection