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Makabayan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For the wider left-wing political group, see Bagong Alyansang Makabayan.
Not to be confused with Akbayan.
Makabayan
LeaderSatur Ocampo
PresidentLiza Maza[1]
FoundedApril 16, 2009; 16 years ago (2009-04-16)
HeadquartersQuezon City
Ideology
Political positionLeft-wing[3]
National affiliation
Colors  Blue,   Red,   Yellow
Seats in the Senate
0 / 24
Seats in the House of Representatives
2 / 316
Provincial governorships
0 / 81
Provincial vice governorships
0 / 81
Provincial board members
0 / 756
Website
makabayan.ph Edit this at Wikidata

Makabayang Koalisyon ng Mamamayan (lit. 'Patriotic Coalition of the People') or simply Makabayan is a coalition of twelve party-lists in the House of Representatives of the Philippines. It was founded on April 16, 2009. The founding assembly was held at UP Theatre, Diliman, Quezon City.

Party-lists

[edit]

As of 2024, four party-lists are fielding candidates under the Makabayan bloc:[4]

The following partylists have also ran under the bloc:

In 2016, the Commission on Elections disqualified the Akap Bata and Katribu partylists for failure to acquire the necessary votes.[5]

In 2024, COMELEC delisted and canceled the registration of Anakpawis ahead of the 2025 Philippine general election for "failing to obtain at least two (20) percent of votes cast for the party-list system and failed to obtain a seat in the last two (2) preceding elections."[6]

Coalition

[edit]

Makabayan also includes organizations that are not political parties, including:

History

[edit]

Early years (2000–2010)

[edit]

From November to December 2000, Bayan Muna, the initial party-list of Makabayan, met with then Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo in Quezon City for their group's ouster plans against incumbent President Joseph Estrada.[7]

On January 2001, Makabayan rallied for the ouster of President Joseph Estrada, who later resigned from his post, leading Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to ascend as president.[8]

Makabayan's participation in national elections began in the 2001 May elections, when it fielded candidates for the party-list system. In the party-list race of the 2001 House of Representatives election, Makabayan's Bayan Muna topped the party-list race with an 11.7 percent of the votes cast, gaining the maximum three seats. It was the highest vote share for the party-list elections at the time.[9]

During the early years of the administration of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, Makabayan was in a sworn alliance with the Arroyo government. However, due to some policy differences, Makabayan later changed ship and began attacking President Arroyo.[10]

In the 2004 House party-list elections, Bayan Muna garnered 10.8 percent of the votes cast, again securing three seats.[9] Two new party-lists under Makabayan also won seats, namely, Gabriela Women's Party which got one seat, and Anakpawis which got two seats.[11]

In 2006, Makabayan allied itself with plunder-convicted former President Joseph Estrada and the widow of presidential contender Fernando Poe Jr. against President Arroyo, rallying in one stage to show a united front.[12] The group, through Bayan Muna, claimed that President Arroyo was "guilty of rebellion" against former President Estrada, despite Bayan Muna being one of the groups who rallied for Estrada's ouster in 2001 and had secret tactical alliance meetings with then Vice President Arroyo to oust then President Estrada in 2000.[7]

Months later, Makabayan through its party-list Bayan Muna denied reports claiming that it has been asking for at least 40 million pesos from former President Estrada. The reports alleged that Bayan Muna would use the Estrada fund to ensure a successful 2007 House party-list election campaign for the Makabayan bloc.[13]

In the 2007 House party-list elections, Bayan Muna retained its three seats, Gabriela expanded into two seats, Anakpawis retained its two seats, while Kabataan, new party-list under the Makabayan coalition, got one new seat. The 2007 race became the best House party-list performance of the Makabayan bloc in its electoral history.[11]

On April 16, 2009, the Makabayang Koalisyon ng Mamamayan (or Makabayan) was formally founded after three consecutive successes in the House party-list elections. Makabayan's Satur Ocampo and Liza Maza condemned the Arroyo government which they see as "becoming more desperate in frustrating progressive candidates from pursuing the politics of change."[14]

Support of Manny Villar; Opposition against the Aquino administration and tensions with Akbayan (2010–2016)

[edit]

Makabayan fielded its first senatorial candidates in 2010 through former Bayan Muna representative Satur Ocampo and former Gabriela representative Liza Maza. Both candidates ran under the slate of presidential candidate and billionaire Manny Villar,[15][16] where the Makabayan bloc also supported the vice presidential run of senator Loren Legarda. They also teamed up with Bongbong Marcos, who was also running for senator.[17] After criticism from their core constituents, Makabayan issued a remark of non-support towards Marcos. Despite this, both of their candidates shared a campaign platform with Marcos, raising hands with him during an election photo-ops. Maza and Ocampo were both defeated in the 2010 senatorial elections, placing 25th and 26th.[18]

In the 2010 House party-list elections, the Makabayan bloc's numbers fell by one seat, but a new partylist within its coalition entered the House. Bayan Muna fell into two seat, Gabriela retained its two seats, Kabataan retained its one seat, Anakpawis fell into one seat, and ACT Teachers, a new party-list under the Makabayan coalition, gained one new seat.[11] Since Villar lost the presidential race, Makabayan members in the House shifted sides and symbolically allied themselves with the House majority bloc which supported President Noynoy Aquino, although they remained in the minority bloc.[19]

In 2011, members of the Makabayan bloc started using the term noynoying to ridicule and spread negative propaganda and fake news against President Aquino. By 2012, the term was spread and turned into a huge misinformation campaign by the Makabayan bloc to attack and malign the Aquino administration with the aim of strengthening the far-left. However, the noynoying campaign instead strengthened the far-right which also attacked the Aquino government and the Makabayan bloc.[20]

In 2012, members of Makabayan's youth organization, Anakbayan, barged inside a press conference of Akbayan, a center-left, social democratic partylist allied with the Aquino administration. The Makabayan members shouted at Akbayan, branding it as a "fake partylist", although without merit, because some of its leaders, including Ronald Llamas, were appointed into top government positions, while none of Makabayan's members were appointed by President Aquino. Makabayan run against Aquino during the 2010 presidential election.[19] Accourding to Presidential Spokesperson Edwin Lacierda, Conflict between Makabayan and Akbayan began in 1993, where the "Reaffirm Our Basic Principles and Rectify Errors" was issued by Armando Liwanag. The leftist document aimed to return the Philippines into a “semi-colonial and semi-feudal” society. Those who reaffirmed the document drifted towards Makabayan, the "extreme left", while parts of those who rejected it drifted towards Akbayan, the "democratic left".[9]

In the 2013 senatorial elections, Makabayan fielded one candidate, namely, Bayan Muna representative Teodoro Casiño.[21][22] During the campaign season, Casiño and the Makabayan bloc were vocally against the senatorial bid of former Akbayan representative Risa Hontiveros.[23] In contrast, Makabayan endorsed the senatorial run of former Las Pinas representative Cynthia Villar and MTRCB chairperson Grace Poe.[24] During a debate, Casiño, as sole Makabayan representative, stated that he would rather focus on the human rights abuses of "men in uniform", rather than the human rights abuses of communist rebels against Filipinos.[25] Casiño lost in the senatorial race, placing 22nd.[18]

In the 2013 House party-list elections, the Makabayan coalition retained all its seven seats across five party-lists.[11] Makabayan's members in the House were part of the minority bloc against President Aquino.[19]

In July 21, 2014, three House representative of Makabayan, namely Neri Colmenares, Carlos Isagani Zarate, and Fernando Hicap, filed an impeachment complaint against President Noynoy Aquino. Bayan's secretary-general, Renato M. Reyes, Jr., also attacked Akbayan.[19] The impeachment complaint was ultimately dismissed. Afterwards, Makabayan's Colmenares claimed that the dismissal was a "terrible day" for ordinary factory workers, farmers, and fishermen, even though the House representatives of the marginalized groups Colemenares mentioned actually did not support Makabayan's impeachment complaint.[26] The campaign of "noynoying" was repeated by the Makabayan bloc, in a bid to gain support for their endeavors. However, just like the initial "noynoying" campaigns, the move benefitted far-right forces instead, and was later used by the supporters of future President Rodrigo Duterte against President Aquino and the country's democratic institutions.[20] Makabayan also repeated its mantra, calling the Aquino government as a "yellow dictatorship", despite the lack in basis. Political analysts viewed the moves of Makabayan as simply actions to make things difficult for President Aquino, rather than to uphold the Constitution, adding that "the supposed [Makabayan] progressives in Congress were shown to be no more than traditional politicians (trapo)."[26]

In 2015, former President Joseph Estrada, who was attacked by Makabayan in the past, announced his support and alliance with Makabayan, endorsing Neri Colmenares for the 2016 senatorial elections. Estrada, known for his corruption cases and was convicted before for plunder, was also against the Aquino government.[8] After backlash from Makabayan's core constituents, their member Teddy Casiño said that they still "welcome" Estrada's endorsement. Makabayan also released a statement claiming that there were "no strings attached" to Estrada's endorsement of Makabayan.[27]

Support of Grace Poe; Duterte administration (2016–2022)

[edit]

In the 2016 senatorial elections, Makabayan fielded Neri Colmenares, who ran under the Partido Galing at Puso slate of presidential candidate Grace Poe.[28][29] Despite years of coverage aided by the media, Colmenares was defeated and placed 20th.[18] Although Makabayan backed the presidential bid of Grace Poe, the group vocally supported many of the policies and statements of presidential candidate, and later President, Rodrigo Duterte. On May 15, 2016, Makabayan backed Duterte's pro-communist pronouncements, where Makabayan afterwards took a swipe against the "madaang matuwid", alluding to the policies of former President Noynoy Aquino, who Duterte also attacked.[10] Makabayan also stated that it "welcomes" the incoming Duterte administration.[30] After the pronouncements of support, president-elect Duterte stated that he will give four department/cabinet leadership posts to "the Left", referring to the Makabayan bloc.[31]

In the 2016 House party-list elections, Makabayan retained its seven seats, where Bayan Muna fell into one seat but ACT Teachers strengthened into two seats.[11]

After becoming president, Rodrigo Duterte appointed numerous members of Makabayan to his presidential cabinet, while the Makabayan House members fully backed Duterte and joined his House supermajority. After dozens, and later thousands, of Filipinos were killed in the administration’s Philippine drug war, the Makabayan coalition continued its alliance with President Duterte. The alliance continued even after President Duterte allowed a hero’s burial for the dictator Ferdinand Marcos in November 2016.[32] Makabayan issued a statement after, where it echoed that as long as President Duterte continues the peace talks with communist rebels, as well as its "independent foreign policy", which was viewed as pro-China by experts, Makabayan's "support remains".[10] President Duterte appointed numerous Makabayan-endorsed candidates to his presidential cabinet, including DSWD secretary Judy Taguiwalo, DAR secretary Rafael V. Mariano, Presidential Commission for the Urban Poor chair Terry Ridon, Presidential Commission for the Urban Poor chair Liza Maza, and DOLE undersecretary Joel Maglunsod.[33][34]

In October 2016, Makabayan leader Liza Maza, who was appointed as National Anti-Poverty Commission head by President Rodrigo Duterte, issued an apology to Vice President Leni Robredo after "distasteful statements" were posted in her online platform attacking Robredo and actress Agot Isidro. Maza claimed that they were "investigating this matter internally" but did not reveal the female person who posted the attacks on her own organization's page.[35] In November 2016, Makabayan asked President Duterte to "dump the Marcoses".[36]

Even after the brutal murders of Kian delos Santos, Carl Arnaiz and Reynaldo de Guzman during the Philippine drug war in August 2017, Makabayan continued its alliance with President Duterte. It was only on September 14, 2017 where Makabayan dropped their alliance with Duterte, stating that the Duterte administration “fully unraveled as a fascist, pro-imperialist, and anti-people regime.”[10] The Makabayan House members also shifted sides, from majority bloc to the minority bloc.[37]

Numerous Makabayan-backed appointees of President Duterte were afterwards rejected by the Commission on Appointments. On September 2018, President Duterte stated, "Mabuti na lang ni-reject ng Congress (Good thing Congress rejected them)", adding that the Makabayan bloc and the communist groups "don't really want peace."[38] By October 3, 2018, President Duterte fired the last "leftist" in his administration.[39]

In 2019 senatorial elections, Makabayan fielded Neri Colmenares again as their sole candidate, placing 24th with heavy losses.[40] Makabayan also endorsed the senatorial bids of Nancy Binay and Grace Poe, as well as five candidates under the Liberal-led opposition, such as Bam Aquino.[41] Makabayan's endorsement became a "Trojan horse", with anti-communist groups lambasting the Liberal-led opposition for being associated with alleged "communist rebels" through Makabayan. None of the Liberal-led opposition won a senate seat in the aftermath.[42]

In the party-list race of the 2019 House elections, Makabayan fell into six seats, wherein Bayan Muna regained their three seats, Gabriela fell into one seat, Kabataan retained one seat, ACT Teachers fell into one seat, and Anakpawis was obliterated.[11]

In 2020, amid complete failure of the peace talks between President Duterte and the communist rebels earlier that year, the Makabayan–Duterte alliance became ultimately destroyed. A Senate investigation was later conducted by senator Panfilo Lacson about the Duterte government's red-tagging scheme. The investigation transpired into a public forum, where top Duterte generals red-tagged members of Makabayan, especially those under the Bayan Muna, Gabriela Women’s Party, Act Teachers, and Kabataan party-lists. Former activists alleged that the Makabayan coalition supported the communist armed movement, an accusation that Makabayan denied.[10] Makabayan afterwards issued a statement, calling Duterte the "king of red-tagger".[43]

In September 2021, Makabayan issued a statement wherein they were "not on board" with the 2022 presidential bid of Vice President Leni Robredo.[44] On the same month, Makabayan, through Carlos Isagani Zarate, stated that Duterte tricked their group into forming an alliance after the 2016 elections. However, Zarate also added that Makabayan as a whole does not regret its alliance with Duterte.[10]

In November 2021, the Criminal Investigation and Detection Group filed charges of two counts of cyberlibel (violation of the Republic Act No. 10175) against an incumbent and three former Makabayan representatives, former Bayan Muna Rep. Carlos Isagani Zarate and three leaders of the Gabriela Women's Party, Rep. Arlene Brosas, spokesperson Luzviminda Ilagan, and Liza Maza, after the four allegedly made statements accusing the Philippine National Police of red-tagging and planting of evidence. The case stemmed from a CIDG operation on that month to implement a 2015 arrest warrant against an individual for murder. The Department of Justice, in a resolution dated May 12, 2022 but only publicized in September, dismissed the charges for lack of merit.[45][46]

Opposition against the Marcos administration and Oposisyon ng Bayan (2022–present)

[edit]

In the 2022 senatorial elections, Neri Colmenares ran again, alongside labor leader Elmer Labog; both were part of the 1Sambayan senatorial slate, and were guest candidates under the senatorial slates of presidential contenders Leody de Guzman and Manny Pacquiao.[47][48] Months before, Vice President Robredo initiated talks with Colmenares about the 2022 elections, but nothing concrete came from the talks.[citation needed] In January 2022, while endorsing the presidential bids of De Guzman and Pacquiao, as they were allied with the slates of those candidates, Makabayan also endorsed Robredo for president and Kiko Pangilinan for vice president, but did not issue any statement of support to the re-election bid of senator Risa Hontiveros of Akbayan.[49] Robredo introduced Colmenares in one of her election stages but did not endorse him as she already has a complete senatorial slate. In an interview, Colmenares noted that he supports Robredo because he wanted presidential candidate Bongbong Marcos to lose.[50] President Duterte afterwards linked Makabayan again with communist rebels.[51]

In the party-list race of the 2022 House elections, Makabayan suffered immensely, falling into three seats only. Bayan Muna was completely obliterated from three seats to zero, while Kabataan, ACT Teachers, and Gabriela retained one seat each.[11]

In September 2024, after a series of House investigation led by Marcos allies and the Makabayan bloc regarding Vice President Sara Duterte's confidential fund usage and other corruption issues, Duterte slammed what she called the "Makabayan–Romualdez–Marcos alliance".[52] ACT Teacher representative France Castro denied the alliance allegations.[53]

Akbayan representative Perci Cendaña filed the first impeachment complaint against Vice President Duterte.[54] Makabayan followed suit with a second impeachment complaint.[55] Religious and civilian groups followed suit with a third impeachment complaint.[56] The fourth and last impeachment complaint was filed by the allies of President Marcos in the House, wherein a majority of the House members, 240 district and party-list representatives in total, which includes the 3 Makabayan members, formally impeached Vice President Duterte.[57]

Makabayan senatorial candidates for the 2025 elections.

In the 2025 senatorial elections, Makabayan fielded 11 senatorial candidates, namely,[58] labor leader Jerome Adonis,[59] nurse Jocelyn Andamo,[60] Gabriela representative Arlene Brosas, Pamalakaya chair Ronnel Arambulo[61] former Bayan Muna representative Teodoro Casiño, ACT Teachers representative France Castro, KADAMAY secretary-general Mimi Doringo, PISTON president Mody Floranda, Sandugo co-chair Amirah Lidasan[62] former Gabriela representative and Duterte-appointed NAPC chair Liza Maza, and peasant-farmer leader Danilo Ramos.[63] All of Makabayan's senatorial candidates were defeated in the elections, with the strongest Makabayan contender placing 32nd, while the least was at 59th out of 66 candidates. The election result was the biggest loss of the Makabayan bloc in senatorial election history, where they placed within the 20's ranking in previous senatorial elections. The 2025 elections also exposed Makabayan's solid vote base, which has dwindled to around 500 thousand votes only or less than 0.5% of the population.[64]

In the party list race of the 2025 House elections, the Makabayan coalition also suffered its worst electoral defeat in history, retaining only two seats through Kabataan and ACT Teachers. Gabriela was obliterated,[11] although an ongoing Commission on Elections (COMELEC) case has yet to rule on the cases filed against Duterte Youth. If Duterte Youth was disqualified by COMELEC, Gabriela may ascend back to the House.[65]

Days before the election, Makabayan sought for a House investigation against PrimeWater,[66][67] a water concessioner managed by senator Mark Villar and senator-elect Camille Villar, members of the Villar political dynasty, which Makabayan previously supported through Manny Villar during his 2010 presidential bid where he lost[15] and Cynthia Villar through her 2013 senatorial bid where she won.[24]

Electoral performance

[edit]

President

[edit]
Election Candidate Number of votes Share of votes Outcome of election
2010 Supported Manny Villar who lost
2016 Supported Grace Poe[68] who lost
2022 Supported Leni Robredo who lost[69]

Vice president

[edit]
Election Candidate Number of votes Share of votes Outcome of election
2010 Supported Loren Legarda who lost
2016 Supported Francis Escudero[68] who lost
2022 Supported Francis Pangilinan who lost[69]

Senate

[edit]
Election Number of votes Share of votes Seats won Seats after Outcome of election
2010 7,395,145 2.49%
0 / 12
0 / 24
 Lost
2013 4,295,151 1.44%
0 / 12
0 / 24
 Lost
2016 6,484,985 2.02%
0 / 12
0 / 24
 Lost
2019 4,683,942 1.29%
0 / 12
0 / 24
 Lost
2022 7,690,988 1.77%
0 / 12
0 / 24
 Lost
2025 28,001,064 6.53%
0 / 12
0 / 24
 Lost

House of Representatives

[edit]
Election District elections Party list election Total seats Outcome of election
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
2010 Did not participate 3,218,176 10.70%
7 / 57
7 / 286
 Joined the minority bloc
2013 3,870 0.01%
0 / 234
 3,284,445 11.86%
7 / 57
7 / 293
 Joined the minority bloc
2016 Did not participate 3,988,816 12.28%
7 / 59
7 / 297
 Joined the majority bloc
2019 Did not participate 2,304,518 8.27%
6 / 61
6 / 304
 Joined the minority bloc
2022 Did not participate 1,592,394 4.11%
3 / 63
3 / 316
 Joined the minority bloc
2025 Did not participate 1,085,680 2.58%
2 / 63
2 / 317
 Joined the minority bloc

References

[edit]
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  60. ^ "Nurse Jocelyn Andamo, the Senate Aspirant Who Hopes to Cure the Nation's Health Care Ills". phkule.org. October 2, 2024. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
  61. ^ Aglibot, Joanna Rose (August 19, 2024). "Fisherfolk leader announces 2025 Senate bid". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
  62. ^ Sampang, Dianne (September 24, 2024). "Moro activist is 11th senatorial candidate under Makabayan slate". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
  63. ^ Sampang, Dianne (August 22, 2024). "Farmers group leader announces senatorial bid, pushes for agri reform". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
  64. ^ ABS-CBN https://halalanresults.abs-cbn.com/. Retrieved May 26, 2025. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  65. ^ "Can Gabriela, others still make a late Congress entry, like Akbayan in 2024?". Rappler. Retrieved May 27, 2025.
  66. ^ "Hontiveros, Makabayan seek Senate, House probes into lapses of Villars' PrimeWater". Rappler. May 6, 2025. Retrieved May 27, 2025.
  67. ^ "Makabayan members seek House probe of PrimeWater". GMA News. May 6, 2025. Retrieved May 27, 2025.
  68. ^ a b "Makabayan formally endorses Grace Poe, Chiz Escudero". RAPPLER. November 5, 2015. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  69. ^ a b Krixia Subingsubing; Gabriel Pabico Lalu (January 28, 2022). "Neri, Makabayan end speculations, endorse Robredo, Pangilinan for 2022 polls". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
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