Mars
Mars .svg?lang=ha){kind=small} | |
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Observation (en)  | |
| Nisa daga duniya | 54,600,000 km da 401,000,000 km |
| Apparent magnitude (en) | −2.94 da 1.86 |
| Parent astronomical body (en) | rana |
| Suna saboda |
Mars (en) , Ares (en) da Wuta |
| Orbit (en) | |
| Apoapsis (en) | 249,232,432 km |
| Periapsis (en) | 206,655,215 km |
| Semi-major axis of an orbit (en) |
227,936,637 km 1.523679 AU |
| Orbital eccentricity (en) | 0.0933941 |
| Orbital period (en) | 686.98 rana |
| Synodic period (en) | 779.94 rana |
| Orbital speed (en) | 24.077 km/h |
| Mean anomaly (en) | 19.3564 ° |
| Orbital inclination (en) |
1.84969142 ° 5.65 ° 1.67 ° |
| Longitude of the ascending node (en) | 49.55953892 ° |
| Argument of periapsis (en) | 336.05637041 ° |
| Physics (en) | |
| Radius (en) | 3,389.5 km |
| Diameter (en) | 6,791.432 km |
| Flatness (en) | 0.00589 |
| Yawan fili | 144,798,500 km² |
| Volume (en) | 163,180,000,000 km³ |
| Nauyi | 641.71 Yg |
| Mass density (en) | 3,933 g/cm³ |
| Effective temperature (en) |
−63 °C −143 °C 35 °C |
| Albedo (mul) |
0.17 0.25 |
| Farawa | 4,540 million years BCE |
Mars ita ce duniya ta hudu daga Rana kuma ta biyu mafi karami a cikin tsarin hasken rana, wanda ya fi Mercury girma. A cikin harshen Ingilishi, ana kiran Mars don allah yaƙi na Romawa . Mars duniya ce ta duniya mai sirin yanayi (kasa da 1% na duniya), kuma tana da ɓawon burodi da farko da ta ƙunshi abubuwa kama da ɓawon ƙasa, da kuma ɓangarorin ƙarfe da nickel. Mars yana da fasali na sama kamar tasirin tasiri, kwaruruka, dunes da iyakoki na kankara . Yana da ƙananan wata guda biyu da siffa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, Phobos da Deimos .
Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi sani da su a duniyar Mars sun hada da Olympus Mons, mafi girman dutsen mai aman wuta da dutsen da aka fi sani da shi a cikin Solar System da Valles Marineris, daya daga cikin manyan canyons a cikin Solar System. Basin Borealis a Arewacin Hemisphere ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 40% na duniya kuma yana iya zama babban fasalin tasiri. Kwanaki da yanayi a duniyar Mars sun yi kama da na duniya, saboda taurari suna da irin wannan lokacin juyi da karkatar da axis na jujjuyawa dangane da jirgin saman husufi. Ruwa a saman duniyar Mars ba zai iya wanzuwa ba saboda ƙarancin yanayin, wanda bai kai kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na matsi na yanayi a duniya ba. Dukansu biyun ƙanƙaramar ƙanƙara ta duniyar Mars da alama an yi su ne da ruwa. A baya mai nisa, mai yiwuwa Mars ta kasance da ruwa, don haka mai yiwuwa ya fi dacewa da rayuwa. Ba a san ko rayuwa ta taba wanzuwa a duniyar Mars.
An binciko duniyar Mars da wasu jiragen sama marasa matuka, wanda ya fara da Mariner 4 a 1965. NASA's Viking 1 lander ya watsa a cikin 1976 hotuna na farko daga saman Martian. Kasashe biyu sun yi nasarar tura rovers a duniyar Mars, Amurka ta fara yin hakan tare da Sojourner a 1997 da China tare da Zhurong a 2021. Hakanan akwai shirye-shiryen manufa na gaba zuwa duniyar Mars, kamar NASA-ESA Mars Samfurin Samfurin Komawa wanda zai faru a cikin 2026, da kuma <i id="mwqQ">Rosalind Franklin</i> rover manufa, wanda aka yi niyya don ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2018 amma an jinkirta shi zuwa 2024 da farko, tare da ƙari. yiwuwar ƙaddamar da kwanan watan a 2028.
Ana iya kallon Mars daga Duniya da ido mara kyau, kamar yadda launin ja zai iya. Wannan bayyanar, saboda ƙarfe oxide da ke kan farfajiyarta, ya haifar da Mars sau da yawa ana kiranta Red Planet . Yana daga cikin abubuwa masu haske a sararin samaniya, tare da girman da ya kai -2.94, wanda ya dace da na Jupiter kuma Venus, Wata da Rana ne kawai suka wuce. A tarihi, an lura da Mars tun zamanin d ̄ a, kuma a cikin dubban shekaru an nuna shi a cikin al'adu da zane-zane a hanyoyin da suka nuna karuwar ilimin ɗan adam game da shi.
Binciken tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tarihin abubuwan lura na Mars yana da alamar adawa da Mars lokacin da duniyar ta fi kusa da Duniya kuma saboda haka yana da sauƙin gani, wanda ke faruwa a kowace shekara biyu. Har ma mafi sananne sune adawa da Mars, waɗanda aka rarrabe saboda Mars yana kusa da perihelion, yana mai da shi kusa da Duniya.[1]
Binciken zamanin d ̄ a da na zamani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tsohon Sumerians sun kira Mars Nergal, allahn yaƙi da annoba. A zamanin Sumerian, Nergal wani ƙaramin allah ne mai ƙarancin ma'ana, amma, a lokutan baya, babban cibiyar addininsa ita ce birnin Nineba. A cikin matani na Mesopotamiya, ana kiran Mars a matsayin "tauraron hukunci game da makomar matattu. " Kasancewar Mars a matsayin abu mai yawo a sararin sama na dare kuma Masana taurari na Masar na dā sun rubuta shi kuma, a shekara ta 1534 KZ, sun saba da motsi na duniya. A lokacin Daular Neo-Babylonian, Masana taurari na Babila suna yin rikodin matsayi na taurari da kuma lura da halayensu. Ga Mars, sun san cewa duniyar ta yi lokutan synodic 37, ko da'irori 42 na zodiac, a kowace shekara 79. Sun kirkiro hanyoyin lissafi don yin ƙananan gyare-gyare ga matsayin da aka annabta na taurari. A Tsohon Girka, an san duniyar da Template:Lang-grc . Yawancin lokaci, sunan Girkanci na duniyar da ake kira Mars, shine Ares. Romawa ne suka ba da sunan duniyar Mars, saboda allahn yaƙi, sau da yawa ana wakilta shi da takobi da garkuwar sunan duniyar.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Mars Opposition | Mars in our Night Sky". NASA's Mars Exploration Program (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-12-07.
- ↑ NASA (October 9, 2022). "All About Mars". mars.nasa.gov.