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Tsada

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Tsada
Conservation status

Least Concern (en) Fassara  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
KingdomPlantae
OrderSantalales (mul) Santalales
DangiOlacaceae (mul) Olacaceae
GenusXimenia (mul) Ximenia
jinsi Ximenia americana
Linnaeus, 1753
Tsada

Tsada (Ximenia americana)

Tsada

Ximenia americana, wanda aka fi sani da itace tallow, [1] hog plum, yellow plum, sea lemun tsami, ko pi'ut (Chamorro),[2]shrub/kananan bishiya ce mai kamun daji; wani nau'in jinsin Ximenia a cikin dangin Olacaceae. Ana samunsa galibi a cikin wurare masu zafi, kama daga Afirka, Indiya da kudu maso gabashin Asiya, zuwa Ostiraliya, New Zealand, tsibiran Pasifik, Indiya ta Yamma, Tsakiya, Arewa da Kudancin Amurka. Yana da yawa musamman a Afirka da Kudancin Amirka. Ba a cikin gida don haka ana samun shi ne kawai a cikin daji.

Suna girma a wuraren da ke da fiye da mm 500 na matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara kuma har zuwa tsayin mita 2000. Ana samun ta a wurare dabam-dabam dabam-dabam tun daga busassun ciyayi, wuraren tuddai zuwa wuraren dazuzzuka, kusa da bakin kogi, da mangroves [3]Ana samun su a cikin matalauta da busasshiyar ƙasa iri. Ba a kula da shuka ba; don haka yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin daji[4].

Bayani

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Itace

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ximenia americana itace tsire-tsire mai ɗanɗano wanda ke tsiro azaman kurmi mai tsiro ko ƙaramin bishiya zuwa tsakanin tsayin mita 2-7 (6.6-23.0 ft)[5], kodayake tsire-tsire waɗanda basu wuce 4m (ƙafa 13) ba. an fi lura da shi[6]. Tushen yana da diamita na ƙasa da 10 cm (inci 4); bawon yana da kalar launin ruwan kasa mai duhu zuwa launin toka mai launin toka[7]. Rassan suna yin baka ne zuwa ƙasa[8] kuma rassan suna da madaidaiciya, siraran kashin baya waɗanda tsayinsa ya kai santimita 1, suna fitowa daga cikinsa, kuma suna da launin shuɗi-ja tare da furanni mai kakin zuma.[9]

Ganyayyaki

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ganyayyaki suna da sauƙi, madaidaici ko tari akan harbe-harbe, suna da lanceolate (kamar mashi) zuwa siffar elliptical (oval), ko dai sun kasance obtuse, ɓata ko sake komawa a koli, kuma suna da nau'i mai kama da fata. Ganyen suna girma har zuwa 2.5 zuwa 8 cm (1 zuwa 3 in) tsayi da 1 zuwa 4 cm (0.4 zuwa 1.6 in) faɗin, suna da kauri daga sirara zuwa mai ɗanɗano kuma suna da nau'i-nau'i na jijiyoyi na gefe guda 3 zuwa 7 waɗanda ke da wahala. lura a bangarorin biyu na ganye. Suna karkata zuwa sama tare da tsakiya.[10]

Ganyen suna da gashi yayin da suka fara girma, amma sai su zama santsi da sheki yayin da suke girma[11]. Petioles gajere ne kuma sirara, suna girma har zuwa 3 zuwa 6 mm (0.1 zuwa 0.3 in) tsayi. Suna da santsi, santsi kuma suna da launin toka-kore ko launin kore mai haske da nama mai fata ko bakin ciki. Suna fitar da wari mai ƙarfi kamar almond idan an daka su.[12]

Fure-fure da 'ya'yan itace

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ana yawan yin furanni a lokacin rani.[13] Furen suna da ƙamshi, ƙanana, fari masu launi, rawaya-kore ko ruwan hoda kuma suna da tsayi kusan 5 zuwa 10 mm (0.2 zuwa 0.4 in). Suna girma akan inflorescences masu rassa, waɗanda ko dai tseren tseren tsere ne ko cymes na umbelliform, waɗanda ke kan tsayin 3-7mm. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da siffar globose, subglobose, drupaceous ko ellipisoid, tsayin su har zuwa cm 3, suna da diamita na 2.5 cm kuma suna da santsi.[14]

Bishiyoyin suna samar da 'ya'ya bayan kimanin shekaru 3 suna girma.[15] 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari kore ne amma suna juya launin zinari-rawaya ko rawaya (kuma ba kasafai-orangish-ja ba) yayin da suke girma[16] yanayin yanayi ba ya shafar balaga. Lokacin da ya girma, 'ya'yan itacen suna da kore, ɓangaren litattafan almara, da babban iri ɗaya na endospermic, wanda ke da ƙananan amfrayo da sirara. Wannan iri yana da itace da launin rawaya mai haske kuma yana girma har zuwa 1.5 cm tsayi tare da diamita na 1.2 cm, kuma yana da kusan 60% abun ciki na mai.[17] 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna "na shakatawa" idan aka ci kuma an ce suna da "ɗanɗanon almond-acid" [18]. Daga nan sai dabbobin da suke cin ’ya’yan itacen suka tarwatsa su.[19] Ximenia americana yayi kama da shuka Ximenia afra, wani nau'in jinsin Ximenia. Duk da haka, ganyen X. americana da 'ya'yan itatuwa sun yi ƙasa da X. afra wanda ya sa ya zama sauƙi a bambanta tsakanin su biyun. X. americana kuma yana ɗauke da furanni da yawa akan inflorescences waɗanda ke da rassa yayin da furannin X. afra suna ɗaukar su a cikin tufa ko mufuradi, suna nuna wani bambanci tsakanin duka waɗannan nau'ikan.[20]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/XIAM
  2. ↑ Raulerson, L; Rinehart, A.F. (1992). Trees and shrubs of the Northern Mariana Islands. Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands: Coastal Resources Management
  3. ↑ http://www.wildsingapore.com/wildfacts/plants/coastal/ximenia/americana.htm
  4. ↑ https://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/PDFs/44(4)/01.pdf
  5. ↑ http://www.wildsingapore.com/wildfacts/plants/coastal/ximenia/americana.htm
  6. ↑ Medeiros, A.C.; Medeiros, F.D. (2018). Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of South America. Springer Netherlands. p. 465. ISBN 978-94-024-1550-6.
  7. ↑ Kefelegn, G. A.; Desta, B. (March 2021). Mansour, A. (ed.). "Ximenia americana: Economic Importance, Medicinal Value, and Current Status in Ethiopia". The Scientific World Journal. 2021: 8880021. doi:10.1155/2021/8880021. PMC 7960047. PMID 33746636.
  8. ↑ Medeiros, A.C.; Medeiros, F.D. (2018). Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of South America. Springer Netherlands. p. 465. ISBN 978-94-024-1550-6.
  9. ↑ http://apps.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/Publications/PDFS/B11913.pdf
  10. ↑ http://apps.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/Publications/PDFS/B11913.pdf
  11. ↑ https://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/PDFs/44(4)/01.pdf
  12. ↑ http://www.wildsingapore.com/wildfacts/plants/coastal/ximenia/americana.htm
  13. ↑ Medeiros, A.C.; Medeiros, F.D. (2018). Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of South America. Springer Netherlands. p. 465. ISBN 978-94-024-1550-6.
  14. ↑ http://apps.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/Publications/PDFS/B11913.pdf
  15. ↑ Medeiros, A.C.; Medeiros, F.D. (2018). Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of South America. Springer Netherlands. p. 465. ISBN 978-94-024-1550-6.
  16. ↑ http://apps.worldagroforestry.org/treedb2/AFTPDFS/Ximenia_americana.PDF
  17. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7960047
  18. ↑ http://apps.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/Publications/PDFS/B11913.pdf
  19. ↑ http://apps.worldagroforestry.org/treedb2/AFTPDFS/Ximenia_americana.PDF
  20. ↑ http://pza.sanbi.org/ximenia-americana-var-microphylla#:%7E:text=Ximenia%20americana%20is%20one%20of,missionary%2C%20Francisco%20Ximenez%20(d
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