September 11
Template:Linked-title is the 254th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (255th in leap years). There are 111 days remaining.
It is usually the first day of the Coptic calendar and Ethiopian calendar (in the period AD 1900 to AD 2099).
Media usage
The terms "September 11th", "11th September", and "9/11" (pronounced "nine-eleven") have been widely used in the Western media as a shorthand for the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and The Pentagon in the United States of America.
In other places of the world the media also uses it as shorthand for other events, for example, the September 11, 1973 Coup d'Etat in Chile is referred to as "El 11 de Septiembre" or "El once" ("September 11" or "eleven" in Spanish) as shorthand for the Coup events.
Events
- 1185 - Isaac II Angelus kills Stephanus Hagiochristophorites and then appeals to the people, resulting in the revolt which deposes Andronicus I Comnenus and places Isaac on the throne of the Byzantine Empire.
- 1226 - The Catholic practice of perpetual adoration begins.
- 1297 - Battle of Stirling Bridge: Scots led by William Wallace defeat the English.
- 1541 - Santiago, Chile, is destroyed by indigenous warriors, lead by Michimalonko.
- 1609 - Henry Hudson lands on Manhattan island.
- 1609 - Expulsion order announced against the Moriscos of Valencia; beginning of the expulsion of all Spain's Moriscos.
- 1649 - Siege of Drogheda ends: Oliver Cromwell's English Parliamentarian troops take the town and massacre its garrison.
- 1683 - Battle of Vienna.
- 1708 - Charles XII of Sweden stops outside Smolensk heading to the south, culminating in the disastrous battle of Poltava, the end of Sweden as a major power.
- 1709 - Battle of Malplaquet: Great Britain, Netherlands and Austria fight against France.
- 1714 - Barcelona surrenders to Spanish and French Bourbonic armies in the War of the Spanish Succession.
- 1773 - The Public Advertiser publishes a satrical essay titled Rules By Which A Great Empire May Be Reduced To A Small One, which is written by Benjamin Franklin.
- 1776 - British-American peace conference on Staten Island fails to stop nascent American Revolution.
- 1777 - Battle of Brandywine - Major American Revolutionary war victory for British in Chester County, Pennsylvania.
- 1786 - The Beginning of the Annapolis Convention.
- 1789 - Alexander Hamilton is appointed as first Secretary of the Treasury.
- 1792 - Hope Diamond is stolen along with other crown jewels when six men broke into the house used to store the jewels.
- 1814 - The climax of the Battle of Plattsburgh, which ended the War of 1812.
- 1847 - Stephen Foster's most well-known song, Oh! Susanna, is first performed at a saloon in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
- 1857 - The Mountain Meadows Massacre: Mormon settlers and Paiutes massacre 120 pioneers at Mountain Meadows, Utah.
- 1869 - Work completed on the Wallace Monument.
- 1888 - Death of the Argentine politician Domingo Sarmiento, after whom the Latin American Teacher's Day was chosen.
- 1891 - The Jewish Colonization Association is established by Baron Maurice de Hirsch.
- 1893 - First World Parliament of Religions conference held.
- 1897 - After months of pursuit, generals of Menelik II of Ethiopia capture Gaki Sherocho, the last king of Kaffa, bringing an end to that ancient kingdom.
- 1906 - Mahatma Gandhi starts Non-Violence movement Satyagraha.
- 1911 - Middle Tennessee State University is founded in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, as Middle Tennessee Normal School.
- 1914 - Australia invades New Britain, defeating a German contingent there.
- 1916 - The Quebec Bridge collapses for a second time, killing 11 men. The bridge initially collapsed on August 29, 1907.
- 1918 - Major League Baseball: The Boston Red Sox won last World Series until 2004, starting the "Curse of the Bambino."
- 1919 - US Marines invade Honduras.
- 1921 - Motion picture star Fatty Arbuckle is arrested for rape.
- 1921 - Nahalal, the first moshav in Israel, is settled.
- 1922 - The British Mandate of Palestine begins.
- 1922 - The Treaty of Kars is ratified in Yerevan, Armenia.
- 1922 - One of the Herald Sun of Melbourne, Australia's predecessor papers The Sun News-Pictorial is founded.
- 1926 - An assassination attempt on Benito Mussolini fails.
- 1931 - Salvatore Maranzano is murdered by Charles Luciano's hitmen.
- 1932 - Franciszek Żwirko and Stanisław Wigura, Polish Challenge 1932 winners, killed in a plane crash as their RWD 6 crashed into the ground during a storm.
- 1940 - George Stibitz pioneers the first remote operation of a computer.
- 1941 - Ground broken for the construction of The Pentagon.
- 1941 - World War II: US Navy ordered to attack German U-boats.
- 1943 - World War II: German troops occupy Corsica and Kosovo-Metohija.
- 1943 - World War II: start of the liquidation of the Ghettos in Minsk and Lida by the Nazis.
- 1944 - World War II: the first allied troops of the US Army cross the western border of Nazi Germany.
- 1944 - RAF bombing raid on Darmstadt and the following firestorm kill 11,500.
- 1948 - Henri Queuille becomes Prime Minister of France.
- 1955 - Dedication of the first Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Europe, the Bern Switzerland Temple.
- 1960 - Young Americans for Freedom meeting at home of William F. Buckley, Jr. promulgates the Sharon Statement.
- 1961 - Formation of the World Wildlife Fund.
- 1962 - The Beatles record their debut single, Love Me Do.
- 1965 - The 1st Cavalry Division of the United States Army arrives in Vietnam.
- 1970 - 88 of the hostages from the Dawson's Field hijackings are released. The remaining hostages, mostly Jews or Israeli citizens, are held until September 25.
- 1970 - The Ford Pinto is introduced.
- 1971 - The Egyptian Constitution becomes official.
- 1972 - Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) in San Francisco, California begins regular service.
- 1973 - A CIA supported military coup in Chile headed by General Augusto Pinochet topples the democratically elected President Salvador Allende[1]. Pinochet remains in power for almost 17 years.
- 1974 - Eastern Air Lines Flight 212 crashes in North Carolina, killing 69 passengers and two crew.
- 1978 - U.S. President Jimmy Carter, President Sadat of Egypt, and Prime Minister Begin of Israel met at Camp David and agreed on a framework for peace between Israel and Egypt and a comprehensive peace in the Middle East.
- 1981 - The Pee-wee Herman Show airs as a special on HBO.
- 1982 - The international forces, which were guaranteeing the safety of Palestinian refugees following Israel's 1982 Invasion of Lebanon, left Beirut. Five days later, several thousand refugees were massacred in the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps.
- 1985 - Baseball: Pete Rose gets his 4,192nd career base hit, breaking Ty Cobb's record which stood for over 60 years.
- 1987 - 9-1-1 Emergency Number Day.
- 1987 - CBS Evening News anchor Dan Rather, angry over being preempted for a tennis match, marches off the set, leaving affiliates with six minutes of an empty news desk.
- 1989 - The iron curtain opens between the communist Hungary and Austria. From Hungary thousands of East Germans throng to Austria and West Germany.
- 1990 - U.S. President George H. W. Bush delivers a nationally televised speech in which he threatens the use of force to remove Iraqi soldiers from Kuwait, which Iraq had recently invaded.
- 1992 - Hurricane Iniki, one of the most damaging hurricane in United States history during its time, devastates the State of Hawai'i, especially the islands of Kaua'i and Oahu.
- 1996 - Union Pacific Railroad purchases Southern Pacific Railroad.
- 1997 - Scotland referendum, 1997 - Scotland votes to establish a devolved parliament.
- 1998 - Independent counsel Kenneth Starr sends a report to the U.S. Congress accusing President Bill Clinton of 11 possible impeachable offenses.
- 1998 - Yevgeny Primakov is appointed Prime Minister of Russia.
- 1998 - Opening ceremony for the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysia was the first Asian country to host the games.
- 1999 - Tennis: Serena Williams, 2 weeks short of her 18th birthday, wins her first Grand Slam tournament when she became US Open champion, becoming the first African American woman to win a Grand Slam tournament since Althea Gibson in 1958.
- 2000 - Activists protest against the World Economic Forum meeting in Melbourne, Australia. See S11.
- 2001 - The September 11 attacks destroy the World Trade Center in New York City (the largest two towers of the complex), the western wall of The Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, and crash a passenger airliner in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. In total, almost 3,000 are killed.
- 2003 - Swedish foreign minister Anna Lindh dies after being assaulted and fatally wounded on September 10.
- 2003 - The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety enters into effect.
- 2004 - Petros VII, the (Greek Orthodox) Patriarch of Alexandria and his company are killed in an unexplained helicopter crash outside Mount Athos, Greece.
- 2005 - The State of Israel officially declares an intent to leave the disputed territory, the Gaza Strip after 38 years.
Births
It has been suggested by Ernest L. Martin that Jesus of Nazareth was born on September 11 in 3 BC when the moon moved in a rare pattern with Venus generating the Star of Bethlehem. On the Julian calendar September 11, 3 BC is also the second day of Rosh Hashana, the Jewish New Year.
- 1182 - Minamoto no Yoriie, Japanese shogun (d. 1204)
- 1522 - Ulisse Aldrovandi, Italian naturalist (d. 1605)
- 1524 - Pierre de Ronsard, French poet (d. 1585)
- 1611 - Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, Marshal of France (d. 1675)
- 1681 - Johann Gottlieb Heineccius, German jurist (d. 1741)
- 1700 - James Thomson, Scottish poet (d. 1748)
- 1711 - William Boyce, English composer (d. 1779)
- 1723 - Johann Bernhard Basedow, German educational reformer (d. 1790)
- 1786 - Friedrich Kuhlau, German composer (d. 1832)
- 1798 - Franz Ernst Neumann, German mineralogist and physicist (d. 1895)
- 1816 - Carl Zeiss, German lens maker (d. 1888)
- 1825 - Eduard Hanslick, German music critic (d. 1904)
- 1836 - Fitz Hugh Ludlow, American author (d. 1870)
- 1838 - John Ireland, American Catholic archbishop (d. 1918)
- 1859 - Vjenceslav Novak, Croatian writer (d. 1905)
- 1860 - Marianne von Werefkin, Russian-Swiss painter (d. 1938)
- 1862 - O. Henry, American writer (d. 1910)
- 1862 - Julian Byng, British army officer (d. 1935)
- 1865 - Rainis, Latvian poet and playwright (d. 1929)
- 1885 - D.H. Lawrence, English novelist (d. 1930)
- 1892 - Lucien Buysse, Belgian cyclist (d. 1980)
- 1899 - Jimmie Davis, composer (d. 2000)
- 1903 - Theodor Adorno, German sociologist (d. 1969)
- 1913 - Paul "Bear" Bryant, American football coach (d. 1983)
- 1914 - Patriarch Pavle, Patriarch of Serbian Orthodox Church
- 1917 - Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines (d. 1989)
- 1917 - Jessica Mitford, British writer (d. 1996)
- 1923 - Dharmsamrat Paramhans Swami Madhavananda, Hindu guru (d. 2003)
- 1924 - Daniel Akaka Chinese-American US senator
- 1924 - Tom Landry, American football coach (d. 2000)
- 1924 - Rudolf Vrba, Jewish Canadian professor, Holocaust survivor (d. 2006)
- 1925 - Harry Somers, Canadian composer (d. 1999)
- 1926 - Eddie Miksis, baseball player (d. 2005)
- 1927 - G. David Schine, American businessman (d. 1996)
- 1927 - Vernon Corea, Sri Lankan broadcaster (d. 2002)
- 1928 - Earl Holliman, American actor
- 1932 - Peter Anderson, English footballer
- 1933 - Dr. William L. Pierce, American author and activist (d. 2002)
- 1934 - Oliver Jones, Quebec jazz pianist
- 1935 - Arvo Pärt, Estonian composer
- 1935 - Gherman Titov, second man in space (d. 2000)
- 1937 - Iosif Kobzon, Soviet singer and Russian businessman
- 1937 - Queen Paola Ruffo di Calabria of Belgium
- 1937 - Robert Crippen, American astronaut
- 1939 - Charles Geschke, American inventor and businessman
- 1940 - Brian de Palma, American film director
- 1940 - Theodore Olson, U.S. Solicitor General
- 1942 - Lola Falana, American singer
- 1943 - Mickey Hart, American drummer (Grateful Dead)
- 1943 - Raymond Villeneuve, Canadian terrorist
- 1944 - Everaldo, Brazilian football player
- 1945 - Franz Beckenbauer, German footballer
- 1945 - Felton Perry, American actor
- 1948 - John Martyn, English musician
- 1950 - Amy Madigan, American actress
- 1950 - Barry Sheene, British motorcyclist
- 1953 - Tommy Shaw, American musician, lead singer of Styx
- 1958 - Roxann Dawson, American actress
- 1958 - Scott Patterson, American actor
- 1961 - Virginia Madsen, American actress
- 1961 - Philip Ardagh, British writer
- 1962 - Elizabeth Daily, American actress
- 1962 - Filip Dewinter Belgian politician
- 1962 - Kristy McNichol, American actress
- 1962 - Julio Salinas, Spanish footballer
- 1963 - Dr Patrick McWilliams, Irish author
- 1964 - Ellis Burks, baseball player
- 1964 - Victor Wooten, American musician
- 1965 - Bashar al-Assad, The current President of Syria
- 1965 - Paul Heyman, American wrestling manager
- 1965 - Moby, American musician
- 1965 - David Roe, English snooker player
- 1966 - Princess Akishino, Wife of Prince Akishino, Japanese Imperial Family
- 1967 - Maria Bartiromo, Financial Broadcast Journalist
- 1967 - Harry Connick, Jr., American singer
- 1968 - Kay Hanley, American musician
- 1969 - Eduardo Perez, American baseball player
- 1971 - Richard Ashcroft, British singer
- 1971 - Markos Moulitsas, American blogger and author
- 1976 - Elephant Man, Jamaican musician
- 1977 - Ludacris, American rapper
- 1977 - Matthew Stevens, Welsh snooker player
- 1977 - Jon Buckland, British guitarist (Coldplay)
- 1978 - Ed Reed, American football player
- 1978 - Ben Lee, Australian musician and singer
- 1979 - Andols Herrick, American drummer (Chimaira)
- 1979 - Nathan Gale, American murderer (d. 2004)
- 1979 - Ariana Richards, American actress
- 1979 - Frank Francisco, Major League Baseball pitcher
- 1980 - Antônio Pizzonia, Brazilian Formula One driver
- 1981 - Dylan Klebold, Columbine high school shooter (d. 1999)
- 1982 - Shriya Saran, South Indian actress
- 1983 - Ike Diogu, American basketball player
- 1985 - Shaun Livingston, American basketball player
Deaths
- 1161 - Queen Melisende of Jerusalem (b. 1105)
- 1185 - Stephanus Hagiochristophorites, Byzantine courtier
- 1279 - Robert Kilwardby, Archbishop of Canterbury
- 1298 - Philip of Artois, French soldier (b. 1269)
- 1349 - Bonne of Luxembourg, wife of John II of France (b. 1315)
- 1599 - Beatrice Cenci, Italian noblewoman executed for conspiring to kill her father (b. 1577)
- 1677 - James Harrington, English politicial philosopher (b. 1611)
- 1680 - Roger Crab, English Puritan political writer (b. 1621)
- 1680 - Emperor Go-Mizunoo of Japan (b. 1596)
- 1721 - Rudolf Jakob Camerarius, German botanist and physician (b. 1665)
- 1733 - François Couperin, French composer (b. 1668)
- 1760 - Louis Godin, French astronomer (b. 1704)
- 1823 - David Ricardo, economist
- 1843 - Joseph Nicollet, mathematician and explorer
- 1851 - Sylvester Graham, American nutritionist
- 1865 - Christophe Léon Louis Juchault de Lamoricière, French general (b. 1806)
- 1888 - Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, President of Argentina
- 1911 - Louis Henri Boussenard, French novelist (b. 1847)
- 1915 - William Cornelius Van Horne, North American railway executive (b. 1843)
- 1917 - Georges Guynemer, French World War 1 aviator (b. 1894)
- 1921 - Subramanya Bharathy, Tamil poet (b. 1882)
- 1931 - Salvatore Maranzano, crime boss
- 1932 - Franciszek Żwirko and Stanisław Wigura, Polish pilots (plane crash)
- 1939 - Konstantin Korovin, Russian painter (b. 1861)
- 1948 - Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder of Pakistan
- 1950 - Jan Smuts, South African soldier and statesman
- 1956 - Billy Bishop, Canadian pilot in World War I
- 1958 - Robert W. Service, Scottish-born Canadian poet
- 1958 - Camillien Houde, French Canadian politician, mayor of Montreal (b. 1889)
- 1966 - C. E. Woolman, American airline magnate
- 1971 - Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev, Soviet politician and leader (b. 1894)
- 1972 - Max Fleischer, American animator (b. 1883)
- 1973 - Salvador Allende, President of Chile (b. 1908)
- 1978 - Georgi Markov, Bulgarian dissident (assassinated) (b. 1929)
- 1978 - Janet Parker, medical photographer, the final victim of smallpox
- 1978 - Ronnie Peterson, Swedish F1 driver. Crashed on Monza circuit.
- 1984 - Jerry Voorhis, American politician (b. 1901)
- 1985 - William Alwyn, English composer (b. 1905)
- 1987 - Lorne Greene, Canadian actor (b. 1915)
- 1987 - Peter Tosh, Jamaican musician and singer (b. 1944)
- 1988 - John Sylvester White, American actor (b. 1919)
- 1990 - Myrna Mack, Guatemalan anthropologist (assassinated) (b. 1949)
- 1993 - Erich Leinsdorf, Austrian conductor (b. 1912)
- 1993 - Antoine Izméry, Haitian pro-democracy activist (assassinated)
- 1994 - Jessica Tandy, American actress (b. 1909)
- 1994 - William Obanhein, police officer, mentioned in "Alice's Restaurant" (b. 1924)
- 1995 - Anita Harding, neurologist (b. 1952)
- 1997 - Camille Henry, National Hockey League player (b. 1933)
- 1998 - Dane Clark, American actor (b. 1913)
- 1999 - Gonzalo Rodriguez, Uruguayan auto racing driver (b. 1972)
- 2001 - David Angell, American sitcom creator (b. 1946)
- 2001 - Todd Beamer, passenger on United Airlines Flight 93 (b. 1968)
- 2001 - Berry Berenson, former wife of actor Anthony Perkins and a passenger on American Airlines flight 11 (b. 1948)
- 2001 - Mark Bingham, passenger on United Airlines Flight 93 (b. 1970)
- 2001 - Peter J. Ganci, Jr., Chief of Department, FDNY
- 2001 - Angel L. Juarbe, Jr., American firefighter, winner of Murder in Small Town X (b. 1966)
- 2001 - John P. O'Neill, former FBI agent, and Director of Security at the World Trade Center (b. 1952)
- 2001 - John Ogonowski, pilot for American Airlines Flight 11 (b. 1951)
- 2001 - Barbara Olson, American political commentator, passenger on American Airlines Flight 77 (b. 1955)
- 2001 - Betty Ong, flight attendant on American Airlines Flight 11 (b. 1956)
- 2001 - Madeline Amy Sweeney, flight attendant on American Airlines Flight 11
- 2002 - Kim Hunter, American actress (b. 1922)
- 2002 - Johnny Unitas, American football player (b. 1933)
- 2003 - Anna Lindh, Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs (assassinated) (b. 1957)
- 2003 - John Ritter, American actor (b. 1948)
- 2004 - Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria (helicopter crash) (b. 1949)
- 2004 - Fred Ebb, American lyricist (b. 1933)
- 2004 - David Mann, U.S. artist (emphysema) (b. 1939)
- 2005 - Chris Schenkel, American sportscaster (b. 1923)
- 2006 - William Auld, Scottish poet, writer and supporter of Esperanto (b. 1924)
- 2006 - Joachim Fest, German journalist and author
- 2006 - Johannes Bob van Benthem, Dutch lawyer, first president of the European Patent Office (b. 1921)
Holidays
- RC Saints - Virgin of the Holy cave; Saint Deiniol, Our Lady of Coromoto, Protus and Hyacinth.
- Also see September 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics).
- Beheading of John The Baptist (or The Forerunner) in Eastern Orthodox tradition.
- Coptic Orthodox Church - Feast of Neyrouz, the New Year's Day in the Coptic calendar.
- New Year's Day in the Ethiopian calendar (Enkutatash).
- Catalonia - National Day.
- Latin America Teacher's Day, after the death of Argentine Domingo F. Sarmiento.
- Death anniversary of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder of Pakistan.
Other observances
- Proclaimed 9-1-1 Emergency Number Day by President Reagan on August 26 in 1987 and celebrated since then by some United States communities, particularly the local emergency services.
- Patriot Day (USA) - Anniversary of the September 11 attacks.
- Feast day of Saint Deiniol.
In fiction
- In Arthur C. Clarke's 1972 novel Rendezvous with Rama, September 11, 2077 is the date of a meteorite collision that kills 600,000 people in Western Europe and destroys the Italian cities of Padua, Verona, and Venice.
- In the 1984 anime film The Super Dimension Fortress Macross: Do You Remember Love?, Captain Bruno J. Global offers Zentraedi defectors amnesty on September 11.
- The 1998 Coen Brothers film The Big Lebowski opens with a scene in which the title character writes a cheque to purchase a quart of half and half, which he intends to use for mixing White Russians. The check is postdated September 11.
External links
September 10 · September 12 · August 11 · October 11 · more historical anniversaries