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Today's featured article

Emmy Noether (1882–1935) was a German mathematician who made important contributions to abstract algebra. Described by Einstein as the most important woman in the history of mathematics, she proved Noether's first and second theorems, fundamental in mathematical physics. Noether's first theorem explains the connection between symmetry and conservation laws. She also developed theories of rings, fields, and algebras. Born to a Jewish family in Erlangen; her work in Germany, principally at Göttingen University, came at a time when women were largely excluded from academia there. In 1933, Germany's Nazi government dismissed Jews from university positions, and Noether moved to the U.S., teaching at Bryn Mawr College and at the Institute for Advanced Study. Noether was generous with her ideas and is credited with several lines of research published by others, even in fields far removed from her main work, such as algebraic topology. (Full article...)

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Selected anniversaries

June 16: Foundation Day of the Akal Takht (Sikhism)

James Joyce

632 – The final king of the Sasanian Empire of Iran, Yazdegerd III, ascended the throne at the age of eight.
1819 – A strong earthquake in the Kutch district of Gujarat, India, caused a local zone of uplift that dammed the Nara River, which was later named the Allah Bund ('Dam of God').
1904 – Irish author James Joyce (pictured) began a relationship with Nora Barnacle, and subsequently used the date to set the actions for his 1922 novel Ulysses, commemorated as Bloomsday.
1936 – A Junkers Ju 52 aircraft of Norwegian Air Lines crashed into a mountainside near Hyllestad, Norway, killing all seven people on board.
1997 – The English rock band Radiohead released their landmark third album OK Computer in the United Kingdom.

John Cheke (b. 1514)
Tomás Yepes (d. 1674)
Helen Traubel (b. 1899)
Tony Gwynn (d. 2014)

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In the news...

Melissa Hortman

In the US state of Minnesota, state representative Melissa Hortman (pictured) is assassinated and state senator John Hoffman is injured.
Israel launches multiple airstrikes across cities in Iran, killing various nuclear scientists and military officials, including IRGC Commander-in-Chief Hossein Salami.
Air India Flight 171 crashes in Ahmedabad, India, killing 279 people.
The Beach Boys co-founder Brian Wilson dies at the age of 82.

{{TSF Monday}}

Park No. 474 in Chicago

... that the Illinois Institute of Technology created Chicago's smallest park by deeding a 54-square-foot (5 m²) granite slab (pictured) to the city?
... that footballer Franco Mastantuono played youth tennis on a national-level?
... that Franklin Sonn was the first black South African ambassador to the United States?
... that the deportation of Soviet Germans was one of the largest ethnic-cleansing operations of the 20th century?
... that John Linton Chapman, despite his artistic talent, sold potboilers and his relatives' valuable paintings to make a living?
... that New Star GP spans five decades of Formula One history, from the 1980s to the present day?
... that Marva Nabili, a member of the Iranian New Wave, made a "haunting" film about the struggles of a family in Manhattan's Chinatown?
... that Rued Langgaard said that his Symphony No. 6 depicts the struggle between Jesus and "spiritual wickedness in high places"?
... that Eileen Niedfield, one of the first five women in her medical school's pathology program, graduated with the highest score in the United States?

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