Portal:Oceans

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The Oceans Portal
A portal dedicated to oceans, seas, oceanography and related topics

Selected panorama

– Hover over image and scroll to middle for controls to see more selected panorama images –

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   A sea anemone in the Pacific Ocean, Baja California, Mexico
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   A view of Myrtos Beach and the Ionian Sea, Cephalonia, Ionian Islands, Greece
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   Satellite view of the Pacific Ocean and the main windward Hawaiian Islands
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   A view of the Southern Ocean from Great Ocean Road, Port Campbell, Princetown, Victoria, Australia
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   Clouds over the Southern Ocean, with continent labels
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   A view of Filfla and the Mediterranean Sea. Filfla is a small, mostly barren, uninhabited islet 4.5 kilometres (2.8 miles) south of Malta.
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   A panorama of Zanzibar, Tanzania, particularly the Stone Town, taken from the Indian Ocean
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   Icebergs broken off from glaciers in northern Baffin Bay, Cape York, Greenland
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   A surfer in the Pacific Ocean at the 2010 Mavericks competition, village of Princeton-by-the-Sea, northern California
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   A mother sperm whale and her calf in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Mauritius
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   Orca (Orcinus orca) hunting a Weddell seal in the Southern Ocean
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   A view of the South China Sea, Bacuit Archipelago, municipality of El Nido, Palawan, Philippines
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   Caesio teres in the South Pacific Ocean in Fiji

Introduction

Surface view of the Atlantic Ocean

The ocean is the body of salt water that covers approximately 70.8% of Earth. The ocean is conventionally divided into large bodies of water, which are also referred to as oceans (the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Antarctic/Southern, and Arctic Ocean), and are themselves mostly divided into seas, gulfs and subsequent bodies of water. The ocean contains 97% of Earth's water and is the primary component of Earth's hydrosphere, acting as a huge reservoir of heat for Earth's energy budget, as well as for its carbon cycle and water cycle, forming the basis for climate and weather patterns worldwide. The ocean is essential to life on Earth, harbouring most of Earth's animals and protist life, originating photosynthesis and therefore Earth's atmospheric oxygen, still supplying half of it. (Full article...)

Waves in Pacifica, California

A sea is a large body of salt water. There are particular seas and the sea. The sea commonly refers to the ocean, the interconnected body of seawaters that spans most of Earth. Particular seas are either marginal seas, second-order sections of the oceanic sea (e.g. the Mediterranean Sea), or certain large, nearly landlocked bodies of water. (Full article...)

Oceanography (from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós) 'ocean' and γραφή (graphḗ) 'writing'), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science, is the scientific study of the ocean, including its physics, chemistry, biology, and geology. (Full article...)

Read more about oceans...
Read more about the sea...
Read more about oceanography...

Selected article -

Mare Liberum (1609) by Hugo Grotius is one of the earliest works on law of the sea.

Law of the sea (or ocean law) is a body of international law governing the rights and duties of states in maritime environments. It concerns matters such as navigational rights, sea mineral claims, and coastal waters jurisdiction. The connotation of ocean law is somewhat broader, but the law of the sea (anchored in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)) is so comprehensive that it covers all areas of ocean law as well (e.g., marine environmental law, maritime law).

While drawn from a number of international customs, treaties, and agreements, modern law of the sea derives largely from the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. That convention is effective since 1994, and is generally accepted as a codification of customary international law of the sea, and is sometimes regarded as the "constitution of the oceans". (Full article...)

Interesting facts -

• The European Maritime Safety Agency was founded in 2002 to help prevent maritime accidents and marine pollution, in response to the Estonia, Erika and Prestige sea disasters.

• The Oceanography Society gives out the Jerlov Award "in Recognition of Contribution Made to the Advancement of Our Knowledge of the Nature and Consequences of Light in the Ocean".

• The voyages of the Otter crossing the Pacific Ocean from Australia and becoming the first vessel of the United States to enter a Californian port in 1796 were chronicled by French traveler Pierre François Péron.

Selected list articles and Marine habitat topics

• List of oceans
• List of ancient oceans
• List of seas
• List of circumnavigations
• List of cruise lines
• List of largest lakes and seas in the Solar System
• List of marine biologists
• List of marine ecoregions
• List of maritime explorers
• List of naval battles
• List of ocean liners
• List of oceanographic institutions and programs
• List of oldest surviving ships
• List of rogue waves
• List of seafood dishes
• List of submarine topographical features

Tasks

edit tasks

Here are some tasks awaiting attention: Article requests : List of oceanographers, create a comprehensive article on Concentrations of marine debris out of all the gyre and "garbage patch" articles Copyedit : Draft:Terrance (octopus) Expand : Coral Sea, Endeavour Strait, Greenland Sea, Solomon Sea Photo : find images for Category:Wikipedia requested photographs in the oceans Stubs : Oceanography stub articles, Marine geography stub articles, Aleutian Trench, Bellingshausen Sea, Caernarfon Bay, Gerlache Strait, Gulf of Oman, Iceland Sea, Draft:Terrance (octopus) Update : Botany Bay, Wilkins Sound, Mariana Trench, Challenger Deep Verify : Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Bering Sea, Gulf of Aden, Iceberg B-15, Ionian Sea, Japan Trench, Moreton Bay, Sound (geography), Timor Sea Other : add ISBNs and remove excessive or inappropriate external links from Aral Sea; check La Belle (ship) for GA status; improve citations or footnotes and remove excessive or inappropriate external links from MS Estonia

General images -

The following are images from various ocean-related articles on Wikipedia.

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  A wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) on South Georgia (from Southern Ocean)
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  A stratovolcano in Ulawun on the island of New Britain in Papua New Guinea (from Pacific Ocean)
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  The British invasion of Isle de France on 29 November 1810 during the Napoleonic Wars (from Indian Ocean)
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  Major ocean trade routes in the world include the northern Indian Ocean. (from Indian Ocean)
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  Madagascar's elephant bird, Mauritius's dodo bird and ostrich (from left to right) (from Indian Ocean)
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  1937 delineation (from Southern Ocean)
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  Cod fishery in Norway (from Atlantic Ocean)
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  The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is the strongest current system in the world oceans, linking the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific basins. (from Southern Ocean)
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  Impact of El Niño and La Niña on North America (from Pacific Ocean)
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  Greco-Roman trade with ancient India according to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea 1st century CE (from Indian Ocean)
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  A general delineation of the Antarctic Convergence, sometimes used by scientists as the demarcation of the Southern Ocean (from Southern Ocean)
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  Tarawa Atoll in Kiribati (from Pacific Ocean)
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  Orca (Orcinus orca) hunting a Weddell seal in the Southern Ocean (from Southern Ocean)
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  Density structure of the upper 1,200 m (3,900 ft) in the Arctic Ocean. Profiles of temperature and salinity for the Amundsen Basin, the Canadian Basin and the Greenland Sea are sketched. (from Arctic Ocean)
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  "Terres Australes" [sic] label without any charted landmass (from Southern Ocean)
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  A Chagossian on Diego Garcia in 1971, before the British expelled the islanders. He spoke a French-based creole language and his ancestors were likely brought as slaves in the 19th century. (from Indian Ocean)
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  The International Hydrographic Organization's delineation of the "Southern Ocean" has moved steadily southward since the original 1928 edition of its Limits of Oceans and Seas. (from Southern Ocean)
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  The bathyscaphe Trieste before her record dive to the bottom of the Mariana Trench, 23 January 1960 (from Pacific Ocean)
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  Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are a keystone species of the food web. (from Southern Ocean)
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  Minke whale (from Arctic Ocean)
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  Maris Pacifici by Ortelius (1589). One of the first printed maps to show the Pacific Ocean (from Pacific Ocean)
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  Bahama Banks (from Atlantic Ocean)
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  Banks of the northwest Atlantic (from Atlantic Ocean)
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  In 2020, Japanese Prime Minister Suga declined to drink the bottle of Fukushima's treated radioactive water that he was holding, which would otherwise be discharged to the Pacific. (from Pacific Ocean)
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  Fish of the Notothenioidei suborder, such as this young icefish, are mostly restricted to the Antarctic and Subantarctic. (from Southern Ocean)
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  During summer, warm continental masses draw moist air from the Indian Ocean hence producing heavy rainfall. The process is reversed during winter, resulting in dry conditions. (from Indian Ocean)
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  Emanuel Bowen's 1780s map of the Arctic features a "Northern Ocean". (from Arctic Ocean)
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  MS Explorer in Antarctica in January 1999. She sank on 23 November 2007 after hitting an iceberg. (from Southern Ocean)
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  Frank Hurley: As time wore on it became more and more evident that the ship was doomed (Endurance trapped in pack ice), National Library of Australia. (from Southern Ocean)
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  The three major cultural areas of the Pacific Ocean islands: Micronesia, Melanesia and Polynesia (from Pacific Ocean)
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  1928 delineation (from Southern Ocean)
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  Mount St. Helens in Skamania County, Washington, U.S. in 2020 (from Pacific Ocean)
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  Portrait of Edmund Halley by Godfrey Kneller (before 1721) (from Southern Ocean)
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  An adult and sub-adult Minke whale are dragged aboard the Japanese whaling vessel Nisshin Maru. (from Southern Ocean)
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  Universalis Cosmographia, also known as the Waldseemüller map, dated 1507, was the first map to show the Americas separating two distinct oceans. South America was generally considered the New World and shows the name "America" for the first time, after Amerigo Vespucci (from Pacific Ocean)
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  Iceberg A22A in the South Atlantic Ocean (from Atlantic Ocean)
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  The Arctic region showing the Northeast Passage, the Northern Sea Route within it, and the Northwest Passage via Canadian Inland Waters. (from Arctic Ocean)
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  Map showing the migration of the Austronesian peoples (from Pacific Ocean)
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  Excavation of the Ertebølle middens in 1880 (from Atlantic Ocean)
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  Severe cracks in an ice pier in use for four seasons at McMurdo Station slowed cargo operations in 1983 and proved a safety hazard. (from Southern Ocean)
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  Pacific Ocean currents have created three islands of debris. (from Pacific Ocean)
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  Agulhas Bank (from Atlantic Ocean)
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  James Weddell's second expedition in 1823, depicting the brig Jane and the cutter Beaufroy (from Southern Ocean)
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  The economically important Silk Road was blocked from Europe by the Ottoman Empire in c. 1453 with the fall of the Byzantine Empire. This spurred exploration, and a new sea route around Africa was found, triggering the Age of Discovery. (from Indian Ocean)
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  The 1564 Typus Orbis Terrarum, a map by Abraham Ortelius, showed the imagined link between the proposed continent of Antarctica and South America. (from Southern Ocean)
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  Sunset over the Pacific Ocean as seen from the International Space Station. Tops of thunderclouds are also visible. (from Pacific Ocean)
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  A female warty squid (Moroteuthis ingens) (from Southern Ocean)
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  Three polar bears approach USS Honolulu near the North Pole. (from Arctic Ocean)
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  Continents and islands of the Southern Ocean (from Southern Ocean)
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  The Arctic Ocean, with borders as delineated by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), including Hudson Bay (some of which is south of 57°N latitude, off the map) and all other marginal seas. (from Arctic Ocean)
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  1911 South Polar Regions exploration map (from Southern Ocean)
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  The Kennedy Channel. (from Arctic Ocean)
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  Malé's population has increased from 20,000 people in 1987 to more than 220,000 people in 2020. (from Indian Ocean)
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  Regional Working Group zones for SOOS (from Southern Ocean)
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  Typhoon Tip at global peak intensity on 12 October 1979 (from Pacific Ocean)
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  According to the Coastal hypothesis, modern humans spread from Africa along the northern rim of the Indian Ocean. (from Indian Ocean)
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  Manganese nodule (from Southern Ocean)
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  Path of the thermohaline circulation. Purple paths represent deep-water currents, while blue paths represent surface currents.
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  As the Gulf Stream meanders across the North Atlantic from the North American east coast to Western Europe its temperature drops by 20 °C (36 °F).
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  A bathymetric/topographic map of the Arctic Ocean and the surrounding lands. (from Arctic Ocean)
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  A copepod (from Arctic Ocean)
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  Location of the Southern Ocean gyres (from Southern Ocean)
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  The Aethiopian Ocean depicted in a 1710 French map of Africa (from Atlantic Ocean)
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  The Antarctic Ocean, as delineated by the draft 4th edition of the International Hydrographic Organization's Limits of Oceans and Seas (2002) (from Southern Ocean)
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  Air pollution in South Asia spread over the Bay of Bengal and beyond. (from Indian Ocean)
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  A Ring of Fire; the Pacific is ringed by many volcanoes and oceanic trenches. This map does not show the Cascadia subduction zone along part of the west coast of North America, whose trench is completely buried in sediments. (from Pacific Ocean)
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  Banks of the northeast Atlantic (from Atlantic Ocean)
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  Marine debris strewn over the beaches of the South Atlantic Inaccessible Island (from Atlantic Ocean)
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  False color map of ocean depth in the Atlantic basin (from Atlantic Ocean)
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  Marine debris on a Hawaiian coast in 2008 (from Pacific Ocean)
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  Distribution of the major water mass in the Arctic Ocean. The section sketches the different water masses along a vertical section from Bering Strait over the geographic North Pole to Fram Strait. As the stratification is stable, deeper water masses are denser than the layers above. (from Arctic Ocean)
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  The island geography of the Pacific Ocean Basin (from Pacific Ocean)
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  Map of the Pacific Ocean during European Exploration, circa 1702–1707 (from Pacific Ocean)
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  Famous official portrait of Captain James Cook who proved that waters encompassed the southern latitudes of the globe. "He holds his own chart of the Southern Ocean on the table and his right hand points to the east coast of Australia on it." (from Southern Ocean)
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  Coral reefs of the Maldives (from Indian Ocean)
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  Capture of Atlantic northwest cod in million tons (from Atlantic Ocean)
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  The Andaman Negritos are thought to be the first inhabitants of the Andaman Islands, having emigrated from the mainland tens of thousands of years ago. (from Indian Ocean)
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  Embarked and disembarked slaves in the Atlantic slave trade 1525–1863 (first and last slave voyages) (from Atlantic Ocean)
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  Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) are the most southerly of Antarctic mammals. (from Southern Ocean)
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  Thule archaeological site (from Arctic Ocean)
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  The Arctic region; of note, the region's southerly border on this map is depicted by a red isotherm, with all territory to the north having an average temperature of less than 10 °C (50 °F) in July. (from Arctic Ocean)
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  Made in 1529, the Diogo Ribeiro map was the first to show the Pacific at about its proper size (from Pacific Ocean)
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  On the sea ice of the Arctic Ocean temporary logistic stations may be installed, Here, a Twin Otter is refueled on the pack ice at 86°N, 76°43‘W. (from Arctic Ocean)
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  Mombasa Port on Kenya's Indian Ocean coast (from Indian Ocean)
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  Map of the Pacific Ocean during European Exploration, circa 1754. (from Pacific Ocean)
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  An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) map of the Pacific (from Pacific Ocean)
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  In the subpolar gyre of the North Atlantic warm subtropical waters are transformed into colder subpolar and polar waters. In the Labrador Sea this water flows back to the subtropical gyre. (from Atlantic Ocean)
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  The Austronesian maritime trade network was the first trade routes in the Indian Ocean. (from Indian Ocean)
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  Walruses on Arctic ice floe (from Arctic Ocean)
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  Sea cover in the Arctic Ocean, showing the median, 2005 and 2007 coverage (from Arctic Ocean)
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  Sunset in Monterey County, California, U.S. (from Pacific Ocean)
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  An iceberg being pushed out of a shipping lane by (L to R) USS Burton Island, USS Atka, and USS Glacier near McMurdo Station, Antarctica, 1965 (from Southern Ocean)
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  The Atlantic Gyres influenced the Portuguese discoveries and trading port routes, here shown in the India Run ("Carreira da Índia"), which would be developed in subsequent years. (from Atlantic Ocean)
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  Seas that are parts of the Southern Ocean (from Southern Ocean)
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  Aldabra giant tortoise from the islands of the Aldabra Atoll in the Seychelles (from Indian Ocean)
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  Waves in the trade winds in the Atlantic Ocean – areas of converging winds that move along the same track as the prevailing wind – create instabilities in the atmosphere that may lead to the formation of hurricanes.
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  Area inside the black line indicates the area constituting the Pacific Ocean prior to 2002; darker blue areas are its informal current borders following the recreation of the Southern Ocean and the reinclusion of marginal seas. (from Southern Ocean)
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  Admiral von Bellingshausen (from Southern Ocean)
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  Based on the medieval Íslendingasögur sagas, including the Grœnlendinga saga, this interpretative map of the "Norse World" shows that Norse knowledge of the Americas and the Atlantic remained limited. (from Atlantic Ocean)
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  "Southern Ocean" as alternative to the Aethiopian Ocean, 18th century (from Southern Ocean)
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  Model of a Fijian drua, an example of an Austronesian vessel with a double-canoe (catamaran) hull and a crab claw sail (from Pacific Ocean)
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  For most of the 16th century, the Portuguese dominated the Indian Ocean trade. (from Indian Ocean)
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  USS Vincennes at Disappointment Bay, Antarctica in early 1840 (from Southern Ocean)
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  Upwelling in the Southern Ocean

  (from Southern Ocean)
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  Abel Aubert du Petit-Thouars taking over Tahiti on 9 September 1842 (from Pacific Ocean)
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  A map of Australia's official interpretation of the names and limits of oceans and seas around Australia (from Southern Ocean)

Related portals

In the news

11 June 2025 – Mediterranean Sea migrant smuggling

At least eight migrants are found dead and 22 others are missing as the United Nations International Organization for Migration and the Djiboutian government launch a joint rescue operation after migrants were forced off a boat and forced to swim to shore off the coast of Djibouti. (AP)

8 June 2025 – 2025 San Diego Cessna 414 crash

All six occupants are killed after a Cessna 414 crashed into the ocean off the coast of Point Loma after takeoff from San Diego International Airport in San Diego, California, United States. (CBS News)

5 June 2025 – Mediterranean Sea migrant smuggling, Sudanese refugee crisis

The Freedom Flotilla, a flotilla carrying humanitarian aid en route to Gaza with Swedish activist Greta Thunberg, Irish actor Liam Cunningham, and French European Parliament member Rima Hassan, rescue four Sudanese civil war refugees from a dinghy near Libya. (The Times of Israel) (The Print)

28 May 2025 – Red Sea crisis

Israel says it launched airstrikes against targets in Houthi-controlled Yemen, destroying the last operational plane of Yemenia Airlines at Sanaa International Airport. (Reuters)

16 May 2025 – Red Sea crisis

The Israeli Air Force launches airstrikes on the ports of Hudaydah and Salif in Houthi-controlled Yemen, as prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu and defense minister Israel Katz warn that if the Houthis persist in attacking Israel, their leader Abdul-Malik al-Houthi will be directly targeted. (Al Arabiya)

WikiProjects

WikiProjects

• WikiProject Oceans
• WikiProject Limnology and Oceanography
• WikiProject Marine life
• WikiProject Cetaceans
• WikiProject Fishes
• WikiProject Sharks

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Related WikiProjects

• WikiProject Arthropods
• WikiProject Fisheries and Fishing
• WikiProject Lakes
• WikiProject Rivers

Topics

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More topics

Categories

Category puzzle

Select [►] to view subcategories Oceans

Oceans

Categories by ocean

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Landforms by sea or ocean

Oceans-related lists

Seas

Oceans surrounding Antarctica

Arctic Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

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Oceans and seas in fiction

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Works set on oceans

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Physical oceanography

Research vessels

Underwater diving companies

Underwater diving sites

Underwater explorers

United States Exploring Expedition

Oceanography stubs

Associated Wikimedia

The following Wikimedia Foundation sister projects provide more on this subject:

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Admiralty law

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External media

External media

• World Ocean Database and World Ocean Atlas Series – from the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Includes the World Ocean Atlas.
• European Atlas of the Seas – the European Atlas of the Seas, from the European Commission
• NOAA Research – NOAA research news, Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR)
• Ocean Research – from The World Ocean Observatory
• Ocean Biodiversity Information System – "a global open-access data and information clearing-house on marine biodiversity for science, conservation and sustainable development"

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